scholarly journals Degradation Products on Byzantine Glasses from Northern Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7523
Author(s):  
Valeria Comite ◽  
Martina Andreoli ◽  
Davide Atzei ◽  
Donatella Barca ◽  
Marzia Fantauzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Glass Surfaces

This study deals with the identification of the degradation products present on some Byzantine glasses coming from an archaeological excavation in Northern Tunisia. The main purpose of the present investigation is the identification of the products and the characterization of surface altered points, namely iridescent and black patinas, which are present on some selected glasses. Non-destructive techniques such as XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy) and LA-ICP-MS (Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) are here exploited. SEM-EDS was employed to ascertain the morphological structure and the chemical composition of various points, apparently different, on the glass surfaces. Small area XPS was performed for identifying the elements present on the sample surface, for determining their chemical state and for establishing the atomic composition of the morphologically different regions. LA-ICP-MS was exploited to determine the chemical composition as far as the trace elements are concerned. The presence of iridescent patinas and of encrustations has been highlighted on the glass surfaces in correspondence to the altered areas: iridescent patinas are due to the fact that the glasses are depleted in alkali and alkaline earths. The incrustations resulted due to the presence of calcium carbonates, and/or oxyhydroxides. In one case sulfides were also detected by SEM.

scholarly journals Quantification of Carbonic Contamination of Fused Silica Surfaces at Different Stages of Classical Optics Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Robert Köhler ◽  
Domenico Hellrung ◽  
Daniel Tasche ◽  
Christoph Gerhard
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Carbon Contamination ◽  
Silica Surfaces ◽  
Carbon Impurities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Glass Surfaces

The chemical composition of ground and polished fused silica glass surfaces plays a decisive role in different applications of optics. In particular, a high level of carbon impurities is often undesirable for further processing and especially for gluing or cementing where adhesion failure may be attributed to carbonic surface-adherent contaminants. In this study, the surface carbon content at different stages of classical optics manufacturing was thus investigated. Two different standard processes—grinding and lapping with two final polishing processes using both polyurethane and pitch pads—were considered. After each process step, the chemical composition and roughness of the surface were analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. An obvious correlation between surface roughness and effective surface area, respectively, and the proportion of carbon contamination was observed. The lowest carbon contamination was found in case of lapped and pitch polished surfaces.

scholarly journals A dried droplet calibration approach for the analysis of solid samples through laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Villaseñor ◽  
Caroline Greatti ◽  
Marina Boccongelli ◽  
José Luis Todolí
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Solid Samples ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Calibration Approach

Liquid standards are deposited, dried and ablated from the solid sample surface for accurate analysis through laser ablation ICP-MS.

Nonstoichiometry in KTP and Nb: KTP crystals by high-temperature solutions method

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Hao ◽  
Chengguo Jin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Niobium Content ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Mass Spectometry

Nonstoichiometry could cause many point defects and limit the application of KTP crystal. Nonstoichiometry in KTP and Nb:KTP crystals by high-temperature solution method were studied by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The formation of high potassium and Ti[Formula: see text] centers in KTP and Nb:KTP crystals was analyzed. The effect of niobium on nonstoichiometry in Nb:KTP crystal was discussed. The results showed that high potassium, low phosphate, and low oxygen existed in KTP and Nb:KTP crystal samples. Low phosphate and low oxygen in crystal samples resulted from phosphate volatilization, which could be inhibited by the increase of niobium content. Meanwhile, Ti[Formula: see text] centers in crystal samples were original and formed during crystal growth, and were generated with high potassium simultaneously.

