scholarly journals Nature-Inspired Cellular Structure Design for Electric Vehicle Battery Compartment: Application to Crashworthiness

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4532
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mudassir ◽  
Faris Tarlochan ◽  
Mahmoud Ashraf Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Collapse Behavior

This paper discusses the potential of using lightweight nature-inspired cellular structured designs as energy absorbers in crashworthiness applications for electric vehicles (EV). As EVs are becoming popular with their increased battery capacity, these lightweight cellular structures have regained research interest as they may increase mileage by reducing vehicle mass in addition to protecting the battery during collisions. In this paper, a novel lightweight cellular structure for EV battery protection and crashworthiness is designed and simulated. In designing the cellular structure, four different ways of applying the shell thickness have been considered that affects the collapse behavior and the crashworthiness. A numerical study was conducted on 45 samples with varying length, shell thicknesses, and thickness application methods. Four types of shell thickness application methods were investigated: Uniform thickness, strut-wall thickness, gradient thickness, and alternate thickness. Force-displacement curves, energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and collapse behaviors are some of the metrics used for evaluating the crashworthiness of the structures. Shell thickness is found to affect both the collapse behavior and energy absorption capabilities. Energy absorption results are similar to other studies on designed cellular structures. The highest performing cellular structure is reported to have a specific energy absorption of 35kJ/kg, which is comparable to cellular structures reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of Sheet-Based and Strut-Based Gyroid Cellular Structures with Graded Densities

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Li ◽  
Wenhe Liao ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
Yi Min Xie
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Collapse Behavior ◽  
Graded Structures

Bio-inspired functionally graded cellular materials (FGCM) have improved performance in energy absorption compared with a uniform cellular material (UCM). In this work, sheet-based and strut-based gyroid cellular structures with graded densities are designed and manufactured by stereo-lithography (SLA). For comparison, uniform structures are also designed and manufactured, and the graded structures are generated with different gradients. The mechanical behaviors of these structures under compressive loads are investigated. Furthermore, the anisotropy and effective elastic modulus of sheet-based and strut-based unit gyroid cellular structures are estimated by a numerical homogenization method. On the one hand, it is found from the numerical results that the sheet-based gyroid tends to be isotropic, and the elastic modulus of sheet-based gyroid is larger than the strut-based gyroid at the same volume fraction. On the other hand, the graded cellular structure has novel deformation and mechanical behavior. The uniform structure exhibits overall deformation and collapse behavior, whereas the graded cellular structure shows layer-by-layer deformation and collapse behavior. Furthermore, the uniform sheet-based gyroid is not only stiffer but also better in energy absorption capacity than the uniform strut-based gyroid structure. Moreover, the graded cellular structures have better energy absorption capacity than the uniform structures. These significant findings indicate that sheet-based gyroid cellular structure with graded densities have potential applications in various industrial applications, such as in crashworthiness.

Crashworthiness optimization of hierarchical hexagonal honeycombs under out-of-plane impact

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622093910
Author(s):  
M Altin ◽  
E Acar ◽  
MA Güler
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Honeycomb Structures ◽  
Out Of Plane

This paper presents a numerical study of regular and hierarchical honeycomb structures subjected to out-of-plane impact loading. The specific energy absorption capacity of honeycomb structures via nonlinear explicit finite element analysis is investigated. The constructed finite element models are validated using experimental data available in the literature. The honeycomb structures are optimized by using a surrogate-based optimization approach to achieve maximum specific energy absorption capacity. Three surrogate models polynomial response surface approximations, radial basis functions, and Kriging models are used; Kriging models are found to be the most accurate. The optimum specific energy absorption value obtained for hierarchical honeycomb structures is found to be 148% greater than that of regular honeycomb structures.

