scholarly journals Performance In-Live of Marine Engines: A Tool for Its Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5707
Author(s):  
Matteo Dodero ◽  
Serena Bertagna ◽  
Alberto Marino’ ◽  
Vittorio Bucci
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Generator Sets

Currently, most ships use internal combustion engines (ICEs) either as propulsion engines or generator sets. The growing concern in environmental protection along with the consequent international rule framework motivated shipowners and designers to replace conventional power systems in order to mitigate pollutant emissions. Therefore, manufacturers have made available on the market many technological solutions to use alternative fuels (Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG, methanol, etc.). However, the main energy source is still fossil fuel, so almost all the ICEs are made up of turbocharged diesel engines (TDEs). TDEs have still the potential to improve their efficiency and reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In particular, the interpretation of Industry 4.0 given by manufacturers enabled the installation of a robust network of sensors on TDEs, which is able to allow reliable power management systems and make ships much more efficient regarding operating costs (fuel consumption and maintenance) and environmental footprint. In this paper, a software tool that is capable of processing the in-live performance of TDEs is described. The great novelty consists in the ability to process all the information detected by the sensor network in-live and dynamically optimize TDEs’ operation, whereas the common practice involves the collection of performance data and their off-line processing.

scholarly journals Analysis of pollutant emissions from marine engines when burning traditional and alternative fuels

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Г.В. Черкаев
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Calculation Results

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с анализом достоинств и недостатков различных видов альтернативных топлив. Эти топлива могут применяться на судах различного назначения со средне- и высокооборотными дизельными двигателями. Наиболее актуальной альтернативой для полной или частичной замены жидкого нефтяного топлива является биотопливо. Особое внимание уделено микроводорослям, темпы роста которых значительно выше, чем у выращиваемых наземных культур. Рассматриваются такие виды альтернативных топлив, как биодизель, биоэтанол, биогаз, растительное масло, пиролизное масло, биобутанол, диметиловый эфир. Показано, что для расчета количества выбросов загрязняющих веществ, выделяющихся при сжигании биотоплив в судовых ДВС, может подойти модель «черного ящика». Зная основные физико-химические свойства топлива (теплотворная способность, плотность, вязкость, содержание кислорода и др.), можно оценить расход топлива, определить выбросы углекислого газа. Представлены результаты расчетов выбросов загрязняющих веществ при сжигании биотоплив. В итоге все полученные результаты могут быть переведены в условные единицы и пересчитаны в эквиваленты выбрасываемых парниковых газов. The article discusses issues related to the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various types of alternative fuels. These fuels can be used on ships for various purposes equipped with MSD and HSD engines. Biofuels are the most relevant alternative for the complete or partial replacement of liquid fuel oil. Particular attention is paid to microalgae, the growth rate of which is much higher than that of grown terrestrial crops. These types of alternative fuels are considered as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, vegetable oil, pyrolysis oil, biobutanol, dimethyl ether, etc. It is shown that the “black box” model may be suitable for calculating the amount of pollutant emissions released during the combustion of biofuels in ship internal combustion engines. Knowing the basic physicochemical properties of fuel (calorific value, density, viscosity, oxygen content, etc.), it is possible to estimate fuel consumption and determine CO2emissions. The calculation results of pollutant emissions from biofuel combustion are presented. As a result, all the results obtained can be converted into conventional units and recalculated into the equivalents of the emitted greenhouse gases.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Bio-Diesel as an Alternative Diesel Engine Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiddha Palit ◽  
Bijan Kumar Mandal ◽  
Sudip Ghosh ◽  
Arup Jyoti Bhowal
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ic Engines

Fast depletion of the conventional petroleum-based fossil fuel reserves and the detrimental effects of the pollutant emissions associated with the combustion of these fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines propelled the exploration and development of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel has been identified as one of the most promising alternative fuels for IC engines. This paper discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel vis-a-vis the conventional petro-diesel and presents the energetic performances and emission characteristics of CI engine using biodiesel and biodiesel-petrodiesel blends as fuels. An overview of the current research works carried out by several researchers has been presented in brief. A review of the performance analysis suggests that biodiesel and its blends with conventional diesel have comparable brake thermal efficiencies. The energy balance studies show that biodiesel returns more than 3 units of energy for each unit used in its production. However, the brake specific fuel consumption increases by about 9–14% compared to diesel fuel. But, considerable improvement in environmental performance is obtained using biodiesel. There is significant reduction in the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soot, particulates, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide with biodiesel. But the NOx emission is more with biodiesel compared to diesel. A case study with Jatropha biodiesel as fuel and the current development status, both global and Indian, of biodiesel as a CI engine fuel have been included in the paper.

scholarly journals Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Pollutant Using Intelligent Transport Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostofa Kamal Nasir ◽  
Rafidah Md Noor ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
B. M. Masum
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Intelligent Transport

