scholarly journals Analysis of Chronic Periodontitis in Tonsillectomy Patients: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Byun ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Yong Bok Kim ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
Sung Hun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
National Cohort

This study aimed to compare the risk of chronic periodontitis (CP) between participants who underwent tonsillectomy and those who did not (control participants) using a national cohort dataset. Patients who underwent tonsillectomy were selected from a total of 514,866 participants. A control group was included if participants had not undergone tonsillectomy from 2002 to 2015. The number of CP treatments was counted from the date of the tonsillectomy treatment. Patients who underwent tonsillectomy were matched 1:4 with control participants who were categorized based on age, sex, income, and region of residence. Finally, 1044 patients who underwent tonsillectomy were matched 1:4 with 4176 control participants. The adjusted estimated value of the number of post-index date (ID) CP did not reach statistical significance in any post-ID year (each of p > 0.05). In another subgroup analysis according to the number of pre- ID CP, it did not show statistical significance. This study revealed that tonsillectomy was not strongly associated with reducing the risk of CP. Even though the tonsils and periodontium are located adjacently, and tonsillectomy and CP may be related to bacterial inflammation, there was no significant risk of CP in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Chronic Periodontitis in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health-Screening Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Byun ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Il Seok Park ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
Sung Kyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

This study compared the risk of chronic periodontitis (CP) between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and non-chronic rhinosinusitis (control) patients using a national cohort dataset from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. CRS (n = 5951) and control participants (n = 23,804) were selected after 1:4 ratio matching for age, sex, income, region of residence, and preoperative CP visits. Postoperative CP visits were measured between 2002 and 2015. The margin of equivalence of the difference between the CRS and control groups was set between −0.5 and 0.5. Statistical significance was noted in the post-index date (ID) of the third, fourth, and fifth year periods. In subgroup analyses according to age and sex, statistical significance was observed in 40–59-year-old males in post-ID third, fourth, and fifth year periods, ≥60-year-old males in post-ID third and fourth year periods, and ≥60-year-old females in post-ID fifth year period (p < 0.05, each). In another subgroup analysis based on the number of pre-ID CP visits, statistical significance was observed for pre-ID CP (0 time) in the third, fourth, and fifth year periods (p < 0.05, each). This study revealed that CRS participants were likely to receive CP diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with migraine: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort in South Korea

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Yeon Lee ◽  
Jae-Sung Lim ◽  
Dong Jun Oh ◽  
Il Gyu Kong ◽  
Hyo Geun Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Migraine Group

ObjectiveAccumulating evidence has supported the association between migraine and stroke, but the causative association remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the risks of different types of stroke in patients with migraine.DesignA longitudinal follow-up study.SettingData collected from a national cohort between 2002 and 2013 by the South Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment.ParticipantsWe extracted the data from patients with migraine (n=41 585) and 1:4 matched controls (n=1 66 340) and analysed the occurrence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. The migraine group included participants treated for migraine (International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10): G43)≥2 times. Haemorrhagic stroke (I60-I62) and ischaemic stroke (I63) were determined based on the admission histories. The crude and adjusted HRs were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models, and the 95% CI were determined. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were also performed.ResultsHigher rates of ischaemic stroke were observed in the migraine group (2.3% [964/41,585]) than in the control group (2.0% [3294/166 340], P<0.001). The adjusted HR for ischaemic stroke was 1.18 (95% CI=1.10 to 1.26) in the migraine group (P<0.001). Compared with control subjects, participants who reported migraine with aura and migraine without aura had increased adjusted HRs of 1.44 (95% CI=1.09 to 1.89) and 1.15 (95% CI=1.06 to 1.24), respectively, for ischaemic stroke, but no increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke. In our subgroup analysis, a strong association between migraine and ischaemic stroke was observed in young patients, specifically young women. The contribution of migraine to the occurrence of ischaemic stroke was also observed in middle-aged women and old women (each P<0.05). The risk of haemorrhagic stroke did not reach statistical significance in any age group.ConclusionMigraine is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke, but not haemorrhagic stroke.

