scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Surface Water and Groundwater Interactions Induced by Complex Fluvial Landforms and Human Activities in the Pingtung Plain Groundwater Basin, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7152
Author(s):  
Quoc-Dung Tran ◽  
Chuen-Fa Ni ◽  
I-Hsien Lee ◽  
Minh-Hoang Truong ◽  
Chien-Jung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Water Budgets ◽  
Pingtung Plain ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Groundwater Basin

The landforms and human activities play important roles in quantifying surface water and groundwater interactions (SGIs) for water resources management. The study uses the groundwater and surface water flow (GSFLOW) model to quantify the dynamics of SGIs in the Pingtung Plain groundwater basin (PPGB) in southern Taiwan. Specifically, the study uses a physical-based numerical model to quantify the spatial and seasonal variations of water cycles influenced by complex fluvial landform conditions and human activities. Results of the model calibrations show good agreement with the data obtained from the available groundwater monitoring network and the selected stream stations. The basin-scale water budgets show highly nonuniform precipitation in the study area, and over 80% annual precipitation is from wet seasons in the PPGB. With high permeable surficial deposits in the PPGB, the year-averaged surface runoff and infiltration are approximately 57% and 40% of the total precipitation. The fluvial landforms with the high slope in the PPGB lead to 70% of annual surface runoff that becomes the streamflow, and the interflow dominates water interactions near streambeds. Results show that the interflow rate in the wet seasons is 200% more than that in the dry seasons. The net groundwater discharge to the streams is relatively small as compared to the interflow. Only 10% of the river flow is from the net groundwater discharge. In the PPGB, The pumping-induced variations of groundwater levels are insignificant as compared with the factor of the natural landforms. Because of the relatively small area of the proposed artificial lake, the contribution of the artificial lake on the local water budgets is insignificant, indicating the low impact of the artificial recharge lake on the surface water environment.

Characterising the role of heterogeneity on surface water-groundwater interaction in the Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers of the Eden Valley, NW England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Colyer ◽  
Adrian Butler ◽  
Denis Peach ◽  
Andrew Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Triassic Sandstone

<p>The Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers of the Eden Valley, Cumbria UK, are a key water resource for public water supply in NW England as well as local agriculture and industries. Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers are characterised as having large storage capacities and moderate transmissivities, however, in the Eden Valley these characteristics vary greatly on a range of scales i.e. granulation seams (deformation bands) that are millimetres thick but have been shown to extend for hundreds of metres on analogous sandstones; silicified layers that are several metres thick and extending 10s to 100s of metres laterally; and lithological variation and faulting have been shown to juxtapose hydrogeological units with different hydraulic properties. Complex heterogeneous superficial deposits overlay 75% of the Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers and comprise glacial till, glacio-fluvial outwash deposits, river terrace deposits and alluvium. The lateral and vertical continuity of these superficial deposits is highly uncertain.</p><p> </p><p>The complex geological and superficial deposits in the Eden Valley impose a control on flow processes and impact sub-surface runoff. Specifically, lenses of high conductivity sands and gravels within low conductivity clay till deposits coupled with the presence of low conductivity strata at ground level suggests that indirect recharge is an important sub-surface runoff component. Therefore, the magnitude and location of recharge to the Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers is highly uncertain. Published recharge estimates rely on baseflow separation techniques and thus do not distinguish between indirect and direct recharge. This highlights the uncertainty regarding the sub-surface flow processes active in the Eden Valley.</p><p> </p><p>A methodology for characterizing the surface water – groundwater interaction spatially and temporally in an ungauged upland sub-catchment is presented.</p><p> </p><p>A non-invasive approach has been implemented to investigate the relationship between the surface water and groundwater systems in the Eden Valley. This involved the design and installation of low-cost ultrasonic sensors that measure stream stage. The sensors have been installed at key locations within sub-catchments that incorporate limestone pavements, geological contacts and along fault trends in the headwaters of the Eden Valley. Flow gauging has been conducted along the reach of these streams to investigate the spatial variation in discharge. Data from the low-cost sensors and flow gauging have been used to estimate the magnitude of volumetric water exchange between the surface water and groundwater systems, as well as characterise this relationship spatially and temporally.</p><p> </p><p>The thickness and composition of the superficial deposits along these stream reaches will be investigated via passive seismic survey. The superficial investigation and the volumetric water balance will be used to estimate indirect recharge in the upper Eden catchment. The results of which will be compared to localised recharge estimates calculated from groundwater level timeseries. This comparison will indicate the importance of indirect recharge within sub-surface runoff processes.</p><p> </p><p>This ongoing research is a vital step in quantifying the relationship between the surface water and groundwater systems in a complex upland catchment. A knowledge of the active sub-surface runoff processes highlighted are key for reliably assessing the long-term security of groundwater resources in the Eden Valley.</p>

scholarly journals Studying groundwater and surface water interactions using airborne remote sensing in Heihe River basin, northwest China

