scholarly journals Bioactive Healing Abutment as a Potential Tool for the Treatment of Peri-Implant Disease—In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5376
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Iwańczyk ◽  
Piotr Wychowański ◽  
Anna Minkiewicz-Zochniak ◽  
Kamila Strom ◽  
Sylwia Jarzynka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Carrier ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Tool

The common use of dental implants for dental reconstruction poses new treatment challenges for physicians, peri-implantitis being a particularly difficult one. Micro-organisms, including drug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. strains, play a crucial role in the etiology of peri-implantitis. In this paper, the authors assess the efficacy of a bioactive healing abutment (BHA) of their own design for the local release of antibiotics as a potential tool for the treatment of peri-implant disease. BHA filled with a collagen material, combined with the antibiotics clindamycin and tetracycline, was tested in vitro by disk diffusion assay. Antibacterial activity was observed for the chosen Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial strains. In addition, the impact of titanium discs (which were used to make the BHA) was monitored. The results show that the zone diameter breakpoints for BHA are higher than those of standard absorbent paper discs in both tested strains for both tested antibiotics. This work demonstrates that the proposed BHA can serve as an effective and precise drug carrier. The release of antibiotics from the described implant device is easy to control and allows for an effective local antibacterial in vitro treatment. The procedure is inexpensive, easy to perform, and repeatable.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Michelle Franz Montan ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Eduardo D. Andrade ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii , Porphyromonas gingivalis , or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii – F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum – P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Propionibacterium acnes , Actinomyces naeslundii , and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.

scholarly journals Poly(δ-valerolactone)/Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite as Scaffolds: Preparation, Properties, and In Vitro Amoxicillin Release

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mohammed Badwelan ◽  
Mohammed Alkindi ◽  
Osama Alghamdi ◽  
Waseem Sharaf Saeed ◽  
Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Two poly(δ-valerolactone)/poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAL/PDVAL/β-TCP) composites containing an equal ratio of polymer and filled with 50 and 70 wt% of β-TCP microparticles were prepared by the solvent casting method. Interconnected pores were realized using the salt leached technique, and the porosity of the resulted composites was evaluated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. The homogeneity of the hybrid materials was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The prepared materials’ SEM images showed interconnected micropores that respond to the conditions required to allow their uses as scaffolds. The porosity of each scaffold was determined from micro computed tomography (micro-CT) data, and the analysis of the mechanical properties of the prepared materials was studied through the stress-strain compressive test. The proliferation test results used human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to grow and proliferate on the different types of prepared materials, reflecting that the hybrid materials were non-toxic and could be biologically acceptable scaffolds. The antibacterial activity test revealed that incorporation of amoxicillin in the specimens could inhibit the bacterial growth of S. aureus. The in vitro study of the release of amoxicillin from the PEVAL/PDVAL/amoxicillin and PEVAL/PDVAL/β-TCP/amoxicillin drug carrier systems in pH media 7.4, during eight days, gave promising results, and the antibiotic diffusion in these scaffolds obeys the Fickian model.

scholarly journals In vitro Remote Aspiration Embolectomy for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Asim Rizvi ◽  
Sean T. Fitzgerald ◽  
Kent D. Carlson ◽  
Dan Dragomir Daescu ◽  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Collateral Branch ◽  
Proximal Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Glass Model ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Impact

Background: “Remote aspiration,” using suction from the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) to open terminus occlusions, has been reported in small case series. However, it remains unclear whether remote aspiration is feasible for middle cerebral artery occlusions in the setting of potential inflow from communicating arteries. We performed an in vitro study to assess whether suction applied at various locations proximal to an occlusion could successfully aspirate the clot. Methods: A glass model of 4 mm inner diameter (ID) with 1 mm distal narrowing and 2 mm side branch to simulate a communicating artery was constructed. A proximal side branch was placed to simulate inflow from the proximal ICA. The impact of three different-sized catheters (ID 0.088, 0.070, and 0.056 in) on histologically different (red blood cell-cell rich, fibrin-rich, and mixed) clot analogues was tested with the catheter tip placed remotely either distal or proximal to the collateral branch. Aspiration was attempted with (1) open system (flow in both the ICA and the collateral branch, (2) flow arrest with open collateral (no flow in the ICA, but flow in the collateral branch), and (3) closed system (no flow in either the ICA or the collateral branch). The outcome was success or failure of remote aspiration. Results: For the 0.088-in catheter, remote aspiration was successful in all conditions. For the 0.070-in catheter, remote aspiration was unsuccessful without proximal flow arrest, but was successful in all other scenarios. For the 0.056-in catheter, remote aspiration was successful only with complete flow arrest. Conclusions: In a noncollapsible system, remote aspiration can be successfully achieved even in the setting of prominent branch arteries by using relatively large aspiration catheters. Proximal flow arrest may facilitate successful remote aspiration for some catheter sizes.