Chronic Periodontitis Could Increase Cardiovascular Events: A Ten Years Follow-Up Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jae Cho ◽  
Myung-Seop Shin ◽  
Sue Kyung Park ◽  
Sang Min Park ◽  
Hyun-Duck Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Follow Up Study

Comparing Midterm Outcomes of High-Level Athletes Versus Nonathletes Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Propensity-Matched Comparison With Minimum 5-Year Follow-up

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110417
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Jimenez ◽  
Peter F. Monahan ◽  
David R. Maldonado ◽  
Benjamin R. Saks ◽  
Hari K. Ankem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
High Level

Background: High-level athletes (HLAs) have been shown to have better short-term outcomes than nonathletes (NAs) after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: (1) To report midterm outcomes of HLAs after primary hip arthroscopy and (2) to compare their results with a propensity-matched cohort of NA patients. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed between February 2008 and November 2015 for HLAs (professional, college, or high school) who underwent primary hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). HLAs were included if they had preoperative, minimum 2-year, and minimum 5-year follow-up data for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and Hip Outcome Score Sports-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS). Radiographic and intraoperative findings, surgical procedures, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), minimal clinically important difference (MCID), and return to sport were reported. The HLA study group was propensity-matched to a control group of NA patients for comparison. Results: A total 65 HLA patients (67 hips) were included in the final analysis with mean follow-up time of 74.6 ± 16.7 months. HLAs showed significant improvement in all PROs recorded, achieved high rates of MCID and PASS for mHHS (74.6% and 79.4%, respectively) and HOS-SSS (67.7% and 66.1%, respectively), and returned to sport at high rates (80.4%). When compared with the propensity-matched NA control group, HLAs reported higher baseline but comparable postoperative scores for the mHHS and NAHS. HLA patients achieved MCID and PASS for mHHS at similar rates as NA patients, but the HLA patients achieved PASS for HOS-SSS at higher rates that trended toward statistical significance (66.1% vs 48.4%; P = .07). NA patients underwent revision arthroscopic surgery at similar rates as HLA patients (14.9% vs 9.0%, respectively; P = .424). Conclusion: Primary hip arthroscopy results in favorable midterm outcomes in HLAs. When compared with a propensity-matched NA control group, HLAs demonstrated a tendency toward higher rates of achieving PASS for HOS-SSS but similar arthroscopic revision rates at minimum 5-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitor use is not associated with severe COVID-19 related outcomes: A propensity score weighted analysis of a national veteran cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailja C. Shah ◽  
Alese Halvorson ◽  
Brandon McBay ◽  
Chad Dorn ◽  
Otis Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Weighted Analysis ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Primary Composite Outcome

Background and Aims: Low pH deactivates most pathogens, including coronaviruses. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are potent gastric acid suppressing medications. Whether PPI use vs non-use is associated with severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outcomes remains uncertain. We aimed to compare severe COVID-19 outcomes between current outpatient PPI users and non-users. Methods: We conducted a retrospective propensity score-weighted analysis of a national cohort of US veterans with established care who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) through January 9, 2021, and who had 60 days of follow-up. The positive test date was the index date. Current outpatient PPI use up to and including the index date (primary exposure) was compared to non-use, defined as no PPI prescription fill in the 365 days prior to the index date. The primary outcome was a composite of use of mechanical ventilation or death within 60 days. Weighted logistic regression models evaluated severe COVID-19 outcomes between current PPI users vs non-users. Results: Of 97,674 Veterans with SARS-CoV-2 testing, 14,958 tested positive (6262 [41.9%] current PPI users, 8696 [58.1%] non-users) and comprised the analytic cohort. After weighting, all covariates were well-balanced. In the weighted cohort, there was no difference in the primary composite outcome (8.2% vs 8.0%; OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.91-1.16), secondary composite outcome, nor individual component outcomes between current PPI users and non-users. There was no significant interaction between age and PPI use on outcomes. Conclusion: Among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, current PPI use vs non-use is not associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes.

