scholarly journals Latency-Aware DU/CU Placement in Convergent Packet-Based 5G Fronthaul Transport Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7429
Author(s):  
Mirosław Klinkowski
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Radio Access

The 5th generation mobile networks (5G) based on virtualized and centralized radio access networks will require cost-effective and flexible solutions for satisfying high-throughput and latency requirements. The next generation fronthaul interface (NGFI) architecture is one of the main candidates to achieve it. In the NGFI architecture, baseband processing is split and performed in radio (RU), distributed (DU), and central (CU) units. The mentioned entities are virtualized and performed on general-purpose processors forming a processing pool (PP) facility. Given that the location of PPs may be spread over the network and the PPs have limited capacity, it leads to the optimization problem concerning the placement of DUs and CUs. In the NGFI network scenario, the radio data between the RU, DU, CU, and a data center (DC)—in which the traffic is aggregated—are transmitted in the form of packets over a convergent packet-switched network. Because the packet transmission is nondeterministic, special attention should be put on ensuring the appropriate quality of service (QoS) levels for the latency-sensitive traffic flows. In this paper, we address the latency-aware DU and CU placement (LDCP) problem in NGFI. LDCP concerns the placement of DU/CU entities in PP nodes for a given set of demands assuming the QoS requirements of traffic flows that are related to their latency. To this end, we make use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) in order to formulate the LDCP optimization problem and to solve it. To assure that the latency requirements are satisfied, we apply a reliable latency model, which is included in the MILP model as a set of constraints. To assess the effectiveness of the MILP method and analyze the network performance, we run a broad set of experiments in different network scenarios.

scholarly journals Joint optimization of computing ratio and access points’ density for mixed mobile edge/cloud computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqi Jing ◽  
Shiwen He ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Yongming Huang ◽  
Luxi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Coverage Probability ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Mobile Cloud Computing ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Joint Optimization ◽  
Mobile Cloud ◽  
Convex Problem

AbstractCooperation between the mobile edge computing (MEC) and the mobile cloud computing (MCC) in offloading computing could improve quality of service (QoS) of user equipments (UEs) with computation-intensive tasks. In this paper, in order to minimize the expect charge, we focus on the problem of how to offload the computation-intensive task from the resource-scarce UE to access point’s (AP) and the cloud, and the density allocation of APs’ at mobile edge. We consider three offloading computing modes and focus on the coverage probability of each mode and corresponding ergodic rates. The resulting optimization problem is a mixed-integer and non-convex problem in the objective function and constraints. We propose a low-complexity suboptimal algorithm called Iteration of Convex Optimization and Nonlinear Programming (ICONP) to solve it. Numerical results verify the better performance of our proposed algorithm. Optimal computing ratios and APs’ density allocation contribute to the charge saving.

scholarly journals Quality of experience aware network selection model for service provisioning in heterogeneous network

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Nagaraja Gadde ◽  
Basavaraj Jakkali ◽  
Ramesh Babu Halasinanagenahalli Siddamallaih ◽  
Gowrishankar Gowrishankar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Multi Mode ◽  
Rat Selection

Heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) are capable of integrating the different radio access technologies that make it possible to connect mobile users based on the performance parameters. Further quality of service (QoS) is one of the major topics for HWNs, moreover existing radio access technology (RAT) methodology are designed to provide network QoS criteria. However, limited work has been carried out for the RAT selection mechanism considering user QoS preference and existing models are developed based on the multi-mode terminal under a given minimal density network. For overcoming research issues this paper present quality of experience (QoE) RAT (QOE-RAT) selection methodology, incorporating both network performance criteria and user preference considering multiple call and multi-mode HWNs environment. First, this paper presents fuzzy preference aware weight (FPAW) and multi-mode terminal preference aware TOPSIS (MMTPA-TOPSIS) for choosing the best RAT for gaining multi-services. Experiment outcomes show the QOE-RAT selection method achieves much superior packet transmission outcomes when compared with state-of-art Rat selection methodologies.

scholarly journals CrowdHeritage: Crowdsourcing for Improving the Quality of Cultural Heritage Metadata

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Eirini Kaldeli ◽  
Orfeas Menis-Mastromichalakis ◽  
Spyros Bekiaris ◽  
Maria Ralli ◽  
Vassilis Tzouvaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Metadata Enrichment ◽  
End To End

