scholarly journals Human Cognitive and Motor Abilities in the Aging Workforce: An Information-Based Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5958
Author(s):  
Salvatore Digiesi ◽  
Daniela Cavallo ◽  
Andrea Lucchese ◽  
Carlotta Mummolo
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Workforce Aging ◽  
And Performance

In the digital society, individuals are in charge of performing tasks based on the information gathered by huge amount of data and effectively use them to manifest their cognitive and motor abilities. In this paper, on the basis of experimental studies available in literature concerning lab tests on motor or cognitive abilities of differently aged subjects, an information-based theoretical model is proposed. The model allows to quantify the information content of a motor or a cognitive task and provides estimates of information processing time of individuals of different age and sex in accomplishing tasks with prevalent motor or cognitive nature, in spite of the fact that a “pure” cognitive or a “pure” motor task are rarely observed in practical cases. The model is then applied to a case study from automotive industry in which workforce aging phenomenon is experienced. Potential applications of the model go beyond the case study developed. Quantifying the information content of a general motor-cognitive task paves the way to new understanding and modelling of movements and performance time of both natural and artificial systems with applications in industrial robotics (e.g., human-robot cooperation), biomechanics, and neurorehabilitation.

A Theory for Predicting Ability/Skill Relations: An Approach from Automatic and Controlled Processing

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 919-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Resource Characteristics ◽  
And Task

The basic phenomena from studies relating Individual differences in cognitive and perceptual-motor abilities to skill development are investigated. A general theory is provided for predicting patterns of correlations between ability measures and performance scores during training. The theory is based on two major perspectives, Automatic and Controlled Processing types and modern hierarchical theories of cognitive abilities. Additional attention is devoted to Performance-Resource characteristics, task difficulty and task content. A short review of supporting data is also provided.

Sentence production in Parkinson disease: Effects of conceptual and task complexity

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELLE S. TROCHE ◽  
LORI J. P. ALTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Sentence Generation ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTExperimental studies of sentence production in Parkinson disease (PD) are rare. This study examined the relationship between cognitive abilities and performance on two sentence production tasks, sentence repetition, and sentence generation, in which complexity was manipulated. Thirty-eight older adults aged 60 to 85, half with PD, completed the two language tasks plus a cognitive battery. Participants with PD performed more poorly in the repetition task overall, especially in fluency, but differences were no longer significant once cognitive ability was controlled. In contrast, on the sentence generation task the PD group was significantly impaired on all language dimensions and overall performance. Although cognitive ability accounted for significant variance in all measures of sentence generation, the PD group remained significantly impaired when these factors were controlled. These findings suggest that, although language production is influenced by cognitive abilities, it can be significantly impaired in PD over and above the effects of differences in cognitive abilities.

scholarly journals Discrepancies in Objective and Subjective Fine Motor Abilities in Octogenarians

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 846-846
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Braungart Fauth ◽  
Andrew Hooyman ◽  
Sydney Schaefer ◽  
Anna Hall ◽  
Marie Ernsth-Bravell
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Older individuals may have discrepancies between self-reported and performance-based abilities on activities of daily living (ADL). We examined objective and self-reported fine motor abilities (FMA). FMA are required for many ADLs, but are examined less frequently than gross-motor tasks in this population. We used two waves of the population-based OCTO-Twin study including mono-/dizygotic Swedish twins, aged 80+. One twin was randomly selected for analyses (baseline N=262; wave 2 N=198; Meanage =83.27; SDage=2.90; 66.4% female). Participants self-reported their ability to manipulate things with hands (cannot do, some problem, no problem) and completed a timed FMA assessment including five everyday tasks (e.g. inserting a key in a lock). Slow performance was coded as 1+ SD from the mean (=80+ seconds). At baseline, 65.8% of slow performers reported ‘no problems’ with hand manipulation. Over two waves (two years), a two-factor ANOVA (including slowness-by-perception interaction) supported a significant difference in total motor task performance between slow performers reporting ‘no problems’ and fast performers reporting ‘no problems’, for both rate of change (diff = -26 seconds, p<.0001) and wave 2 level (diff = 50 seconds, p < .0001). 82% of slow performers at wave 2 reported ‘no problems’, which is surprising given that they had become even slower over the past two years. Findings suggest that objective FMA measures are needed, as self-report is inaccurate and not prognostic. Future work will examine if discrepancies in performance/perceived FMA predict poorer outcomes, and/or if reporting ‘no problems’ despite slower performance is protective against cognitive adaptation to slowing.