scholarly journals Delay to initiate treatment is associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a follow up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
kiros Tedla ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Gebretsadik Berhe ◽  
Afework Mulugeta ◽  
Nega Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background : Previous studies in Ethiopia indicated that tuberculosis (TB) patient’s elapse long time before treatment initiation. However, there is very limited evidence on the association of delay to initiate treatment with treatment outcome. Objective : To investigate the association of time to treatment initiation delay with treatment outcomes of new adult TB patients in Tigray region of Ethiopia. Methods : We conducted a follow up study from October 2018 to April 2020 by recruiting 875 newly diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients from 21 randomly selected health facilities. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique during treatment initiation from October 1/2018 to October 30/2019. Delay to initiate treatment and treatment outcome were collected using standardized questionnaire and laboratory investigation. Adherence of TB patients to their treatment was collected using a 10 points linear visual analogue scale (VAS) at the end of treatment. The association of delay to initiate treatment with treatment outcome was modeled using log binomial regression model. Statistical significance was reported whenever p-value was less than 0.05. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Result : The median total delay to treatment initiation was 62 days with inter-quartile range of 16-221 days. A unite increase in a day to initiate treatment results in increment of risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome by 2.3. Other factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes were being less adherent to the treatment, HIV co infection, being smear positive at initiation of treatment and after 2 months of treatment initiation. Conclusion : delay in a day to initiate treatment is associated with increased risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome. Any effort targeted towards reducing the negative effects of PTB should target on strategies that reduces the length of delay to initiate treatment and strengthen community engagement to improve treatment adherence of patients that have started treatment.

P–328 Dienogest significantly decreases the size of the cyst and alters Anti-Müllerian Hormone concentration in patients with endometrioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Karataş ◽  
B E Temiz ◽  
S Mumusoglu ◽  
H Yarali ◽  
G Bozdag
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respective Figure

Abstract Study question Does utilization of dienogest make any impact on the size of cyst and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) concentration in patients with endometrioma throughout 12-months? Summary answer Although dienogest makes a gradual reduction in the size of endometrioma cyst throughout 12-months, a significant drop in AMH serum concentration was also noticed. What is known already According to recent studies, pre-operative serum AMH levels might be illusively increased with parallel to the size of endometrioma which will be a misleading factor while deciding to operate the patient via cystectomy. Although dienogest is one of the medical options that might be commenced in patients with endometrioma cyst, there is limited data about its effect on the size of the endometrioma and hence serum AMH concentration throughout 12 months of follow up. Study design, size, duration The current observational cohort study was conducted among patients with endometrioma those treated with dienogest from January 2017 to January 2020. The primary outcome was alteration in diameter of endometrioma cyst at 6th and 12th months of treatment. Secondary outcome was alteration in serum AMH concentration in the same period. Of 104 patients treated with dienogest, 44 patients were excluded due to being treated with any type of surgical intervention during follow up period. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 60 patients were recruited for the final analysis. Of them, primary symptom was dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and menstrual irregularity in 16 (26.7%), 25 (41.7%) and 8 (13.3%) patients, respectively. Eighteen patients (30%) were asymptomatic. As 21 patients had bi-lateral endometrioma, size of the leading cyst was considered to be analyzed for the primary outcome measure. Paired-t test was used for comparison of numerical values and p ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistical significance. Main results and the role of chance The mean age was 31.5±8.0 years. In the time point when dienogest was started, the mean size of the endometrioma was 46.3±17.4 mm. The mean serum AMH concentration was 3.6±2.4 ng/ml. After 6 months of treatment, the mean size of the endometrioma decreased to 38.6±14.0 mm which corresponds to a mean difference of 7.8 mm (95% CI: 3.0 to 12.6; p: 0.003). The respective figure for AMH was 3.3±2.7 ng/ml which corresponds to a mean difference of 0.3 ng/ml (95% CI: –0.2 to 0.8; p: 0.23) at 6 months. After 12 months of treatment, the mean size of the endometrioma was 37.5±15.7 mm which corresponds to a mean difference of 8.9 mm (95% CI: 2.9 to 14.9; p: 0.005) at the end of 12 months. The respective figure for AMH was 2.7±1.9 ng/ml which corresponds to a mean difference of 0.9 ng/ml (95% CI: 0.1 to 1.7; p: 0.045) at the end of 12 months. The mean diameter of endometrioma and AMH concentration did not differ throughout the time period between 6th and 12th months of the treatment. Limitations, reasons for caution Although herein we present the largest data that depicts the alteration of endometrioma cyst and AMH concentration with the application of dienogest, the lack of control group is a limitation that avoids to perform any comparison. Wider implications of the findings: A shrinkage after commencement of treatment suggest that dienogest might present improvement in patients with endometrioma with respect to radiological findings, but further studies are required whether a decline in AMH concentration after 12 months refers to a genuine decrease in ovarian reserve or resolution of misleading high pre-treatment levels. Trial registration number not available

scholarly journals Racial Attitudes among South African Young Adults: A Four-year Follow-up Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Smith ◽  
Christopher R. Stones ◽  
Anthony Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Many ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Over Time