The lack of granular and rich descriptive metadata highly affects the discoverability and usability of cultural heritage collections aggregated and served through digital platforms, such as Europeana, thus compromising the user experience. In this context, metadata enrichment services through automated analysis and feature extraction along with crowdsourcing annotation services can offer a great opportunity for improving the metadata quality of digital cultural content in a scalable way, while at the same time engaging different user communities and raising awareness about cultural heritage assets. To address this need, we propose the CrowdHeritage open end-to-end enrichment and crowdsourcing ecosystem, which supports an end-to-end workflow for the improvement of cultural heritage metadata by employing crowdsourcing and by combining machine and human intelligence to serve the particular requirements of the cultural heritage domain. The proposed solution repurposes, extends, and combines in an innovative way general-purpose state-of-the-art AI tools, semantic technologies, and aggregation mechanisms with a novel crowdsourcing platform, so as to support seamless enrichment workflows for improving the quality of CH metadata in a scalable, cost-effective, and amusing way.

Very High Data Rate Support for Mobile Cloud Services Using SDN-Based Heterogeneous Carrier Aggregation

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 983-1011
Author(s):  
Dong Ha Kim ◽  
Cheolhoon Kim ◽  
Yumi Oh ◽  
Sungwon Lee ◽  
Seung Gwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Carrier Aggregation ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
5G Mobile Networks

Mobile traffic is currently the most important traffic on the Internet, both domestically and internationally. This is predominantly attributable to widespread cloud computing-based services on mobile networks. Fifth generation (5G) mobile networks are expected to comfortably accommodate this type of traffic by supporting 1,000 times faster speeds than conventional 4G. However, commercial implementation of 5G mobile is targeted for the year 2020. Therefore, interim accommodation approaches are needed. In essence, 5G mobile networks are an evolution of 4G in which a licensed spectrum that generates revenue from user data transfer is being considered. Consequently, more cost-effective methods that utilize the unlicensed spectrum are also desired. Meanwhile, concomitant with pursuit of miniaturization and reduction in weight, the number and types of network interfaces in recent mobile devices are increasing. We propose a method for carrier aggregation of multiple heterogeneous wireless links based on software-defined networking (SDN) that controls traffic and manages the wireless interfaces of mobile devices effectively when multiple radio access technologies are available. Evaluations conducted of the proposed method on an experimental testbed developed using the OpenStack cloud computing platform with aggregated multiple radio access technology environments indicate that it is feasible and provides higher data rate.

scholarly journals Optimal deterministic algorithm generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mitsos ◽  
Jaromił Najman ◽  
Ioannis G. Kevrekidis
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Algorithm Design ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Merit Function ◽  
Deterministic Algorithm ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Nonlinear Program ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Automated Generation

Abstract A formulation for the automated generation of algorithms via mathematical programming (optimization) is proposed. The formulation is based on the concept of optimizing within a parameterized family of algorithms, or equivalently a family of functions describing the algorithmic steps. The optimization variables are the parameters—within this family of algorithms—that encode algorithm design: the computational steps of which the selected algorithms consist. The objective function of the optimization problem encodes the merit function of the algorithm, e.g., the computational cost (possibly also including a cost component for memory requirements) of the algorithm execution. The constraints of the optimization problem ensure convergence of the algorithm, i.e., solution of the problem at hand. The formulation is described prototypically for algorithms used in solving nonlinear equations and in performing unconstrained optimization; the parametrized algorithm family considered is that of monomials in function and derivative evaluation (including negative powers). A prototype implementation in GAMS is provided along with illustrative results demonstrating cases for which well-known algorithms are shown to be optimal. The formulation is a mixed-integer nonlinear program. To overcome the multimodality arising from nonconvexity in the optimization problem, a combination of brute force and general-purpose deterministic global algorithms is employed to guarantee the optimality of the algorithm devised. We then discuss several directions towards which this methodology can be extended, their scope and limitations.

