scholarly journals Integral Aircraft Wing Panels with Penetration Cracks: The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Stress Intensity Factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4142
Author(s):  
Gong Hai ◽  
Yi Bin ◽  
Wu Yunxin ◽  
Liao Zhiqi ◽  
Liu Yaoqiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Bending Load

The finite element model of integral wing panels with central penetration cracks under bending load was established, and the crack propagation process of the aircraft panel was simulated. The stress intensity factor (SIF) of the crack tip during crack propagation under varying conditions of crack length and panel structural parameters was determined. The effects of the panel structure parameters and crack size on the crack tip SIF were obtained. The regression analysis of the finite simulation element results has been performed and a regression model of SIF at the crack tip of the integral panel has been established, the determination coefficient of the regression model is 0.955.

Effect of the Crack Surface Friction on the Field Strength of Bi-Material-Interfacial Crack

2016 ◽  
Vol 713 ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
You Tang Li ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Effective Stress ◽  
Crack Surface ◽  
Interfacial Crack ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Crack Size

The stress field, displacement field and stress intensity factor are discussed based on elastic theory in this paper. The finite element model for interface crack of bi-material is set up, the friction phenomena of interface between two materials is simulated. The effect of crack size ratio and friction factor of crack surface on crack tip displacement, equivalent effective stress and stress intensity factor are analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the crack surface friction coefficient, the displacement and equivalent effective stress of the crack tip, and stress intensity factor will also increase under the condition of the same crack size. If the crack surface friction is ignored, the results will be not precise and are not in conformity with the practical engineering, even the significant impacts will disappear in the research for crack initiation, extension and fracture.

Crack Growth Sensitivity to the Magnitude and Frequency of Load Fluctuation in Stage 1b of High pH Stress Corrosion Cracking

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3711 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Niazi ◽  
Greg Nelson ◽  
Lyndon Lamborn ◽  
Reg Eadie ◽  
Weixing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Plastic Zone ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Cyclic Plastic Zone ◽  
Secondary Cracks

Pipelines undergo sequential stages before failure caused by High pH Stress Corrosion Cracking (HpHSCC). These sequential stages are incubation stage, intergranular crack initiation (Stage 1a), crack evolution to provide the condition for mechanically driven crack growth (Stage 1b), sustainable mechanically driven crack propagation (Stage 2), and rapid crack propagation to failure (Stage 3). The crack propagation mechanisms in Stage 1b are composed of the nucleation and growth of secondary cracks on the free surface and crack coalescence of secondary cracks with one another and the primary crack. These mechanisms continue until the stress intensity factor (<i>K</i>) at the crack tip reaches a critical value, known as <i>K</i><sub>ISCC</sub>. This investigation took a novel approach to study Stage 1b in using pre-cracked Compact Tension (CT) specimens. Using pre-cracked specimens and maintaining <i>K</i> at less than <i>K</i><sub>ISCC</sub> provided an opportunity to study crack initiation on the surface of the specimen under plane stress conditions in the presence of a pre-existing crack. In the present work, the effects of cyclic loading characteristics on crack growth behavior during Stage 1b were studied. It was observed that the pre-existing cracks during Stage 1b led to the initiation of secondary cracks. The initiation of the secondary cracks at the crack tip depended on loading characteristics, <i>i.e</i>., the amplitude and frequency of load fluctuations. The secondary cracks at the crack tip can be classified into four categories based on their positions with respect to the primary crack. A high density of intergranular cracks formed in the cyclic plastic zone generated by low R-ratio cycles. The higher the frequency of the low <i>R</i>-ratio cycles, the higher the density of the intergranular cracks forming in the cyclic plastic zone. The crack growth rate increased with an increase in either the amplitude or the frequency of the load fluctuations. The minimum and maximum crack growth rates were 8×10<sup>-9</sup> mm/s and 4.2×10<sup>-7</sup> mm/s, respectively, with <i>R</i>-ratio varying between 0.2 and 0.9, frequency varying between 10<sup>-4</sup> Hz and 5×10<sup>-2</sup> Hz, and at a fixed stress intensity factor of 15 MPa.m<sup>0.5</sup>. It was found that avoiding rapid and large load fluctuations slowed down crack geometry evolution and delayed onset of Stage 2. The implication of these results for pipeline operators is that reducing internal pressure fluctuations by reducing the frequency and/or amplitude of the fluctuations can expand Stage 1 and increase the reliable lifetime of operating pipelines.

