scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of a District Sharing Strategy on Application Capacity and Carbon Emissions for Heating and Cooling with GSHP Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5543
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
He Qi ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zhonghua Zhang ◽  
Xi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Sharing Strategy ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
The Impact

To meet long-term climate change targets, the way that heating and cooling are generated and distributed has to be changed to achieve a supply of affordable, secure and low-carbon energy for all buildings and infrastructures. Among the possible renewable sources of energy, ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems can be an effective low-carbon solution that is compatible with district heating and cooling in urban areas. There are no location restrictions for this technology, and underground energy sources are stable for long-term use. According to a previous study, buildings in urban areas have demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity in terms of their capacity to demand (C/D) ratio under the application of GSHP due to variations in heating demand and available space. If a spatial sharing strategy can be developed to allow the surplus geothermal capacity to be shared with neighbors, the heating and cooling demands of a greater number of buildings in an area can be satisfied, thus achieving a city with lower carbon emissions. In this study, a GSHP district system model was developed with a specific embedding sharing strategy for the application of GSHP. Two sharing strategies were proposed in this study: (i) Strategy 1 involved individual systems with borehole sharing, and (ii) Strategy 2 was a central district system. Three districts in London were selected to compare the performance of the developed models on the C/D ratio, required borehole number and carbon emissions. According to the comparison analysis, both strategies were able to enhance the GSHP application capacity and increase the savings of carbon emissions. However, the improvement levels were shown to be different. A greater number of building types and a higher variety in building types with larger differentiation in heating and cooling demands can contribute to a better district sharing performance. In addition, it was found that these two sharing strategies were applicable to different kinds of districts.

scholarly journals Research on Prediction Model for Durability of Straw Bale Walls in Warm (Humid) Continental Climate—A Case Study in Northeast China

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunzhi Yin ◽  
Qi Dong ◽  
Mike Lawrence ◽  
Daniel Maskell ◽  
Jiaqi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon ◽  
Isothermal Model ◽  
Hygrothermal Environment ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
Straw Bale Walls ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Straw Bale ◽  
Continental Climate

This research analyses straw degradation inside straw bale walls in the region and develops the prediction of degradation inside straw bale walls. The results show that the straw inside straw bale walls have no serious concerns of degradation in the high hygrothermal environment in the region with only moderate concerns of degradation in the area 2–3 cm deep behind the lime render. The onsite investigations indicate that the degradation isopleth model can only predict straw conditions behind the rendering layer, whereas the isothermal model fits the complete situation inside straw bale walls. This research develops the models for predicting straw degradation levels inside a straw bale building in a warm (humid) continental climate. The impact of this research will help the growth of low carbon energy efficient straw bale construction with confidence pertaining to its long-term durability characteristics both in the region and regions sharing similar climatic features globally.

Planheat Tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-105
Author(s):  
Matteo Porta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
European Population ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
The Impact

More than two thirds of the European population live in urban areas. Cities are places where both problems emerge and solutions are found. They are fertile ground for science and technology, for culture and innovation, for individual and collective creativity, and for mitigating the impact of climate change. Cities are communities where to study environmental, social, economic impact of new energy technologies. A tool to unlock the planning potential of EU cities has been developed thanks to the collaboration of different EU research centers, SMEs and consultancy firms led by Rina Consulting involved in Planheat EU Project (funded by the European Union's H2020 Programme under grant agreement 723757). PLANHEAT Consortium developed and validated an integrated and easy-to-use, GIS-based, and open source tool to support local authorities in selecting, simulating and comparing alternative low carbon and economically sustainable scenarios for heating and cooling.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Integrating Underground Railways into Low Carbon Urban Energy Networks: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Lagoeiro ◽  
Akos Revesz ◽  
Gareth Davies ◽  
Graeme Maidment ◽  
Daniel Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Secondary Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The Many

Cities demand vast amounts of energy for their everyday operation, resulting in significant degradation of energy in the form of heat in the urban environment. This leads to high cooling requirements in cities, while also presenting the opportunity to reuse such waste heat in order to provide low-carbon heating for buildings and processes. Among the many potential energy sources that could be exploited in urban areas, underground railway tunnels are particularly attractive, as the operation of the trains produce considerable amounts of heat throughout the year. This paper reviews how secondary energy sources in urban areas can be integrated into heating and cooling networks, with emphasis on underground rail tunnels. This involves investigating potential urban waste heat sources and the existing state-of-the-art technologies that could be applied to efficiently recover this secondary energy, as well as analyzing how district heating and cooling networks have been a key mechanism to allow for a smooth transition from current fossil fuel based to future low-carbon energy sources.

scholarly journals The Impact on System Performance When Renovating a Multifamily Building Stock in a District Heated Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Blomqvist ◽  
Lina La Fleur ◽  
Shahnaz Amiri ◽  
Patrik Rohdin ◽  
Louise Ödlund (former Trygg)
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
The Impact