Dynamic Axial Compression of Square CFRP/Aluminium Tubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Rafea Dakhil Hussein ◽  
Dong Ruan ◽  
Guo Xing Lu ◽  
Jeong Whan Yoon ◽  
Zhan Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Carbon Fibre Composite ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Cfrp Tubes ◽  
The Impact

Carbon fibre composite tubes have high strength to weight ratios and outstanding performance under axial crushing. In this paper, square CFRP tubes and aluminium sheet-wrapped CFRP tubes were impacted by a drop mass to investigate the effect of loading velocity on the energy absorption of CFRP/aluminium tubes. A comparison of the quasi-static and dynamic crushing behaviours of tubes was made in terms of deformation mode, peak crushing force, mean crushing force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption. The influence of the number of aluminium layers that wrapped square CFRP tubes on the crushing performance of tubes under axial impact was also examined. Experimental results manifested similar deformation modes of tubes in both quasi-static and dynamic tests. The dynamic peak crushing force was higher than the quasi-static counterpart, while mean crushing force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption were lower in dynamic tests than those in quasi-static tests. The mean crushing force and energy absorption decreased with the crushing velocity and increased with the number of aluminium layers. The impact stroke (when the force starts to drop) decreased with the number of aluminium layers.

Ballistic Performance Evaluation of Kevlar-Glass Fibre Hybrid Composite Laminate against Medium Velocity Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 1165 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Saurabh S. Kumar ◽  
Rajesh G. Babu ◽  
U. Magarajan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Fabric Composite

In this paper, the post ballistic impact behaviour of kevlar-glass fibre hybrid composite laminates was investigated against 9×19 mm projectile. Eight different types of composite laminates with different ratios of kevlar woven fibre to glass fibre were fabricated using hand lay-up with epoxy matrix. Ballistic behaviour like ballistic Limit (V50), energy absorption, specific energy absorption and Back Face Signature (BFS) were studied after bullet impact. The results indicated that as the Percentage of glass fibre is increased there was a linear increment in the ballistic behaviour. Addition of 16% kevlar fabric, composite sample meets the performance requirement of NIJ0101.06 Level III-A. Since the maximum specific energy absorption was observed in Pure Kevlar samples and the adding of glass fibre increases the weight and Areal Density of the sample, further investigations need to be carried out to utilize the potential of glass fibre for ballistic applications.

Enhancement in specific energy absorption of invertubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 424-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Reddy ◽  
V. Narayanamurthy ◽  
Y.V.D. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption

Crashworthiness performance of concentric structures with different cross-sectional shapes under multiple loading conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702096188
Author(s):  
Sadjad Pirmohammad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Multiple Loading ◽  
Energy Absorbing

This paper evaluates the crashworthiness performance of concentric structures with different numbers of tubes (i.e. one to five) and cross-sectional shapes (i.e. hexagon, octagon, decagon and circle) under the multiple loadings of θ = 0, 10, 20 and 30°. An experimentally validated finite element model generated in LS-DYNA is employed to calculate the crashworthiness parameters including the specific energy absorption, maximum crush force and crush force efficiency. A total of 20 concentric structures are analyzed to explore the effects of number of tubes and cross-sectional shapes on the crushing performance. A multi-criteria decision-making method known as TOPSIS is also used to compare and rank the concentric structures in terms of crushing performance. Based on the results, the hexagonal structure including two tubes and octagonal, decagonal and circular structures including three tubes demonstrate the best results among their corresponding cross-sectional shapes. These structures show 9, 39, 38 and 39% higher specific energy absorption compared to their corresponding single tubal cases, respectively. However, in comparison to single tubal cases, they generate 4, 57, 57 and 58% higher maximum crush force, respectively. As such, the values for the improvement of the crush force efficiency are 3, 26, 25 and 21%, respectively. Furthermore, the decagonal structure including three tubes provides the highest energy absorbing characteristics as compared with all the other structures studied in this research. Meanwhile, taking into account all the multiple loading conditions, this structure shows 50% higher specific energy absorption than the hexagonal structure including single tube (as the weakest structure).