Fatigue crack propagation experiment and numerical simulation of 42CrMo steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (14) ◽  
pp. 2852-2862
Author(s):  
Jianwei Dong ◽  
Weichi Pei ◽  
Hongchao Ji ◽  
Haiyang Long ◽  
Xiaobin Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Fatigue Crack Propagation ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
42Crmo Steel ◽  
Crack Tip Stress

42CrMo steel is widely used in ultrahigh-strength structures such as low-speed heavy-duty gears. Mastering the fatigue crack propagation law has important significance for predicting structural fatigue life. Firstly, the fatigue crack propagation experiment is used to obtain the upper and lower thresholds value of type I fatigue crack propagation of 42CrMo steel compact tensile specimen under the alternating load of stress ratio R = 0.1. The Paris formula describing the relationship between the fatigue crack propagation rate and the crack tip stress intensity factor between the upper and lower thresholds value is obtained. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microscopic features of different stages of fatigue fracture. The results show that the twin boundary can provide a place for crack initiation; the defects in the material can promote the initiation and extension of fatigue cracks. The fatigue crack propagation of 42CrMo steel compact tensile specimens was numerically simulated by the finite element method. The relationship between the crack tip stress intensity factor and the crack length was obtained. The analysis results show that the crack tip stress intensity factor calculated by the plane finite element method differs slightly from the experimental results during the stable extension stage. After correction, the correlation coefficient between the numerical simulation correction value and the crack tip stress intensity factor value obtained by the experiment is 0.9926. Finally, the fatigue crack propagation rate corresponding to the crack tip stress intensity factor in the finite element results is calculated by the Paris formula and briefly analyzed. Compared with the experimental results, it shows that the numerical simulation is consistent with it, indicating the accuracy of the numerical simulation method, which can effectively predict the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in 42CrMo steel compact tensile specimens.

Crack-Tip Shielding Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Porous Silicon Carbide

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Keisuke Tanaka ◽  
Yasuki Kita
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Crack Extension ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Crack Propagation Rate ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Crack Tip Shielding ◽  
Crack Tip Stress

A sharply notched specimen of porous silicon carbide with porosity of 37% was fatigued under four-point bending. The opening displacement of a fatigue crack was measured at several positions along cracks by using scanning electron microscopy. The crack propagation curve was divided into stages I, II, and III. The crack propagation rate first decreased with crack extension in stage I and became constant in stage II. In stage III, the crack propagation rate increased again. The range of crack opening displacement measured in SEM was lower than that calculated from the applied load range by FEM, suggesting that the anomalous variation of the crack propagation rate with crack extension was caused by crack-tip shielding due to crack face contact. The crack-tip stress intensity factor was estimated as a true crack driving force from the relation between the crack opening displacement and the applied load. The amount of crack-tip shielding increased very quickly with crack extension, reducing the crack-tip stress intensity factor in stage I. In stage II, the increasing applied stress intensity factor is balanced by the increase in the crack-tip shielding. The crack-tip stress intensity factor increases with crack extension in stage III.

Intersonic Crack Propagation—Part II: Suddenly Stopping Crack

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Huang ◽  
H. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Fundamental Solution ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Auxiliary Problem ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Static Crack ◽  
Intersonic Crack Propagation