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition and Mineral Elements Content Analyses of Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S. C. Cheng Grown in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghui Jiang ◽  
Longqian Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Karst Landform ◽  
Candidate Molecule

Abstract Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsu et S. C. Cheng (L. fulvotomentosa), a vine shrub found in Southwestern China, is used for treating epidemic fever and infectious diseases, such as SARS and Avian Influenza. Here, we investigated the chemical composition and nutritional content of dried flowers of L. fulvotomentosa grown in yellow loam and Karst landform soil in Guizhou, China. The moisture content in all samples varied from 3.25 to 3.63%, lipids from 7.76 to 9.93%, fiber from 6.93 to 7.34%, ashes from 12.32 to 12.76%, crude protein from 7.85 to 8.53%, and carbohydrates from 56.21 to 59.77%. Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), the predominant mineral elements in the dried flowers were found to be calcium (297.34-351.26 mg/kg), potassium (132.56-140.37 mg/kg), iron (37.77–41.25 mg/kg), and magnesium (9.47–11.36 mg/kg). Also, HPLC identified flavonoids (kaempferol, rutin, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin) and phenolic acids (caffeic acid, gallic acid, and chlorogenic acid). Thus, the chemical composition of L. fulvotomentosa was similar to that of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica). Thus, it could be used as an alternative to L. japonica. Our results showed that the dried flower of L. fulvotomentosa had an extremely high content of chlorogenic acids and caffeic acid, which could be developed as a candidate molecule as HIV inhibitors.

Two-dimensional impurity imaging in polar ice cores sparks new demand for automated image analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Bohleber ◽  
Marco Roman ◽  
Sebastiano Vascon ◽  
Marcello Pelillo ◽  
Carlo Barbante
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Icp Ms

<p>Due to its micron-scale resolution and micro-destructiveness, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is especially suited for the analysis of the oldest and highly thinned sections of polar ice cores. State-of-the-art 2D elemental imaging by LA-ICP-MS has great potential for investigating the location of impurities on the ice sample surface and is crucial to avoid misinterpretation of ultra-fine resolution signals. The impurity imaging with LA-ICP-MS comprises several millions of laser shots fired over just a few square mm. This technique combines new chemical images with visual analysis and, in so doing raises new questions that may be answered through techniques in automated image analysis and computer vision. As an illustration of this new frontier, a selected set of key problems is presented, with first examples of how automated image analysis techniques can help solving them. This concerns the relationship between impurity localization and the grain boundary network as well as the paleoclimate significance of single line profiles along the main core axis. Ultimately, this demonstrates that it is the right time to spark an intensified exchange among the two scientific communities of computer vision and ice core science.</p>

Chemical Composition Assessment of Sulphurous Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1040
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Murarescu ◽  
Gica Pehoiu ◽  
Cristiana Radulescu ◽  
Ioana Daniela Dulama ◽  
Sofia Teodorescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms

The study aims to assess the chemical composition of sulphurous spring waters collected from Pucioasa � Vulcana Bai balneotherapeutical area, Dambovita County. The sampling were achieved from active and preserved sulphurous sources (i.e. five springs), during the summer period of the year 2016. The content of nine metals (i.e. Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb) in water samples was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The relationships between physicochemical parameters (i.e. pH, conductivity, TDS, salinity, total hardness and dissolved oxygen) and metal concentrations were investigated, as well.

Implications of the mineralogy and chemical composition of lead beads from Frobisher's assay site, Kodlunarn Island, Canada: prelude to Bre-X?

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Beaudoin ◽  
Réginald Auger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lead Isotope ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Rock Matrix ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Lead beads recovered from a 16th century archaeological site on Kodlunarn Island in Frobisher Bay are believed to be a by-product of assaying rocks mined from various locations by Martin Frobisher's expeditions in 1577–1578. The lead beads were melted in crucibles to separate gold from its rock matrix. Microprobe analyses of galena grains in the lead indicate that they contain up to 0.4 wt.% silver but no gold. The chemical composition of the lead beads was determined in situ by electron microprobe and in bulk by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and pyrolysis assay. The lead beads form two chemical composition groups that were recovered from different sites: (Shop 1) Cu-poor, Bi-free, Sb-rich, with 37–43 g/t Ag and no detectable gold; (Shop 2) Cu-rich, Bi-rich, Sb-poor, with 78–96 g/t Ag and one sample that yielded 0.72 g/t Au. These two groups also have different lead isotope compositions: Shop 1 has low 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb compared with Shop 2. These compositions suggest that Shop 1 leads are derived from England, whereas Shop 2 has a composition typical of Cyprus ores and of some deposits in England. The composition of the lead beads indicates that the flux and collector used for the assays on Kodlunarn Island did not introduce a gold-rich contamination. Silver was likely added from the flux or collector used to assay the rocks, a contamination well-known to Renaissance assayers.