Challenges and issues in the development of the human healthcare system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhichao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity Ratio ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Accuracy Ratio ◽  
Integrated Delivery ◽  
Human Healthcare

The social health care system is a single-stop solution for overseas patients seeking worldwide. Human is linked to globally certified healthcare companies, clinics, dental centers, and allows patients to access the best medical care. The significant challenges in developing the human healthcare system include efficiency, security, and sustainable medical devices linked to the Internet. A healthcare system usually includes different intelligent technologies from various disciplines. This manuscript proposed a Virtual reality-based Integrated delivery model (VRIDS) for the healthcare system to minimize the challenges. This paper uses Exclusive Provider Organizations’ methods, Point-of-Service methods, for developing the human health system. VRIDS provides a Higher quality of care with more efficiency in tracking the body’s movements to view the human’s inner body and allow an immersion sensation. Finally, results from various patients and doctors are highly recommended in these techniques to improve the human healthcare system and a cost-effective system and convenience to patients and doctors. The experimental results have been performed, and the suggested VRIDS model enhances the accuracy ratio of 97.8%, sensitivity ratio of 98.2%, decision-making level 96.5%, network performance ratio of 97.1%, and quality of service of 98.3% compared to other existing methods.

scholarly journals The Effect of Overlapping Area on Ping-Pong Handover in LTE Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Kinan Ghanem ◽  
Haysam Al-Radwan ◽  
Ahmad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ping Pong

Handover (HO) technique in LTE networks suffers from Ping-pong movement. Ping-pong HO can reduce the quality of the mobile user’s connection and increases the numbers of handovers which in turn raises the network load and generally degrades the network performance.   The work aims to present a novel approach to reduce the undesirable effects of ping-pong HO in LTE Mobile Networks using timer. The study focused on the ping-ping phenomenon taking into account maintained the dropped calls rates at lowest levels. The optimal timer values are determined based on the width of overlapping area, user velocity and type of eNodeB.  Analyzed results showed that the changes of overlapping area directly affect the timer values of the proposed algorithm. Optimal timer value should be selected precisely according to the width of the overlapping area, user velocity and timer value in order to reduce the ping-pong HO.

scholarly journals A Mobile Network Planning Tool Based on Data Analytics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Moysen ◽  
Lorenza Giupponi ◽  
Josep Mangues-Bafalluy
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Physical Resource Block ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Planning future mobile networks entails multiple challenges due to the high complexity of the network to be managed. Beyond 4G and 5G networks are expected to be characterized by a high densification of nodes and heterogeneity of layers, applications, and Radio Access Technologies (RAT). In this context, a network planning tool capable of dealing with this complexity is highly convenient. The objective is to exploit the information produced by and already available in the network to properly deploy, configure, and optimise network nodes. This work presents such a smart network planning tool that exploits Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The proposed approach is able to predict the Quality of Service (QoS) experienced by the users based on the measurement history of the network. We select Physical Resource Block (PRB) per Megabit (Mb) as our main QoS indicator to optimise, since minimizing this metric allows offering the same service to users by consuming less resources, so, being more cost-effective. Two cases of study are considered in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, one to smartly plan the small cell deployment in a dense indoor scenario and a second one to timely face a detected fault in a macrocell network.

scholarly journals Performance Model for Factory Automation in 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiao wang ◽  
Jay Weitzen ◽  
Oguz Bayat ◽  
Volkan Sevindik ◽  
Mingzhe Li
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Factory Automation ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Radio Access

Abstract The fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks is emerging as a key enabler of modern factory automation (FA) applications that ensure timely and reliable data exchange between network components. Network slicing (NS), which shares an underlying infrastructure with different applications and ensures application isolation, is the key 5G technology to support the diverse quality of service requirements of modern FA applications. In this article, an end-to-end NS solution is proposed for FA applications in a 5G network. Regression approaches are used to construct a performance model for each slice to map the service level agreement to the network attributes. Interference coordination approaches for switched beam systems are proposed to optimize radio access network performance models. A case study of a non-public network is used to show the proposed NS approach.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Construction of User Utility Functions from Radio Connection Traces in LTE

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Antonio J. García ◽  
Carolina Gijón ◽  
Matías Toril ◽  
Salvador Luna-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Qoe Model ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the number of services in mobile networks has increased exponentially. This increase has forced operators to change their network management processes to ensure an adequate Quality of Experience (QoE). A key component in QoE management is the availability of a precise QoE model for every service that reflects the impact of network performance variations on the end-user experience. In this work, an automatic method is presented for deriving Quality-of-Service (QoS) thresholds in analytical QoE models of several services from radio connection traces collected in an Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. Such QoS thresholds reflect the minimum connection performance below which a user gives up its connection. The proposed method relies on the fact that user experience influences the traffic volume requested by users. Method assessment is performed with real connection traces taken from live LTE networks. Results confirm that packet delay or user throughput are critical factors for user experience in the analyzed services.

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