scholarly journals Ozone Deposition on Free-Running Indoor Materials and the Corresponding Volatile Organic Compound Emissions: Implications for Ventilation Requirements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4146
Author(s):  
Wei Ye ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Zean Chen ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Target List ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Ozone Deposition ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

Recently, tropospheric ozone has become a public health concern worldwide, along with the continuous battle against ambient fine particulate matter in countries like China. In this study, we investigate the impact of indoor ozone pollution using seven materials categorized as either wood-based panels or synthetic fibers, which were freely-stored in an office/lab environment. Most materials were considered as used and aged more than 1–2 years. An experimental apparatus was used to study ozone deposition and detect volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the specimens when exposed to ozone at three concentration levels: <10, 100, and 300 ppb. A simplified model is proposed to discuss ventilation requirements based on a standard room. We found that the mean ozone deposition velocities from the seven materials ranged from 0.005 to 0.062 cm·s−1. Both the engineering wood and some of the synthetic fibers were, moreover, prone to ozone deposition. Second, 15 VOCs were found in the sampling air from a 24-VOC target list after ozone exposure. The emission rates of the VOCs from all seven materials were then determined. Third, when the ozone concentration in the outdoor air is not severely high, it is possible to use ventilation to maintain acceptable indoor air quality.

scholarly journals Air Quality Predictions using Measurement-Derived Organic Gaseous and Particle Emissions in a Petrochemical-Dominated Region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Stroud ◽  
Paul A. Makar ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
Michael D. Moran ◽  
Ayodeji Akingunola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Oil Sands Mining ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study assesses the impact of revised volatile organic compound (VOC) and organic aerosol (OA) emissions estimates in the GEM-MACH (Global Environmental Multiscale‒Modelling Air Quality and CHemistry) chemical transport model, driven with two different emissions input datasets, using observations from the 2013 Joint Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM) intensive field study. The first emissions dataset (base-case run) makes use of regulatory reported VOC and particulate matter emissions data for the large oil sands mining facilities in northeastern Alberta, Canada, while the second emissions dataset (sensitivity run) uses emissions estimates based on box-flight aircraft observations around specific facilities (Li et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017) and a mass-balance analysis (Gordon et al., 2015) to derive total facility emission rates. The preparation of model-ready emissions files for the base-case and sensitivity run is described in an accompanying paper by Zhang et al. (2017). The large increases in VOC and OA emissions in the revised emissions data set for four large oil sands mining facilities were found to improve the modeled VOC and OA concentration maxima in plumes from these facilities, as shown with the 99th percentile statistic and illustrated by case studies. The results show that the VOC emission speciation profile from each oil sand facility is unique and different from standard petrochemical-refinery emission speciation profiles used for other regions in North America. A feedback between larger long-chain alkane emissions and higher secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations was found to be significant for some facilities and improved OA predictions for those plumes. The use of the revised emissions data resulted in a large improvement of the model OA bias; however, the decrease in OA correlation coefficient suggests the need for further improvements to model organic aerosol emissions and formation processes. Including intermediate volatile organic compound (IVOC) emissions as precursors to SOA and spatially allocating more PM1 POA emissions (primary organic aerosol of 1.0 μm or less in diameter) to mine-face locations are both recommended to improve OA bias and correlation further. A systematic bias in the background OA was also predicted on most flights, likely due to under-predictions in biogenic SOA formation. Overall, the weight of evidence suggests that the new aircraft-observation-derived organic emissions help to constrain better the fugitive organic emissions, which are a challenge to estimate in the creation of bottom up emission inventories. This work shows that the use of facility-specific emissions, based on direct observations, rather than generic emission factors and speciation profiles can result in improvements to model predictions of VOCs and OA. Emissions estimation techniques, such as those used to construct the inventories in our study, may therefore have beneficial impacts when applied to other regions with large sources of VOCs and OA.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compound-Mediated Antifungal Activity of Pichia spp. and Its Effect on the Metabolic Profiles of Fermentation Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Zhang ◽  
Hai Du ◽  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Fermented Grains ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are chemicals responsible for antagonistic activity between microorganisms. The impact of VOCs on microbial community succession of fermentation is not well understood. In this study, Pichia spp. were evaluated for VOC production as a part of antifungal activity during baijiu fermentation. The results showed that the abundance of Pichia in the defect group (agglomerated fermented grains) was lower than that in control group, and a negative interaction between Pichia and Monascus was determined (P < 0.05). In addition, the disruption of fungi was significantly related to the differences of metabolic profiles in fermented grains. To determine production of VOCs from Pichia and its effect on Monascus purpureus, a double-dish system was assessed, and the incidence of M. purpureus reduction was 39.22% after 7 days. As to antifungal volatile compounds, 2-phenylethanol was identified to have an antifungal effect on M. purpureus through contact and noncontact. To further confirm the antifungal activity of 2-phenylethanol, scanning electron microscopy showed that 2-phenylethanol widely and significantly inhibited conidium germination and mycelial growth of filamentous fungi. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that the Ehrlich pathway is the metabolic path of 2-phenylethanol in Pichia and identified potential antifungal mechanisms, including protein synthesis and DNA damage. This study demonstrated the role of volatile compound-mediated microbial interaction in microbiome assembly and discovered a plausible scenario in which Pichia antagonized fungal blooms. The results may improve the niche establishment and growth of the functional yeast that enhances the flavor of baijiu. IMPORTANCE Fermentation of food occurs within communities of interacting species. The importance of microbial interactions in shaping microbial structure and metabolic performance to optimize the traditional fermentation process has long been emphasized, but the interaction mechanisms remain unclear. This study applied metabolome analysis and amplicon sequencing along with metatranscriptomic analysis to examine the volatile organic compound-mediated antifungal activity of Pichia and its effect on the metabolism of ethanol during baijiu fermentation, potentially enhancing the establishment of the fermentation niche and improving ethanol metabolism.