Greenhouse gas emitted by the transport sector around the world is a serious issue of concern. To minimize such emission the automobile engineers have been working relentlessly. Researchers have been trying hard to switch fossil fuel to alternative fuels and attempting to various driving strategies to make traffic flow smooth and to reduce traffic congestion and emission of greenhouse gas. Automobile emits a massive amount of pollutants such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Intelligent transport system (ITS) technologies can be implemented to lower pollutant emissions and reduction of fuel consumption. This paper investigates the ITS techniques and technologies for the reduction of fuel consumption and minimization of the exhaust pollutant. It highlights the environmental impact of the ITS application to provide the state-of-art green solution. A case study also advocates that ITS technology reduces fuel consumption and exhaust pollutant in the urban environment.

Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption of a Railpower RP20BD Switcher Locomotive

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randell L. Honc ◽  
Steven G. Fritz ◽  
Dustin T. Osborne ◽  
Richard Grisier ◽  
Scott Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
The Future ◽  
Generator Sets ◽  
Low Sulfur

Conventional switcher or shunting locomotives in North America are powered by a single 12 or 16 cylinder engine which operate at eight distinct power levels, plus idle. Recently introduced locomotive power systems utilize multiple smaller displacement non-road diesel engines packaged as individual generator sets to obtain a cleaner and more efficient locomotive. This paper examines exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of a Railpower RP20BD switcher locomotive utilizing three 375 kWe generators. FTP tests, described in part 92 of the CFR Title 40, were completed for UPY2606 using two fuels: EPA certification diesel, and ultra-low sulfur diesel. The locomotive produced emissions well below EPA Tier 2 limits using certification fuel, and subsequent testing with ULSD further reduced emissions to below the future EPA Tier 2 and 3 limits.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Martins ◽  
F. P. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Ic Engines

The recent transport electrification trend is pushing governments to limit the future use of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). However, the rationale for this strong limitation is frequently not sufficiently addressed or justified. The problem does not seem to lie within the engines nor with the combustion by themselves but seemingly, rather with the rise in greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO2, rejected to the atmosphere. However, it is frequent that the distinction between fossil CO2 and renewable CO2 production is not made, or even between CO2 emissions and pollutant emissions. The present revision paper discusses and introduces different alternative fuels that can be burned in IC Engines and would eliminate, or substantially reduce the emission of fossil CO2 into the atmosphere. These may be non-carbon fuels such as hydrogen or ammonia, or biofuels such as alcohols, ethers or esters, including synthetic fuels. There are also other types of fuels that may be used, such as those based on turpentine or even glycerin which could maintain ICEs as a valuable option for transportation.

Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions From a 1,125 kW Multiple Genset Switcher Locomotive

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randell L. Honc ◽  
Steven G. Fritz ◽  
Michael B. Schell ◽  
Andrew Tarnow ◽  
Adam Bennett
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Generator Sets

Conventional switcher or shunting locomotives in North America are powered by a single Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) 12 or 16 cylinder 645E engine which operate at eight distinct power levels, plus idle, at engine speeds ranging from 250 to 900 rpm, and power ratings of 1125 to 1500 kW. The individual power (notch) settings are weighted according to an established duty cycle to obtain overall fuel consumption and exhaust emission rates. Recently introduced locomotive power systems utilize multiple smaller displacement non-road diesel engines packaged as individual generator sets to obtain a cleaner and more efficient locomotive. This paper compares exhaust emissions and fuel consumption from a conventional switcher locomotive with a single large displacement engine to that of a repowered locomotive utilizing three 345 kW generators.

scholarly journals Correlational investigation of air pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicle in various dynamic conditions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Velocity

<p>Air pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines are highly susceptible to the conditions of engine operation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation between the emissions of individual pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide), the fuel consumption and various dynamic conditions of the operation of an engine. The empirical data was obtained by testing of passenger car with a spark-ignition engine on a chassis dynamometer in 12 various driving tests, both type-approval and special. The results indicate, that the strongest correlation exists between the emissions of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons and between the fuel consumption and the emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. The weakest correlation was found to be between the emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The average value of vehicle velocity proved to be suitable zero-dimensional characteristic of the dynamic driving conditions. The correlation between the emission of hydrocarbons and the average vehicle velocity can be assessed as the strongest, while between the emission of nitrogen oxides and the average vehicle velocity – the weakest.</p>

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF COMPLEX FUEL-ECOLOGICAL CRITERION FOR DIESEL WORKING ON WATER-FUEL EMULSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
A.P. Marchenko ◽  
I.V. Parsadanov ◽  
A.V. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Combustion Engines