Auger and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Tribocontact Surface after Laser Modification

2016 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Sidashov ◽  
A.T. Kozakov ◽  
S.I. Yaresko
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
R6m5 Steel ◽  
Double Reduction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thick Oxide Layer

The samples of the tool steel P6M5 were modified by means of laser irradiation (hereinafter - LO). The chemical composition of the sample surface before and after the LO was studied using the Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (hereinafter - AES and XPS respectively). It was found that while the steel is exposed to LO, the thick oxide layer consisting mainly of the Fe2O3 oxide is formed. It was established that the modification with LO leads to increasing of wear resistance and durability of the R6M5 steel because of a double reduction of the friction coefficient.

scholarly journals Hydrous Hydrazine Decomposition for Hydrogen Production Using of Ir/CeO2: Effect of Reaction Parameters on the Activity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Davide Motta ◽  
Ilaria Barlocco ◽  
Silvio Bellomi ◽  
Alberto Villa ◽  
Nikolaos Dimitratos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Hydrazine Decomposition

In the present work, an Ir/CeO2 catalyst was prepared by the deposition–precipitation method and tested in the decomposition of hydrazine hydrate to hydrogen, which is very important in the development of hydrogen storage materials for fuel cells. The catalyst was characterised using different techniques, i.e., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with X-ray detector (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma—mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The effect of reaction conditions on the activity and selectivity of the material was evaluated in this study, modifying parameters such as temperature, the mass of the catalyst, stirring speed and concentration of base in order to find the optimal conditions of reaction, which allow performing the test in a kinetically limited regime.

scholarly journals Copper slag as a potential source of critical elements - A case study from Tsumeb, Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lohmeier ◽  
B.G. Lottermoser ◽  
T. Schirmer ◽  
D. Gallhofer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Dissipative Loss ◽  
Icp Ms

SYNOPSIS At a time of resource consumption, it is important to study the chemical composition of mining and metallurgical wastes to prevent the dissipative loss of metals and metalloids from the mining value chain. In particular, the recovery of critical elements from wastes is an option to increase the resources of such materials that are economically significant and have an overall supply risk. In this paper we report on the chemical composition, in particular the critical element content, of granulated slag originating from historical smelting activities in the Tsumeb area, Namibia. Laboratory-based inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses as well as portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) demonstrate that the slags are on average enriched in base metals (Cu 0.7 wt%, Pb 2.7 wt%, Zn 4.7 wt%), trace metals and metalloids (Cd approx. 50 mg/kg, Mo approx. 910 mg/kg) as well as critical elements (As approx. 6300 mg/kg, Bi approx. 3 mg/kg, Co approx. 200 mg/kg, Ga approx. 100 mg/kg, In approx. 9 mg/kg, Sb approx. 470 mg/kg). While metals and metalloids such as As, Mo and Pb can be determined reliably using pXRF instruments, the technique has inherent limitations in evaluating the contents of certain critical elements (Ga, Sb). However, there are positive correlations between the As, Mo, and Pb contents determined by pXRF and the Ga and Sb contents obtained through ICP-MS and XRF. Thus, quantitative pXRF analysis for As, Mo, and Pb allows calculation of Ga and Sb abundances in the slags. This work demonstrates that pXRF analysers are a valuable tool to screen smelting slags for their chemical composition and to predict the likely contents of critical elements. Keywords: base metal slag, portable XRF, critical elements, secondary resource.

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