Cushioning energy absorption of composite layered structures including paper corrugation, paper honeycomb and expandable polyethylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Guo ◽  
Meijuan Ji ◽  
Yungang Fu ◽  
Dan Pan ◽  
Xingning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Layered Structures ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Energy Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Paper Honeycomb

The composite layered structures including paper corrugation, paper honeycomb and expandable polyethylene are innovative structures of cushioning energy absorption, and the compression and impact resistances of the expandable polyethylene can be enhanced by laminating the corrugated paperboard or honeycomb paperboard. This article evaluated the compression performance and cushioning energy absorption of the composite layered structures by the static compression and drop impact compression tests. On one hand, the static compression properties showed that the total energy absorption, energy absorption per unit volume and stroke efficiency of the composite layered structures were all higher than those of expandable polyethylene. The specific energy absorption was enhanced with the increase in compression strain but almost not affected by the compression rate. The specific energy absorption of the composite layered structures including the expandable polyethylene and honeycomb paperboard was greater than those of the expandable polyethylene and corrugated paperboard. The energy absorption efficiency of the composite layered structures including the expandable polyethylene and corrugated paperboard was large for the low compression stress level, yet that of the composite layered structures including the expandable polyethylene and honeycomb paperboard was large for the high compression stress level. On the other hand, the dynamic compression characteristics showed that the peak stress, energy absorption per unit area, energy absorption per unit volume and specific energy absorption of the composite layered structures embodying paper sandwich cores and expandable polyethylene had linear increasing trends with the increase of drop shock energy. At the same drop impact condition, the composite layered structures including the honeycomb paperboard and expandable polyethylene had better cushioning energy absorption, the peak stress decreased by 23.6% on average, the energy absorption efficiency raised by 8.85% on average and the specific energy absorption increased by 18.1% on average than those including the corrugated paperboard and expandable polyethylene. Therefore, the corrugated paperboard and honeycomb paperboard can helpfully improve the cushioning energy absorption of the expandable polyethylene, and the composite layered structures embodying the expandable polyethylene, corrugated paperboard and honeycomb paperboard may hold excellent packaging protection.

Effect of the Fine Recycled Aggregates on the Dynamic Compressive Behavior of Recycled Mortar

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Sallehan Ismail ◽  
Mohamad Asri Abd Hamid ◽  
Zaiton Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the dynamic behavior of recycled mortar under impact loading using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Several mortar mixtures were produced by adding various fine recycled aggregates (FRA) to the mixture in replacement percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the natural fine aggregate (NFA). The effects of strain rate on compressive strength and specific energy absorption were obtained. Results show that the dynamic compressive strength and specific energy absorption of recycled mortar are highly strain rate dependent; specifically, they increase nearly linearly with the increase in peak strain rate. However, the compressive strength and specific energy absorption of recycled mortar are generally lower than those of NFA mortar (reference samples) under similar high strain rates. The findings of this research can help researchers and construction practitioners to ascertain the appropriate mix design procedure to optimize the impact strength properties of recycled mortar for protective structural application.

Architected functionally graded porous lattice structures for optimized elastic-plastic behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 1099-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Mahbod ◽  
Masoud Asgari ◽  
Christian Mittelstedt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption

In this paper, the elastic–plastic mechanical properties of regular and functionally graded additively manufactured porous structures made by a double pyramid dodecahedron unit cell are investigated. The elastic moduli and also energy absorption are evaluated via finite element analysis. Experimental compression tests are performed which demonstrated the accuracy of numerical simulations. Next, single and multi-objective optimizations are performed in order to propose optimized structural designs. Surrogated models are developed for both elastic and plastic mechanical properties. The results show that elastic moduli and the plastic behavior of the lattice structures are considerably affected by the cell geometry and relative density of layers. Consequently, the optimization leads to a significantly better performance of both regular and functionally graded porous structures. The optimization of regular lattice structures leads to great improvement in both elastic and plastic properties. Specific energy absorption, maximum stress, and the elastic moduli in x- and y-directions are improved by 24%, 79%, 56%, and 9%, respectively, compared to the base model. In addition, in the functionally graded optimized models, specific energy absorption and normalized maximum stress are improved by 64% and 56%, respectively, in comparison with the base models.

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