Today, internal combustion engines are very common as energy sources in many countries around the world. This makes the tasks related to improving the environmental performance of internal combustion engines relevant. The introduction of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines is an effective way to reduce their negative impact on the environment. One of the most available and widespread alternative fuels for diesels is a water-fuel emulsion. The use of water-fuel emulsion makes it possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of petroleum origin, as well as to achieve a significant reduction in emissions of harmful substances from diesel exhaust. However, due to differences in the physical properties of traditional diesel fuel and water-fuel emulsion, the course of the processes of mixture formation and combustion in the diesel cylinder changes significantly. This may be due to the emergence of a reserve for further improvement of the diesel engine by selecting the parameters of the diesel engine running on water-fuel emulsion. The study selected the following parameters for variation: compression ratio, boost pressure, duration of the injection process, injection timing. The article considers the influence of these parameters on the Brake-specific fuel consumption of diesel, the specific emission of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, the maximum pressure in the cylinder. The nature and degree of influence of changes in the parameters of the diesel engine on its performance was determined using mathematical modeling. It should be noted that the influence of each of the parameters selected for variation is quite complex and often ambiguous. That is, when some indicators improve, others may deteriorate somewhat. Therefore, in order to select the most rational parameters of a diesel engine running on a water-fuel emulsion, it is necessary to simultaneously assess the economic and environmental performance of the diesel engine. For this assessment, a method was used to determine a comprehensive fuel and environmental criterion for a diesel engine running on a water-fuel emulsion. Thus, the article shows the potential for comprehensive improvement of environmental and economic performance of the diesel engine by choosing rational parameters.

scholarly journals Investigation of parameters of mixing and heat formation of diesel engines in the process of using alternative fuels

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
V. M. Melnyk ◽  
M. M. Liakh ◽  
M. M. Synoverskyi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The Core ◽  
Engine Power

Today in Ukraine and the world there is a growing shortage of commercial fuels for engines. This is due to the tendency to regulate the production of hydrocarbons, which is the main raw material for their production. Therefore, in order to reduce oil imports, alternative fuels for diesel engines based on oils and animal fats are be-coming more widespread today. In this regard, intensive work is underway to convert internal combustion engines to biofuels in countries with limited fuel and energy resources, as well as in highly developed countries that have the ability to purchase liquid energy. Biodiesel fuel (biodiesel, RME, RME, FAME, EMAG, etc.) is an environmentally friendly type of biofuel obtained from vegetable and animal fats and used to replace petroleum diesel fuel. In the process of using RME B100 biodiesel fuel on the Renault 2.5 DCI engine, the average diameter of the fuel droplets is increased and the flare opening angle is reduced. This leads to impaired fuel distribution in the areas of the spray torch. Only 50% of the fuel is in the jet shell, which leads to impaired mixing of fuel with air. In the core of the wall there is 18% of fuel, which will spread along the walls and mix poorly with air. The remaining 36% of the fuel will be in the core of the jet, the front of the free jet and the areas of intersection of the near-wall streams, and will partially participate in the mixing. The use of biodiesel fuel RME B100 leads to a delay of heat by 18-20 degrees of rotation of the crankshaft, which will increase fuel consumption and reduce engine power. Thus, according to studies of the Renault 2.5 DCI engine on commercial and biodiesel RME B100, it is established that the use of biodiesel leads to a deterioration of the mixture due to reduced heat and as a result increases fuel consumption, reducing engine power.

scholarly journals Analysis of Air Pollutant Emissions for Mechanized Rice Cultivation in Korea

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Gyu-Gang Han ◽  
Jun-Hyuk Jeon ◽  
Yong-Jin Cho ◽  
Myoung-Ho Kim ◽  
Seong-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption

In Korea, rice is a major staple grain and it is mainly cultivated using various types of agricultural machinery. Air pollutants emitted from agricultural machinery have their origins mainly from the exhaustion of internal combustion engines. In this study, the emission characteristics of five main air pollutants by the European Environment Agency’s Tier 1 method for rice cultivation were analyzed. Diesel is a main fuel for agricultural machinery and gasoline is generally used only for rice transplanters as a fuel in Korea. Tractors consume 46% of total fuel consumption and 56% of diesel fuel consumption. Gasoline used for rice transplanters accounts for about 17% of the total fuel consumption each year. Tractors and rice transplanters emit 82% of all total pollutants. From 2011 to 2019, the total amount of air pollutant emissions decreased by 15%. That accounted for the reduction of rice cultivation fields in those periods. Rice transplanting operation accounts for 42% of total emissions. Then, harrowing, harvesting, tilling, leveling, and pest control operations generated 10%, 10%, 8%, 8%, and 7% of total emissions, respectively. The contribution of each air pollutant held 54% of CO, 39% of NOx, 5% of NMVOC, and 2% of TSP from the total emission inventory. The three major regions emitting air pollutants from mechanized agricultural practices were Jeollanam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do, which consume 55% of the total fuel usage in rice farming. The total amount of air pollutant emissions from rice cultivation practices in 2019 was calculated as 8448 tons in Korea.

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