scholarly journals Blockchain and IoT Convergence—A Systematic Survey on Technologies, Protocols and Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6749
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pieroni ◽  
Noemi Scarpato ◽  
Lorenzo Felli
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) as a concept is fascinating and exciting, with an exponential growth just beginning. The IoT global market is expected to grow from 170 billion USD in 2017 to 560 billion USD by 2022. Though many experts have pegged IoT as the next industrial revolution, two of the major challenging aspects of IoT since the early days are having a secure privacy-safe ecosystem encompassing all building blocks of IoT architecture and solve the scalability problem as the number of devices increases. In recent years, Distributed Ledgers have often been referred to as the solution for both privacy and security problems. One form of distributed ledger is the Blockchain system. The aim of this paper consists of reviewing the most recent Blockchain architectures, comparing the most interesting and popular consensus algorithms, and evaluating the convergence between Blockchain and IoT by illustrating some of the main interesting projects in this research field. Furthermore, the paper provides a vision of a disruptive research topic that the authors are investigating: the use of AI algorithms to be applied to IoT devices belonging to a Blockchain architecture. This obviously requires that the devices be provided with adequate computational capacity and that can efficiently optimize their energy consumption.

scholarly journals The OLYMPUS Architecture—Oblivious Identity Management for Private User-Friendly Services

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Torres Moreno ◽  
Jorge Bernal Bernabe ◽  
Jesús García Rodríguez ◽  
Tore Kasper Frederiksen ◽  
Michael Stausholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques ◽  
Identity Provider

Privacy enhancing technologies (PETs) allow to achieve user’s transactions unlinkability across different online Service Providers. However, current PETs fail to guarantee unlinkability against the Identity Provider (IdP), which becomes a single point of failure in terms of privacy and security, and therefore, might impersonate its users. To address this issue, OLYMPUS EU project establishes an interoperable framework of technologies for a distributed privacy-preserving identity management based on cryptographic techniques that can be applied both to online and offline scenarios. Namely, distributed cryptographic techniques based on threshold cryptography are used to split up the role of the Identity Provider (IdP) into several authorities so that a single entity is not able to impersonate or track its users. The architecture leverages PET technologies, such as distributed threshold-based signatures and privacy attribute-based credentials (p-ABC), so that the signed tokens and the ABC credentials are managed in a distributed way by several IdPs. This paper describes the Olympus architecture, including its associated requirements, the main building blocks and processes, as well as the associated use cases. In addition, the paper shows how the Olympus oblivious architecture can be used to achieve privacy-preserving M2M offline transactions between IoT devices.

A Survey of Authentication Schemes in the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Labiod ◽  
Abdelaziz Amara Korba ◽  
Nacira Ghoualmi-Zine
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Authentication Schemes ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely deployed in different daily life aspects such as home automation, electronic health, the electric grid, etc. Nevertheless, the IoT paradigm raises major security and privacy issues. To secure the IoT devices, many research works have been conducted to counter those issues and discover a better way to remove those risks, or at least reduce their effects on the user's privacy and security requirements. This article mainly focuses on a critical review of the recent authentication techniques for IoT devices. First, this research presents a taxonomy of the current cryptography-based authentication schemes for IoT. In addition, this is followed by a discussion of the limitations, advantages, objectives, and attacks supported of current cryptography-based authentication schemes. Finally, the authors make in-depth study on the most relevant authentication schemes for IoT in the context of users, devices, and architecture that are needed to secure IoT environments and that are needed for improving IoT security and items to be addressed in the future.

IoT ecosystem faces fragmented future

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Subject IoT ecosystem. Significance The market for the Internet of Things (IoT) or connected devices is expanding rapidly, with no manufacturer currently forecast to dominate the supply chain. This has fragmented the emerging IoT ecosystem, triggering questions about interoperability and cybersecurity of IoT devices. Impacts Firms in manufacturing, transportation and logistics and utilities are expected to see the highest IoT spending in coming years. The pace of IoT adoption is inextricably linked to that of related technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Data privacy and security will be the greatest constraint to IoT adoption.

scholarly journals Russian Aviation Industry as a Driver of Innovative Economic Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Zaharchenko ◽  
Oksana Chepinoga ◽  
Natalya Epova
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
The Government ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the current context, innovation development is particularly relevant. Russia is an outsider in the global market of high-technology products, but the government is taking active steps to develop an innovative economy. The article provides a brief description of the theory of innovation and assesses the position of Russia among other countries at the current stage of innovative development. The paper emphasizes the importance of the government in building a national system of innovation and the need for the companies in this business field to be proactive. The importance for the Russian economy to find its own way of innovation development is emphasized. Aircraft industry which creates sophisticated, science-intensive products is reviewed as an example of the most promising in this aspect of the industry. The authors substantiate the choice of the Internet of Things technology as a base for the development of innovations in the industry, considering it to be a key phenomenon in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and propose a universal algorithm for the use of this technology at the company level. The article provides examples of the introduction of the Internet of Things in the global aviation industry and the ways of applying them in Russia.

scholarly journals Securing Environmental IoT Data Using Masked Authentication Messaging Protocol in a DAG-Based Blockchain: IOTA Tangle

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Pranav Gangwani ◽  
Alexander Perez-Pons ◽  
Tushar Bhardwaj ◽  
Himanshu Upadhyay ◽  
Santosh Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Digital Monitoring ◽  
Iot Devices