The many social changes that have occurred in South Africa since the first democratic elections in 1994 warrant that careful scrutiny be given to the racial attitudes of South Africa's young adults. Their degree of acceptance of the doctrine of deracialisation and reconciliation represents a hope or a warning about the possibility of a stable future. A follow-up study was thus carried out in order to update data collected in 1995, with the hypothesis that, over time, greater acceptance of other racial groups would be reported. In this follow-up study, the authors examined differences among a new sample of 122 Xhosa-speaking Black, 73 so-called coloured, and 234 English-speaking White young adults. Data were collected using a questionnaire that assessed aspects of these groups' perceptions of themselves (identities) and their attitudes toward other racial groups (their prejudice). Statistical significance was found between groups and over time across measures.

scholarly journals Early MRI imaging and follow-up study in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Shan-chun Zhang ◽  
Jian-jun Jia ◽  
Heng-li Zhao ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid

Abstract Aim To study the imaging features of leukoaraiosis (LA) and hemorrhage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) patients. Methods The earliest MRI images of probable CAA patients and non-CAA patients were collected. The characteristics of LA in the two groups were analyzed. Cerebral micro bleeding (CMB), superficial siderosis (SS), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were recorded in the follow-up study. The space relationship between CMB or SS and ICH was assessed. Results We found that 10/21 (47.6%) patients had occipital prominent LA and 14/21 (66.7%) patients had subcortical punctate LA before the ICH, which was higher than that of the ones in the control group (p = 0.015 and 0.038, respectively). The recurrence rate of ICH was 100% (3/3) in patients with diffuse SS and 36.4% (4/11) in patients without. The recurrence rate of ICH was 60% (3/5) in patients with multiple-lobe CMBs and 44.4% (4/9) in those without. The location of the ICH and CMB was inconsistent. ICH occurred in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere of SS in three patients with diffuse SS. Conclusion LA, diffuse SS, and multiple-lobe CMBs are important imaging characteristics of CAA, which may help make early diagnosis and predict the recurrence of ICH.

A Randomised Controlled Trail of Plasma Exchange in Rapidly Progressive Renal Failure of Myeloma.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4899-4899
Author(s):  
William F. Clark ◽  
A. Keith Stewart ◽  
Gail A. Rock ◽  
Marion Sternbach ◽  
David M. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Abstract In myeloma, plasma exchange (PE) has been suggested to prevent rapidly progressive kidney failure by reducing exposure to nephrotoxic light chains. We carried out a randomized controlled multi-centre trial comparing PE or no PE in 104 patients of whom 101 met the inclusion, exclusion criteria and 4 were lost to follow-up. We compared baseline characteristics as well as renal outcomes and performed a futility analysis to determine the sample size necessary for potential statistical significance for the changes noted. Thirty-nine patients were randomized to the control group and 58 to the PE group with a 6-month follow-up. The baseline characteristics of these 2 groups were similar including serum creatinine, dialysis dependence, age, gender, serum calcium, serum albumin, 24 -hour urine for protein levels and Durie-Salmon myeloma staging. Thirteen (33.3%) of the control group and 19 (33.3%) of the PE group died within 6 months of follow up. Ten patients (31%) in the control and 10 patients (21%) in the PE arm were dialysis dependent at 6 months. Seven patients (47%) came off dialysis in the control and 13 patients (59%) in the PE arm with the mean number of dialysis days from 0–6 months being 45.7±67.6 in the control versus 29.2±56.1 in the PE arm at 6 months. The mean serum creatinine in the control group was 314.6±256.1 μmol/L versus 215.4±215.3 μmol/L in the PE group and the composite end point of death, dialysis or serum creatinine >254 μmol/L occurred in 12 (30.8%) in the control and 11 (19.3%) in the PE arm. The futility analysis to indicate the per group sample size necessary to achieve statistical significance at 6 months for the difference we observed was infinite for cumulative mortality, 805 for dialysis dependence, 2418 for coming off dialysis, 321 for number of dialysis days, 132 for creatinine difference of 100 μmol/L and for the composite outcome of death, dialysis or creatinine>354 μmol/L, 737. We did not observe a statistically significant difference in mortality or renal morbidity for PE versus no PE in patients with myeloma and rapidly progressive kidney failure.

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