2015 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 361-365
Author(s):  
C. Liu ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
C. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract. Managing surface water and groundwater as a unified system is important for water resource exploitation and aquatic ecosystem conservation. The unified approach to water management needs accurate characterization of surface water and groundwater interactions. Temperature is a natural tracer for identifying surface water and groundwater interactions, and the use of remote sensing techniques facilitates basin-scale temperature measurement. This study focuses on the Heihe River basin, the second largest inland river basin in the arid and semi-arid northwest of China where surface water and groundwater undergoes dynamic exchanges. The spatially continuous river-surface temperature of the midstream section of the Heihe River was obtained by using an airborne pushbroom hyperspectral thermal sensor system. By using the hot spot analysis toolkit in the ArcGIS software, abnormally cold water zones were identified as indicators of the spatial pattern of groundwater discharge to the river.

scholarly journals Integrated Surface Water and Groundwater Analysis under the Effects of Climate Change, Hydraulic Fracturing and its Associated Activities: A Case Study from Northwestern Alberta, Canada

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Gopal Chandra Saha ◽  
Michael Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Simulation Results

This study assessed how hydraulic fracturing (HF) (water withdrawals from nearby river water source) and its associated activities (construction of well pads) would affect surface water and groundwater in 2021–2036 under changing climate (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios of the CanESM2) in a shale gas and oil play area (23,984.9 km2) of northwestern Alberta, Canada. An integrated hydrologic model (MIKE-SHE and MIKE-11 models), and a cumulative effects landscape simulator (ALCES) were used for this assessment. The simulation results show an increase in stream flow and groundwater discharge in 2021–2036 under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios with respect to those under the base modeling period (2000–2012). This occurs because of the increased precipitation and temperature predicted in the study area under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results found that HF has very small (less than 1%) subtractive impacts on stream flow in 2021–2036 because of the large size of the study area, although groundwater discharge would increase minimally (less than 1%) due to the increase in the gradient between groundwater and surface water systems. The simulation results also found that the construction of well pads related to HF have very small (less than 1%) additive impacts on stream flow and groundwater discharge due to the non-significant changes in land use. The obtained results from this study provide valuable information for effective long-term water resources decision making in terms of seasonal and annual water extractions from the river, and allocation of water to the oil and gas industries for HF in the study area to meet future energy demand considering future climate change.

Upscaling riparian lowland buffer zone flow dynamics in the Danish nitrogen model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Noorduijn ◽  
Anker Højberg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Reduction Capacity

<p>The importance of riparian lowland buffer zones on surface and ground-water quality has recently received greater attention within Denmark. Significant funding has been made available to re-establish riparian lowlands to reduce nitrate loading to streams, as well as reducing GHG emissions. Surface water nitrate loads are currently estimated using the national nitrogen model, the scale of this model is unable to capture the flow dynamics of small-scale riparian lowlands. Therefore, the model is unable to account for the spatial and temporal variation in the nitrate reduction in the riparian lowlands. Consequently, the current focus is on upscaling the hydrological impacts of riparian lowlands so they may be incorporated into the national scale model in a consistent and transparent way.</p><p>Key to quantifying the impacts of riparian lowlands on the surface water nitrate loading is partitioning flow pathways, e.g., surface runoff, groundwater discharge, and drain flow. For example, the likelihood of nitrate reduction within a riparian lowland dominated by surface runoff is low, conversely if groundwater discharge dominants the likelihood is higher. Determining a relationship between the small-scale riparian flow pathways and larger scale landscape features, such as drainage area, slope, and aquifer geometry, may provide a means to upscale and quantify the reduction capacity of a lowland riparian zone.</p><p>Numerous field scale riparian lowland investigations have focused on describing the hydraulic processes, but very few investigations have attempted to quantify the flow pathways and/or provide insight into how this information may be used at a larger scale. This investigation will aim to simulate and quantify the observed flow pathways at the field scale for two field sites in Jutland (Fensholt and Holtum), Denmark. These simulations will aid in identifying the keys landscape features which can be used to determine the reduction capacity of riparian lowlands at the national scale.</p>

scholarly journals Joint Operation of Surface Water and Groundwater Reservoirs to Address Water Conflicts in Arid Regions: An Integrated Modeling Study

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tian ◽  
Jianzhi Xiong ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Xuehui Pi ◽  
Shijie Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Integrated Modeling ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Joint Operation ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Impact

At the basin scale, the operation of surface water reservoirs rarely takes groundwater aquifers into consideration, which can also be regarded as reservoirs underground. This study investigates the impact of reservoir operation on the water cycle and evaluates the effect of the joint operation of surface water and groundwater reservoirs on the water conflict in arid regions through an integrated modeling approach. The Heihe River Basin (HRB) in northwestern China is selected as the study area. Our results show that the ecological operational strategies of a reservoir under construction in the upper HRB have a direct impact on the agricultural water uses and consequently affect other hydrological processes. The ecological operation strategy with a smaller water release and a longer duration is beneficial to securing the environmental flow towards the downstream area and to replenishing aquifers. With the joint operation of surface water and groundwater reservoirs, a balance among the agriculture water need, the groundwater sustainability in the Middle HRB and the ecological water need in the Lower HRB can be flexibly achieved. However, the joint operation can hardly improve the three aspects simultaneously. To resolve the water conflict in HRB, additional engineering and/or policy measures are desired.

scholarly journals Using Stable Water Isotopes to Evaluate Basin-Scale Simulations of Surface Water Budgets

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Henderson-Sellers ◽  
K. McGuffie ◽  
D. Noone ◽  
P. Irannejad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Water Budgets ◽  
Basin Scale
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