scholarly journals Optimizing Roller Design to Improve Web Strain Uniformity in Roll-to-Roll Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousung Kang ◽  
Yongho Jeon ◽  
Hongkyu Ji ◽  
Sin Kwon ◽  
Ga Eul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
Machine Direction ◽  
Flexible Devices ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Register Error ◽  
The Web

In this work, we investigated the compensation of strain deviation in the machine direction of a web in the roll-to-roll process. As flexible devices have become popular, many researchers have begun to study roll-to-roll processes for the mass-production of flexible devices at low cost. In the continuous roll-to-roll process, an electronic circuit pattern is printed on the web while the web is transferring. Due to tension and Poisson’s ratio, a non-uniform strain distribution can occur in the web. This strain distribution occurs mainly at the center of the web and causes a register error in the machine direction. In this work, we designed a roller to minimize the strain deviation. The design of the compensation roller was optimized using the design of experiments (DOE) methodology and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the compensation performance was verified through experiments and simulations. According to the results of a comparative experiment conducted to confirm the correcting performance of the optimized roller, the strain deviation in the machine direction decreased by approximately 48% with the proposed roller compared to that of the conventional roller.

A novel adaptable isometric strength analysis and exercise development system design

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110155
Author(s):  
Murat Fidan ◽  
Alper Bayrak ◽  
Umid Karli
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Development System

In this study, a low-cost and adaptable isometric strength measurement and exercise development system are described. The implemented system consists of mechanical structure, force measurement sensor, electronic circuit, and computer software. Isometric-isotonic (via spring resistance) strength analysis and various exercise programs can be applied with the system. The developed system has a lower cost compared to its counterparts in the literature and has a structure that can be adapted to different machines and measuring methods. The operability and reliability of the isometric strength measurement and exercise development system have been proven by calibration tests.

Register control of roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment considering time difference between measurement and actuation

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (11) ◽  
pp. 2726-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Hwan Kim ◽  
Ha-Il You ◽  
Seung-Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
The Web

The manufacture of printed electronics by roll-to-roll printing machine requires more accurate register performance than conventional media printing technology. Moreover, high drying temperature and long drying time to sinter the inks can induce the substantial changes in the length of the substrate and consequently register errors. Among the roll-to-roll printing methods, the gravure one, despite its relatively fast productivity and fine-line printing capacity, has difficulty in achieving the required register specifications for printed electronics because of the dependence of the register control on web dynamics. This study proposes a roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment, including the register measurement system designed to enhance register performance and the related register control method for the application of printed electronics. Each cylinder constituting the printing unit is driven independently by an individual servomotor. Moreover, the printing patterns of the plate cylinder can move in the axial direction by position control, as well as in the web transport direction by a phase shift of the plate cylinder, without affecting the dynamics of the web. The time difference between the measurement and the actual control action is considered and modeled. The register measurement system, including selections of sensors and marks is also proposed to consider the effect of the time difference. The simulation results and the experiments of the register control are shown to verify the effect of the time difference on the control performances. It is found that a proper estimation of time difference should be obtained in order to guarantee more accurate and stable control performances.

Fuzzy Set Based Clustering Algorithm of Web Text

2014 ◽  
Vol 678 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Hong Xin Wan ◽  
Yun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Text Clustering ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
Fuzzy Algorithm ◽  
Pattern Clustering ◽  
The Web ◽  
Computing Accuracy

Web text exists non-certain and non-structure contents ,and it is difficult to cluster the text by normal classification methods. We propose a web text clustering algorithm based on fuzzy set to increase the computing accuracy with the web text. After abstracting the key words of the text, we can look it as attributes and design the fuzzy algorithm to decide the membership of the words. The algorithm can improve the algorithm complexity of time and space, increase the robustness comparing to the normal algorithm. To test the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm, we take the comparative experiment between pattern clustering and our algorithm. The experiment shows that our method has a better result.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Porous Silicon Based Humidity Sensing Elements on Paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero Jalkanen ◽  
Anni Määttänen ◽  
Ermei Mäkilä ◽  
Jaani Tuura ◽  
Martti Kaasalainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Silver Electrodes ◽  
Silicon Based

A roll-to-roll compatible fabrication process of porous silicon (pSi) based sensing elements for a real-time humidity monitoring is described. The sensing elements, consisting of printed interdigitated silver electrodes and a spray-coated pSi layer, were fabricated on a coated paper substrate by a two-step process. Capacitive and resistive responses of the sensing elements were examined under different concentrations of humidity. More than a three orders of magnitude reproducible decrease in resistance was measured when the relative humidity (RH) was increased from 0% to 90%. A relatively fast recovery without the need of any refreshing methods was observed with a change in RH. Humidity background signal and hysteresis arising from the paper substrate were dependent on the thickness of sensing pSi layer. Hysteresis in most optimal sensing element setup (a thick pSi layer) was still noticeable but not detrimental for the sensing. In addition to electrical characterization of sensing elements, thermal degradation and moisture adsorption properties of the paper substrate were examined in connection to the fabrication process of the silver electrodes and the moisture sensitivity of the paper. The results pave the way towards the development of low-cost humidity sensors which could be utilized, for example, in smart packaging applications or in smart cities to monitor the environment.

scholarly journals Whispering Gallery Mode Based Optical Fiber Sensor for Measuring Concentration of Salt Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chin Chiang ◽  
Jian-Cin Chao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
The Right

An optical fiber solution-concentration sensor based on whispering gallery mode (WGM) is proposed in this paper. The WGM solution-concentration sensors were used to measure salt solutions, in which the concentrations ranged from 1% to 25% and the wavelength drifted from the left to the right. The experimental results showed an average sensitivity of approximately 0.372 nm/% and anR2linearity of 0.8835. The proposed WGM sensors are of low cost, feasible for mass production, and durable for solution-concentration sensing.

An Investigation onto Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Printing Plate of Multiple Functional Solid Line by Flexographic

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Maksud ◽  
Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof ◽  
M. Mahadi Abdul Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Line Width ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Printing Processes

Recently low cost production is vital to produce printed electronics by roll to roll manufacturing printing process like a flexographic. Flexographic has a high speed technique which commonly used for printing onto large area flexible substrates. However, the minimum feature sizes achieved with roll to roll printing processes, such as flexographic is in the range of fifty microns. The main contribution of this limitation is photopolymer flexographic plate unable to be produced finer micron range due to film that made by Laser Ablation Mask (LAMs) technology not sufficiently robust and consequently at micron ranges line will not be formed on the printing plate. Hence, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used instead of photopolymer. Printing trial had been conducted and multiple solid lines successfully printed for below fifty microns line width with no interference between two adjacent lines of the printed images.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Library Database Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark England ◽  
Lura Joseph ◽  
Nem W. Schlect
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web ◽  
Interface Designs

Two locally created databases are made available to the world via the Web using an inexpensive but highly functional search engine created in-house. The technology consists of a microcomputer running UNIX to serve relational databases. CGI forms created using the programming language Perl offer flexible interface designs for database users and database maintainers.

scholarly journals SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTED HARDWARE-TRANSIENT FAULTS DETECTION

2014 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Goutam Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transient Faults ◽  
Fault Tolerant System ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Commodity Systems ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Register Error

This paper examines a software implemented self-checking technique that is capable of detecting processorregisters' hardware-transient faults. The proposed approach is intended to detect run-time transient bit-errors in memory and processor status register. Error correction is not considered here. However, this low-cost approach is intended to be adopted in commodity systems that use ordinary off-the-shelf microprocessors, for the purpose of operational faults detection towards gaining fail-safe kind of fault tolerant system.

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