scholarly journals Evaluation of Time and Frequency Condition Indicators from Vibration Signals for Crack Detection in Railway Axles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Réne-Vinicio Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Lucero ◽  
Jean-Carlo Macancela ◽  
Higinio Rubio Alonso ◽  
Mariela Cerrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Frequency Condition ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Condition Indicators ◽  
Early Fault Detection ◽  
Condition Indicator

Railway safety is a matter of importance as a single failure can involve risks associated with economic and human losses. The early fault detection in railway axles and other railway parts represents a broad field of research that is currently under study. In the present work, the problem of the early crack detection in railway axles is addressed through condition-based monitoring, with the evaluation of several condition indicators of vibration signals on time and frequency domains. To achieve this goal, we applied two different approaches: in the first approach, we evaluate only the vibrations signals captured by accelerometers placed along the longitudinal direction and, in the second approach, a data fusion technique at the condition indicator level was conducted, evaluating six accelerometers by merging the indicator conditions according to the sensor placement. In both cases, a total of 54 condition indicators per vibration signal was calculated and selecting the best features by applying the Mean Decrease Accuracy method of Random Forest. Finally, we test the best indicators with a K-Nearest Neighbor classifier. For the data collection, a real bogie test bench has been used to simulate crack faults on the railway axles, and vibration signals from both the left and right sides of the axle were measured. The results not only show the performance of condition indicators in different domains, but also show that the fusion of condition indicators works well together to detect a crack fault in railway axles.

scholarly journals The Hybrid Method of VMD-PSR-SVD and Improved Binary PSO-KNN for Fault Diagnosis of Bearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-wei Fei
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Binary Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Binary Pso

Fault diagnosis of bearing based on variational mode decomposition (VMD)-phase space reconstruction (PSR)-singular value decomposition (SVD) and improved binary particle swarm optimization (IBPSO)-K-nearest neighbor (KNN) which is abbreviated as VPS-IBPSOKNN is presented in this study, among which VMD-PSR-SVD (VPS) is presented to obtain the features of the bearing vibration signal (BVS), and IBPSO is presented to select the parameter K of KNN. In IBPSO, the calculation of the next position of each particle is improved to fit the evolution of the particles. The traditional KNN with different parameter K and trained by the training samples with the features based on VMD-SVD (VS-KNN) can be used to compare with the proposed VPS-IBPSOKNN method. The experimental result demonstrates that fault diagnosis ability of bearing of VPS-IBPSOKNN is better than that of VS-KNN, and it can be concluded that fault diagnosis of bearing based on VPS-IBPSOKNN is effective.

scholarly journals Condition Indicators for Gearbox Condition Monitoring Systems

10.14311/782 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Večeř ◽  
M. Kreidl ◽  
R. Šmíd
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Vibration Diagnostics ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Condition Indicators ◽  
Condition Monitoring Systems ◽  
Durability Testing ◽  
Condition Indicator

Condition monitoring systems for manual transmissions based on vibration diagnostics are widely applied in industry. The systems deal with various condition indicators, most of which are focused on a specific type of gearbox fault. Frequently used condition indicators (CIs) are described in this paper. The ability of a selected condition indicator to describe the degree of gearing wear was tested using vibration signals acquired during durability testing of manual transmission with helical gears. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Classifiers; K-Nearest Neighbor and Artificial Neural Network, for Fault Diagnosis on a Main Engine Journal-Bearing

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moosavian ◽  
H. Ahmadi ◽  
A. Tabatabaeefar ◽  
M. Khazaee
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Artificial Neural

Vibration analysis is an accepted method in condition monitoring of machines, since it can provide useful and reliable information about machine working condition. This paper surveys a new scheme for fault diagnosis of main journal-bearings of internal combustion (IC) engine based on power spectral density (PSD) technique and two classifiers, namely, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and artificial neural network (ANN). Vibration signals for three different conditions of journal-bearing; normal, with oil starvation condition and extreme wear fault were acquired from an IC engine. PSD was applied to process the vibration signals. Thirty features were extracted from the PSD values of signals as a feature source for fault diagnosis. KNN and ANN were trained by training data set and then used as diagnostic classifiers. Variable K value and hidden neuron count (N) were used in the range of 1 to 20, with a step size of 1 for KNN and ANN to gain the best classification results. The roles of PSD, KNN and ANN techniques were studied. From the results, it is shown that the performance of ANN is better than KNN. The experimental results dèmonstrate that the proposed diagnostic method can reliably separate different fault conditions in main journal-bearings of IC engine.