scholarly journals The impact of biogenic VOC emissions on photochemical ozone formation during a high ozone pollution episode in the Iberian Peninsula in the 2003 summer season

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Castell ◽  
A. F. Stein ◽  
R. Salvador ◽  
E. Mantilla ◽  
M. Millán
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Throughout Europe the summer of 2003 was exceptionally warm, especially July and August. The European Environment Agency (EEA) reported several ozone episodes, mainly in the first half of August. These episodes were exceptionally long-lasting, spatially extensive, and associated to high temperatures. In this paper, the 10$ndash;15 August 2003 ozone pollution event has been analyzed using meteorological and regional air quality modelling. During this period the threshold values of the European Directive 2002/3/EC were exceeded in various areas of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of this paper is to computationally understand and quantify the influence of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in the formation of tropospheric ozone during this high ozone episode. Being able to differentiate how much ozone comes from biogenic emissions alone and how much comes from the interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions would be helpful to develop a feasible and effective ozone control strategy. The impact on ozone formation was also studied in combination with various anthropogenic emission reduction strategies, i.e., when anthropogenic VOC emissions and/or NOx emissions are reduced. The results show a great dependency of the BVOC contribution to ozone formation on the antropoghenic reduction scenario. In rural areas, the impact due to a NOx and/or VOC reduction does not change the BVOC impact. Nevertheless, within big cities or industrial zones, a NOx reduction results in a decrease of the biogenic impact in ozone levels that can reach 85 μg/m3, whereas an Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compound (AVOC) reduction results in a decrease of the BVOC contribution on ozone formation that varies from 0 to 30 μg/m3 with respect to the contribution at the same points in the 2003 base scenario. On the other hand, downwind of the big cities, a decrease in NOx produces a minor contribution of biogenic emissions and a decrease in AVOCs results in greater contributions of BVOCs to the formation of ozone.

INVESTIGATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) EMISSION IN OIL TERMINAL STORAGE TANK PARKS/LAKIŲJŲ ORGANINIŲ JUNGINIŲ (LOJ) EMISIJOS TYRIMAS NAFTOS TERMINALO TALPYKLŲ PARKUOSE/ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭМИССИИ ЛЕГКОЛЕТУЧИХ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ (ЛОС) В ПАРКАХ РЕЗЕРВУАРОВ НЕФТЯНОГО ТЕРМИНАЛА

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Paulauskienė ◽  
Vytenis Zabukas ◽  
Petras Vaitiekūnas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
The Impact

The problem of VOC volatilization into the atmosphere from oil terminals is discussed in the paper. Investigation of VOC concentration in an oil terminal was performed in characterized spots of the main pollutant concentration ‐ in storage tank parks of light and heavy oil products. A complex analysis of the impact of meteorological elements, oil‐product‐storage tank construction, the level of filling storage tanks with oil products on the emissions of VOCs in oil terminals and adjacent territories is provided in the paper. The dependence of VOC concentration on the following parameters of the construction of storage tanks was analysed: the capacity of storage tanks, the insulation between the wall of a storage tank and peculiarities of the pontoon construction (single, double, triple insulation). The results of the investigation may be applied for the development and improvement of the VOC calculation method (LAND 31–2007/M‐11), reduction of VOC emissions in the existing oil terminals and when developing new ones. Santrauka Analizuojami profesiniai pavojai, kuriems gresiant būtina nustatyti rizikos lygį. Tirtas darbo aplinkos mikroklimatas, apšvieta, triukšmas ir dulkėtumo lygis. Profesiniams pavojams gamyboje įvertinti siūlomas paprastas ir lankstus rizikos vertinimo metodas, pagrįstas skaitiniais kriterijais. Pateikiami penkių Estijos pramonės šakų (mašinų apdirbimo, spaudos, medienos, plastmasės ir tekstilės) tyrimo šiuo požiūriu rezultatai ir praktiniai pavyzdžiai. Kaip akivaizdžiausias pavojus sveikatai plačiai analizuojamas triukšmas, įvertinama klausos praradimo rizika. Straipsnio tikslas – atkreipti dėmesį, kaip svarbu pramonėje nustatyti profesinę riziką ir priminti apie kelis svarbius praktinius aspektus, kad darbo rizikos vertinimas būtų efektyvus ir padėtų darbuotojams, darbdaviams, darbo vietos higienos specialistams, gydytojams bei sprendimų priėmėjams.

Pilot plant plasma-catalytic system for the decomposition of a volatile organic compound

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Shreedhar Devkota ◽  
◽  
Jin Oh Jo ◽  
Dong Lyong Jang ◽  
Young Jin Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Volatile Organic
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