In Sweden, 90% of multifamily buildings utilize district heat and a large portion is in need of renovation. The aim is to analyze the impact of renovating a multifamily building stock in a district heating and cooling system, in terms of primary energy savings, peak power demands, electricity demand and production, and greenhouse gas emissions on local and global levels. The study analyzes scenarios regarding measures on the building envelope, ventilation, and substitution from district heat to ground source heat pump. The results indicate improved energy performance for all scenarios, ranging from 11% to 56%. Moreover, the scenarios present a reduction of fossil fuel use and reduced peak power demand in the district heating and cooling system ranging from 1 MW to 13 MW, corresponding to 4–48 W/m2 heated building area. However, the study concludes that scenarios including a ground source heat pump generate significantly higher global greenhouse gas emissions relative to scenarios including district heating. Furthermore, in a future fossil-free district heating and cooling system, a reduction in primary energy use will lead to a local reduction of emissions along with a positive effect on global greenhouse gas emissions, outperforming measures with a ground source heat pump.

scholarly journals The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Hongpeng Guo ◽  
Sidong Xie ◽  
Chulin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the impact of changes in planting industry structure on carbon emissions. Based on the statistical data of the planting industry in three provinces in Northeast China from 1999 to 2018, the study calculated the carbon emissions, carbon absorptions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry by using crop parameter estimation and carbon emissions inventory estimation methods. In addition, the multiple linear regression model and panel data model were used to analyze and test the carbon emissions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry. The results show that: (1). The increase of the planting area of rice, corn, and peanuts in the three northeastern provinces of China will promote carbon emissions, while the increase of the planting area of wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and vegetables will reduce carbon emissions; (2). Fertilizer application, technological progress, and planting structure factors have a significant positive effect on net carbon sinks, among which the changes in the planting industry structure have the greatest impact on net carbon sinks. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the government, resource endowment and location advantages should be given full play to, and the internal planting structure of crops should be reasonably adjusted so as to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization.

Numerical Modelling of a District Scale Groundwater Heat Pump Operation: Case Study from Colchester, UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Sezer ◽  
Abubakar Kawuwa Sani ◽  
Rao Martand Singh ◽  
David P. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
District Level ◽  
Thermal Plume ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Groundwater Heat Pump ◽  
The Impact

<p>Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP) are an environmentally friendly and highly efficient low carbon heating technology that can benefit from low-temperature groundwater sources lying in the shallow depths to provide heating and cooling to buildings. However, the utilisation of groundwater for heating and cooling, especially in large scale (district level), can create a thermal plume around injection wells. If a plume reaches the production well this may result in a decrease in the system performance or even failure in the long-term operation. This research aims to investigate the impact of GWHP usage in district-level heating by using a numerical approach and considering a GWHP system being constructed in Colchester, UK as a case study, which will be the largest GWHP system in the UK. Transient 3D simulations have been performed pre-construction to investigate the long-term effect of injecting water at 5°C, into a chalk bedrock aquifer. Modelling suggests a thermal plume develops but does not reach the production wells after 10 years of operation. The model result can be attributed to the low hydraulic gradient, assumed lack of interconnecting fractures, and large (>500m) spacing between the production and injection wells. Model validation may be possible after a period operational monitoring.</p>

Foundations for a Low-Carbon Energy System in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lee ◽  
Daniel P. Schrag ◽  
Matthew Bunn ◽  
Michael Davidson ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Climate change is a key problem of the 21st century. China, as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has committed to stabilize its current emissions and dramatically increase the share of electricity production from non-fossil fuels by 2030. However, this is only a first step: in the longer term, China needs to aggressively strive to reach a goal of zero-emissions. Through detailed discussions of electricity pricing, electric vehicle policies, nuclear energy policies, and renewable energy policies, this book reviews how near-term climate and energy policies can affect long-term decarbonization pathways beyond 2030, building the foundations for decarbonization in advance of its realization. Focusing primarily on the electricity sector in China - the main battleground for decarbonization over the next century – it provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers, as well as energy and climate experts.

The Impact of Tariff Regulation on Potential Investor’s Decision in District Heating

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-112
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Gimadi
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

The paper analyses the ways how long-term tariff regulation impacts on investment decision in district heating in Russia. Concessions in district heating gave us good chance to analyze impact of tariff regulation on the potential concessionaire decision who is choosing between agreements. The empirical analysis shows that potential concessionaire makes such decisions taking into account specific tariff parameters. The probability of attracting potential investor increases because of indicated volume of rate of return or including energy efficiency indicators; the ratio of operating expenses has negative effect on the probability. The growth rates of total revenue indicated for all years of the planned agreement has no effect on the probability. Potential concessionaire prefers to choose agreements, where the volume of investment commitments is lower, because he is not ready to assume ambitious commitments in the district heating in the current system of regulation.

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