The demand for the digital monitoring of environmental ecosystems is high and growing rapidly as a means of protecting the public and managing the environment. However, before data, algorithms, and models can be mobilized at scale, there are considerable concerns associated with privacy and security that can negatively affect the adoption of technology within this domain. In this paper, we propose the advancement of electronic environmental monitoring through the capability provided by the blockchain. The blockchain’s use of a distributed ledger as its underlying infrastructure is an attractive approach to counter these privacy and security issues, although its performance and ability to manage sensor data must be assessed. We focus on a new distributed ledger technology for the IoT, called IOTA, that is based on a directed acyclic graph. IOTA overcomes the current limitations of the blockchain and offers a data communication protocol called masked authenticated messaging for secure data sharing among Internet of Things (IoT) devices. We show how the application layer employing the data communication protocol, MAM, can support the secure transmission, storage, and retrieval of encrypted environmental sensor data by using an immutable distributed ledger such as that shown in IOTA. Finally, we evaluate, compare, and analyze the performance of the MAM protocol against a non-protocol approach.

Blockchain With the Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-228
Author(s):  
Kamalendu Pal
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The internet of things (IoT) is ushering a new age of technology-driven automation of information systems into the manufacturing industry. One of the main concerns with IoT systems is the lack of privacy and security preserving schemes for controlling access and ensuring the safety of the data. Many security issues arise because of the centralized architecture of IoT-based information systems. Another concern is the lack of appropriate authentication and access control schemes to moderate the access to information generated by the IoT devices in the manufacturing industry. Hence, the question that arises is how to ensure the identity of the manufacturing machinery or the communication nodes. This chapter presents the advantages of blockchain technology to secure the operation of the modern manufacturing industry in a trustless environment with IoT applications. The chapter reviews the challenges and threats in IoT applications and how integration with blockchain can resolve some of the manufacturing enterprise information systems (EIS).

scholarly journals A Scalable Block Chain Framework for User Identity Management in a Decentralized Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha R ◽  
T. Padmavathy ◽  
G.Umarani Srika
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Explicit Consent ◽  
Identity Management System ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
High Level

Abstract In a decentralized network every user makes use of personal identity details at different places for various services and these details are shared with third-parties without their consent and stored at an unknown location. Organizations like government, banks and social platforms are considered to be the weakest point in the current identity management system as they are vulnerable which leads to compromising billions of user identity data. Block chain based User Identity Management is a solution which provides a decentralized environment that manages the user identity data and their related Know-Your-Customer (KYC) documents in a distributed ledger. All the transactions of the network are stored in the block which is a type of a data structure and these blocks are validated using the powerful consensus algorithms and linked to form a block chain. Smart contracts will act as an interface between the client and the block chain network. User’s information cannot be provided to any third party vendors without the explicit consent of the user. This paper proposes a framework for User Identity Management using Block chain technology in a decentralized Network. The proposed framework ensures a high level privacy and security for the personal identity details and the documents. In addition to that the performance analysis of the framework is presented in terms of Transaction, Mining Resource and Difficulty Variation.

scholarly journals Internet of things (IoT): a technology review, security issues, threats, and open challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Alaa Ahmed Abbood ◽  
Qahtan Makki Shallal ◽  
Mohammed A. Fadhel
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Technology Review

<p><span>Internet of Things (IoT) devices are spread in different areas such as e-tracking, e-commerce, e-home, and e-health, etc. Thus, during the last ten years, the internet of things technology (IoT) has been a research focus. Both privacy and security are the key concerns for the applications of IoT, and still face a huge number of challenges. There are many elements used to run the IoT technology which include hardware and software such as sensors, GPS, cameras, applications, and so forth. In this paper, we have analyzed and explain the technology of IoT along with its elements, security features, security issues, and threats that attached to each layer of IoT to guide the consideration of researchers into solve and understand the most serious problems in IoT environment.</span></p>

scholarly journals Survey of distributed ledger technology integration challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Maria Gorbunova ◽  
Aleksandr Ometov ◽  
Mikhail Komarov ◽  
Sergey Bezzateev
Keyword(s):  
Technology Integration ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Scalability

Introduction: Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is one of the most significant fields covering various aspects of modern ICT systems. Centralized systems of today can no longer guarantee the required level of availability and reliability, while broadly available distributed ones are still in the infancy. Purpose: Analysis of the applicability of DLT to various industries such as economics, energy, finance, logistics, and the Internet of Things. Results: The article outlines the main challenges of the DLT technology integration, such as the lack of a unified system for data storage, the need to ensure an appropriate level of data confidentiality, integration into the existing competency systems, the issues of а distributed system interaction with resource-constrained IoT devices, the lack of proper management tools for distributed systems, and network scalability. The main contribution of this paper is a systematic overview of the integration challenges followed by potential solutions and future perspectives.

Securing IoT Applications Using Blockchain

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-83
Author(s):  
Sreelakshmi K. K. ◽  
Ashutosh Bhatia ◽  
Ankit Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Smart Computing ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Remarkable Progress

The internet of things (IoT) has become a guiding technology behind automation and smart computing. One of the major concerns with the IoT systems is the lack of privacy and security preserving schemes for controlling access and ensuring the security of the data. A majority of security issues arise because of the centralized architecture of IoT systems. Another concern is the lack of proper authentication and access control schemes to moderate access to information generated by the IoT devices. So the question that arises is how to ensure the identity of the equipment or the communicating node. The answer to secure operations in a trustless environment brings us to the decentralized solution of Blockchain. A lot of research has been going on in the area of convergence of IoT and Blockchain, and it has resulted in some remarkable progress in addressing some of the significant issues in the IoT arena. This work reviews the challenges and threats in the IoT environment and how integration with Blockchain can resolve some of them.

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