Effects of Matching Cognitive and Perceptual-Motor Training to Task Components on Complex Task Performance by Older and Younger Adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry E. Mead ◽  
Arthur D. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Automatic Teller Machine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Matching Type

The present study investigated the type of information that should be presented during training in order to maximize the performance of older and younger adults on complex, realistic tasks. This study compares the effects of emphasizing concepts or actions during training on both immediate performance and performance after a one-month delay. Participants completed one of two tutorials for operating a computer-simulated automatic teller machine. One tutorial presented conceptual information at each system state (Concept Training). The other indicated the target object on-screen and required activation of the correct ATM simulator control (Action Training). Participants performed 20 transactions following training and 20 transactions following a one-month retention interval. Older Action trainees showed higher accuracy on perceptual-motor task components than did older Concept trainees. Older Concept trainees showed higher accuracy on cognitive task components than did older Action trainees. Younger adults showed no training group differences. Results suggest that matching type of training to task components may be especially important for older adults and that qualitatively different recommendations may result from testing older and younger adults.

IMAGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA IN THE MEDIA VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT (BASED ON CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NEWS PUBLICATIONS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
LARISA ZAITSEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Political News ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Number Of Publications

The territorial image is formed both purposefully by the subjects of image-making, and spontaneously-based on the influence of information content published in various media. The purpose of the research is to analyze the image of the Republic of Mordovia in the information space of the Volga Federal district. The image of the territory formed by external target audiences by means of news materials is studied using the method of case study and content analysis of publications: “Volga news”, “Federal Press” news of the PFD, “Pravda PFD”. The authors conclude that modern reality is perceived through the prism of the information field created by mass media. The media creates images filled with certain data, facts, colored by emotions, on the basis of which representations, opinions, judgments, and assessments are subsequently formed. The media play a significant role in shaping the territorial image, especially for external target audiences who are not familiar with the region and do not have their own assessment knowledge and experience. Most of the information content about the Republic in the studied media is related to the main thematic blocks: politics, economy, social sphere, culture (art, sports). Moreover, if in the publications “Volga news” and “Pravda PFD” mention of the region prevails in the economic block, then in the publications “Federal Press” and “Nezavisimaya Gazeta” - in the political one. The Volga news publication significantly dominates the rest in terms of the number of publications about Mordovia. The content of publications is mostly positive and neutral related to the issues of economic development of the territory and the preparation and holding of the world football championship. Pravda PFD mentions the Republic in the context of news from neighboring territories, most of the publications date back to 2018, but here the context is related to the Republic's positions among the regions of the PFD in various ratings. The publication “Federal-Press” forms a generally reflective image of the territory, focusing on the negative aspects of regional life. “Nezavisimaya Gazeta”, giving priority to political news, maintains a neutral and reflective context of publications, paying attention to the key problems of the territory. Thus, the desired image of the region is counter-dictated to the image broadcast by the media through various information channels, so it is necessary to constantly monitor the information space and timely correction of the broadcast materials.

Theoretizing A New Sustainable Business Event: Extension of Mair and Jago Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Norol Hamiza Zamzuri ◽  
Khairil Wahidin Awang ◽  
Yuhanis Abdul Aziz ◽  
Zaiton Samdin
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Business Events ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Event Based

The growth of the event sector is underpinned by the demand of organizing a business event.  Thus, it leads to an increase in economic and social impact. However, the problems from the growth of this sector potentially results from the use of several event materials, transportation and infrastructure development.  Organizing a green event is seen as one of the strategies to reduce the environmental impact.  Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the issues involved throughout the process of greening an event by applying Mair and Jago Model.  Semi-structured interviews were conducted with event managers from six Malaysia business event companies that encourage green practices during their event.  Findings suggest that impact, initiative, support and performance motivates event organizers in organizing a green event.  It has also been found that knowledge, resources and behaviour are the barriers faced by event organizers throughout the process of organizing a green event.  Based on the findings it appears that two important factors have emerged from the data collection and analysis that showed a deviation from the Mair and Jago Model, namely “impact” for the motivation element and “support” for the barrier element.  The main limitation of this study was the scope of the study; as it only focuses on business events.  However, as the main purpose of this study is to explore the issues of organizing a green event, it has been found that there are other issues need to be explored in other contexts and geographical area.  Apart from this, as this is a case study, it can only replicate according to the circumstances of this case study. However, this study can be generalized in terms of the theory that has emerged from it.  It is suggested that further research should explore more issues in other contexts and geographical areas. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document