Detection of Deterioration of Three-phase Induction Motor using Vibration Signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Glowacz ◽  
Witold Glowacz ◽  
Jarosław Kozik ◽  
Krzysztof Piech ◽  
Miroslav Gutten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Vector Sum

Abstract Nowadays detection of deterioration of electrical motors is an important topic of research. Vibration signals often carry diagnostic information of a motor. The authors proposed a setup for the analysis of vibration signals of three-phase induction motors. In this paper rotor fault diagnostic techniques of a three-phase induction motor (TPIM) were presented. The presented techniques used vibration signals and signal processing methods. The authors analyzed the recognition rate of vibration signal readings for 3 states of the TPIM: healthy TPIM, TPIM with 1 broken bar, and TPIM with 2 broken bars. In this paper the authors described a method of the feature extraction of vibration signals Method of Selection of Amplitudes of Frequencies – MSAF-12. Feature vectors were obtained using FFT, MSAF-12, and mean of vector sum. Three methods of classification were used: Nearest Neighbor (NN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Linear Support Vector Machine (LSVM). The obtained results of analyzed classifiers were in the range of 97.61 % – 100 %.

scholarly journals Enhanced K-Nearest Neighbor for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Jiantao Lu ◽  
Weiwei Qian ◽  
Shunming Li ◽  
Rongqing Cui
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Rotating Machinery ◽  
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Case Based

Case-based intelligent fault diagnosis methods of rotating machinery can deal with new faults effectively by adding them into the case library. However, case-based methods scarcely refer to automatic feature extraction, and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) commonly required by case-based methods is unable to determine the nearest neighbors for different testing samples adaptively. To solve these problems, a new intelligent fault diagnosis method of rotating machinery is proposed based on enhanced KNN (EKNN), which can take advantage of both parameter-based and case-based methods. First, EKNN is embedded with a dimension-reduction stage, which extracts the discriminative features of samples via sparse filtering (SF). Second, to locate the nearest neighbors for various testing samples adaptively, a case-based reconstruction algorithm is designed to obtain the correlation vectors between training samples and testing samples. Finally, according to the optimized correlation vector of each testing sample, its nearest neighbors can be adaptively selected to obtain its corresponding health condition label. Extensive experiments on vibration signal datasets of bearings are also conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Improving condition indicators for helicopter health and usage monitoring systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Elasha ◽  
David Mba
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Signal Separation ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Condition Indicators ◽  
Early Fault Detection ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest new method for improving the condition indicators (CIs) used in health and usage monitoring system based on signal separation of gears. Design/methodology/approach – The research method is based on employing signal separation techniques to improve gears signal and fault signature. The signal separation is based on adaptive filters concept. Findings – CIs estimated for the deterministic part of vibration signal show higher sensitivity to gears faults in comparison to indicators estimated based on the original signal. This method proposed could enhance early fault detection in gears, particularly for those applications where strong background noise from other sources in the machine masks the characteristics fault components. Originality/value – The contribution of this research is improving the CIs currently used for helicopter gearboxes. As consequence the safe operation and availability will be improved.

scholarly journals Bearing Condition Monitoring based on the Indicator Generated in Time-frequency Domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Wang ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Guoliang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Bearing Condition Monitoring ◽  
Condition Monitoring Systems ◽  
Early Fault Detection ◽  
Condition Indicator