scholarly journals Differential uptake of three clinically relevant allergens by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle Zurmühl ◽  
Anna Schmitt ◽  
Ulrike Formentini ◽  
Johannes Weiss ◽  
Heike Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Der P 1 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have a dual role as interferon-producing and antigen-presenting cells. Their relevance for allergic diseases is controversial. and the impact of pDC on allergic immune responses is poorly understood. Methods This in vitro study on human pDC isolated from peripheral blood was designed to compare side by side the uptake of three clinically relevant representative allergens: fluorochrome-labeled house dust mite Der p 1, Bee venom extract from Apis mellifera (Api) and the food allergen OVA analyzed flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results We found that the internalization and its regulation by TLR9 ligation was significantly different between allergens in terms of time course and strength of uptake. Api and OVA uptake in pDC of healthy subjects was faster and reached higher levels than Der p 1 uptake. CpG ODN 2006 suppressed OVA uptake and to a lesser extent Der p 1, while Api internalization was not affected. All allergens colocalized with LAMP1 and EEA1, with Api being internalized particularly fast and reaching highest intracellular levels in pDC. Of note, we could not determine any specific differences in antigen uptake in allergic compared with healthy subjects. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first study that directly compares uptake regulation of clinically relevant inhalative, injective and food allergens in pDC. Our findings may help to explain differences in the onset and severity of allergic reactions as well as in the efficiency of AIT.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Efficacy of four different Intracanal Medication to Microorganisms existing in the Failure of Endodontic Therapy: An in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Jorge Paredes Vieyra ◽  
Fabian Ocampo Acosta ◽  
Francisco Javier Jiménez Enriquez ◽  
Alan Hidalgo Vargas ◽  
Ignacio Manriquez Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aim.This study aims to identify the efficacy of different intracanal medication formulations existing in end of endodontic therapy’s failure, and related to strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in Petri plates. Materials and methods. It was used diffusion test in agar where each Petri plate with the inoculated bacteria. Perforations of approximately 4 mm deep by 5 mm in diameter were made to prepare where the intracanal drug (25 µl) to be tested. The diameters of the bacterial inhibition zones were measured and registered to each tested medication at the period of 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 and 14 days respectively. Results. All the medications promoted inhibition halos. The inhibition halos were represented in mm. A higher elimination of micro-organisms can be significantly achieved through the association of different substances in the formulation of an intra canal medication, with emphasis to Ca (OH)2 combined with nitrofurazone and magnesium oxide respectively. Conclusion. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system associated with the chemical combination of Ca (OH) 2 with antiseptic pastes or solutions considerably reduce the bacterial load.

scholarly journals Determination of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin susceptibility among urinary Escherichia coli isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Rachana Kanaujia ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Malay Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections. For treatment of UTIs, there are limited antibiotics due to increased resistance among uropathogens. Two older antibiotics; Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin have become novel oral therapeutic options against uropathogens. Aim of the study was to identify UTI causing micro-organisms and evaluate in-vitro activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against most common isolated organism (E. coli).Methods: Results of urine samples culture and susceptibility testing over a period of 1 year were analysed and included in this study.Results: Micro-organisms were isolated from 568 urine samples. Most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (40.50%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20.07%) and Staphylococcus spp. (17.07%). Susceptibility of E. coli to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin was 91.74% and 65.65% respectively. Conclusion: Good activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against E. coli indicates that these two drugs are potential therapeutic alternatives for urinary tract infections.

The impact of stent design on the structural mechanics of the crossing Y-stent: an in vitro study

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Young Lee ◽  
Seong-Ho Park ◽  
Chang-Hyun Kim ◽  
Goetz Benndorf
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Structural Mechanics ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Stent Design ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of Rich in Β-Glucans Edible Mushrooms on Aging Gut Microbiota Characteristics: An In Vitro Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evdokia K. Mitsou ◽  
Georgia Saxami ◽  
Emmanuela Stamoulou ◽  
Evangelia Kerezoudi ◽  
Eirini Terzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Alterations of gut microbiota are evident during the aging process. Prebiotics may restore the gut microbial balance, with β-glucans emerging as prebiotic candidates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of edible mushrooms rich in β-glucans on the gut microbiota composition and metabolites by using in vitro static batch culture fermentations and fecal inocula from elderly donors (n = 8). Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, Hericium erinaceus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms derived from various substrates were examined. Gut microbiota composition (quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; gas chromatography (GC)) were determined during the 24-h fermentation. P. eryngii induced a strong lactogenic effect, while P. ostreatus and C. cylindracea induced a significant bifidogenic effect (p for all <0.05). Furthermore, P. eryngii produced on wheat straw and the prebiotic inulin had comparable Prebiotic Indexes, while P. eryngii produced on wheat straw/grape marc significantly increased the levels of tested butyrate producers. P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and C. cylindracea had similar trends in SCFA profile; H. erinaceus mushrooms were more diverse, especially in the production of propionate, butyrate and branched SCFAs. In conclusion, mushrooms rich in β-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects in gut microbiota and/or SCFAs production in elderly subjects.

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