In Part I of this series, we have obtained the fundamental solution for a mode II intersonic crack which involves a crack moving uniformly at a velocity between the shear and longitudinal wave speeds while subjected to a pair of concentrated forces suddenly appearing at the crack tip and subsequently acting on the crack faces. The fundamental solution can be used to generate solutions for intersonic crack propagation under arbitrary initial equilibrium fields. In this paper, Part II of this series, we study a mode II crack suddenly stopping after propagating intersonically for a short time. The solution is obtained by superposing the fundamental solution and the auxiliary problem of a static crack emitting dynamic dislocations such that the relative crack face displacement in the fundamental solution is negated ahead of where the crack tip has stopped. We find that, after the crack stops moving, the stress intensity factor rapidly rises to a finite value and then starts to change gradually toward the equilibrium value for a static crack. A most interesting feature is that the static value of stress intensity is reached neither instantaneously like a suddenly stopping subsonic crack nor asymptotically like a suddenly stopping edge dislocation. Rather, the dynamic stress intensity factor changes continuously as the shear and Rayleigh waves catch up with the stopped crack tip from behind, approaches negative infinity when the Rayleigh wave arrives, and then suddenly assumes the equilibrium static value when all the waves have passed by. This study is an important step toward the study of intersonic crack propagation with arbitrary, nonuniform velocities.

Three-Dimensional Extended Analysis and Life Prediction of Gear Crack

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 4863-4869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ma ◽  
Ren Ping Shao ◽  
Fei Fei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Involute Gear ◽  
Fracture Damage ◽  
Root Crack

Based on the linear-elastic fracture theory, the fracture damage of gear structure is studied. By using the professional fracture analysis software FRANC3D, a three-dimensional propagation analysis is investigated for tooth root crack in involute gear, and also solving the three types of stress intensity factor(SIF) in tooth root semicircle crack tip, its changing rule and the 3D stress intensity factor formula are obtained. On this basis, a simulation analysis and study is conducted on propagation route of 3D tooth root crack, and the correctness of the analysis results is verified by comparing with the experimental results. Finally according to the mutation of maximum stress intensity factor in the crack tip，the fracture damage of gear teeth is predicated, and its working life is forecasted. By analyzing the different crack size, it is concluded that crack propagation velocity is very sensitive to crack initial length; initially, crack propagation slowly grow, with the increasing of crack length, the crack propagation will rapidly accelerate. The cycle life of fatigue crack in involute gear is about 1.85E5 times. All these findings have important significance for life estimation and failure detection of gear.

A new type of cracks adding to Griffith–Irwin cracks

2019 ◽  
Vol 485 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
V. A. Babeshko ◽  
O. M. Babeshko ◽  
O. V. Evdokimova
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
New Type

The distinctions in the description of the conditions of cracking of materials are revealed. For Griffith–Irwin cracks, fracture is determined by the magnitude of the stress-intensity factor at the crack tip; in the case of the new type of cracks, fracture occurs due to an increase in the stress concentrations up to singular concentrations.

scholarly journals Optimisation Method for Determination of Crack Tip Position Based on Gauss-Newton Iterative Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yang ◽  
Zhanjiang Wei ◽  
Zhen Liao ◽  
Shuwei Zhou ◽  
Shoune Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Plastic Zone ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient ◽  
Loading Process ◽  
Tip Position

AbstractIn the digital image correlation research of fatigue crack growth rate, the accuracy of the crack tip position determines the accuracy of the calculation of the stress intensity factor, thereby affecting the life prediction. This paper proposes a Gauss-Newton iteration method for solving the crack tip position. The conventional linear fitting method provides an iterative initial solution for this method, and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used to solve the ill-conditioned matrix. A noise-added artificial displacement field is used to verify the feasibility of the method, which shows that all parameters can be solved with satisfactory results. The actual stress intensity factor solution case shows that the stress intensity factor value obtained by the method in this paper is very close to the finite element result, and the relative error between the two is only − 0.621%; The Williams coefficient obtained by this method can also better define the contour of the plastic zone at the crack tip, and the maximum relative error with the test plastic zone area is − 11.29%. The relative error between the contour of the plastic zone defined by the conventional method and the area of the experimental plastic zone reached a maximum of 26.05%. The crack tip coordinates, stress intensity factors, and plastic zone contour changes in the loading and unloading phases are explored. The results show that the crack tip change during the loading process is faster than the change during the unloading process; the stress intensity factor during the unloading process under the same load condition is larger than that during the loading process; under the same load, the theoretical plastic zone during the unloading process is higher than that during the loading process.

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