Most condition monitoring systems rely on system-driven generation of indicators or features for early fault detection. However, this strategy requires the prior knowledge on the system kinematics and/or exact structure parameters of monitored system. To address this problem, this paper presents a novel condition monitoring framework where the condition indicator is generated via data-driven method. In this framework, the time-frequency periodogram is extracted from raw vibration signal first. Then, the acquired time-frequency periodogram is mapped by pseudo Perron vector, which is learned from vibration data, to generate the condition indicator. Finally, the bearing can be monitored via analyzing this indicator using gaussian based control chart. Based on experimental results on a publicly-available database, we show the effectiveness of presented framework for early fault detectionin the continuous operation of rolling bearing, indicating its great potentials in real engineering applications.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Localized Faults in Multistage Gearboxes: A Vibrational Approach by Means of Automatic EMD-Based Algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buzzoni ◽  
E. Mucchi ◽  
G. D’Elia ◽  
G. Dalpiaz
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Condition Indicators ◽  
Intermediate Shaft ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Gear Fault ◽  
Vibration Signature ◽  
Localized Faults

The gear fault diagnosis on multistage gearboxes by vibration analysis is a challenging task due to the complexity of the vibration signal. The localization of the gear fault occurring in a wheel located in the intermediate shaft can be particularly complex due to the superposition of the vibration signature of the synchronous wheels. Indeed, the gear fault detection is commonly restricted to the identification of the stage containing the faulty gear rather than the faulty gear itself. In this context, the paper advances a methodology which combines the Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Time Synchronous Average in order to separate the vibration signals of the synchronous gears mounted on the same shaft. The physical meaningful modes are selected by means of a criterion based on Pearson’s coefficients and the fault detection is performed by dedicated condition indicators. The proposed method is validated taking into account simulated vibrations signals and real ones.

Assessing the effectiveness of data-driven time-domain condition indicators in predicting the progression of surface distress under rolling contact

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (10) ◽  
pp. 1523-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gouda ◽  
P Rycerz ◽  
A Kadiric ◽  
GE Morales-Espejel
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Condition Indicators ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Surface Distress ◽  
Condition Indicator ◽  
Domain Condition

Condition monitoring of machine health via analysis of vibration, acoustic and other signals offers an important tool for reducing the machine downtime and maintenance costs. The key aspect in this process is the ability to relate features derived from the recorded sensor signals to the physical condition of the monitored asset in real time. This paper uses simple machine learning techniques to examine the ability of specific time-domain features obtained from vibration signals to predict the progression of surface distress in lubricated, rolling-sliding contacts, such as those found in rolling bearings and gears. Controlled experiments were performed on a triple-disc rolling contact fatigue rig using seeded-fault roller specimens where micropitting damage was generated and its progression directly observed over millions of contact cycles. Vibration signals were recorded throughout the experiments. Features known as condition indicators were then extracted from the recorded time-domain signals and their evolution related to the observed physical state of the associated specimens using simple machine learning techniques. Five time-domain condition indicators were examined, peak-to-peak, root-mean-square, kurtosis, crest factor and skewness, three of which were found not to be redundant. First, a classification model using KNN nearest neighbor was built with the three informative condition indicators as training data. The cross-validation results indicated that this classifier was able to predict the presence of micropitting damage with a relatively high precision and a low rate of false positives. Secondly, a k-means clustering analysis was performed to measure the significance of each condition indicator by leveraging patterns. The peak-to-peak condition indicator was found to be a good predictor for progression of micropitting damage. In addition, this indicator was able to distinguish between micropitting and pitting failure modes with a high success rate. Finally, the condition indicator response was correlated with the predicted damage state of the test specimen obtained through an existing physics-based surface distress model in order to illustrate the potential of hybrid models for improved prognostics of damage progression in rolling-sliding tribological contacts.

A Combination of WKNN to Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaguo Lei ◽  
Zhengjia He ◽  
Yanyang Zi
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Multiple Classifiers ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Rolling Element

This paper presents a new method for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings, which is developed based on a combination of weighted K nearest neighbor (WKNN) classifiers. This method uses wavelet packet transform based on the lifting scheme to preprocess the vibration signals before feature extraction. Time- and frequency-domain features are all extracted to represent the operation conditions of the bearings totally. Sensitive features are selected after feature extraction. And then, multiple classifiers based on WKNN are combined to overcome the two disadvantages of KNN and therefore it may enhance the classification accuracy. The experimental results of the proposed method to fault diagnosis of the rolling element bearings show that this method enables the detection of abnormalities in bearings and at the same time identification of fault categories and levels.

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