scholarly journals Enzymatic Transesterification of Waste Frying Oil from Local Restaurants in East Colombia Using a Combined Lipase System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Mary Angélica Ferreira Vela ◽  
Juan C. Acevedo-Páez ◽  
Nestor Urbina-Suárez ◽  
Yeily Adriana Rangel Basto ◽  
Ángel Darío González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification

The search for innovation and biotechnological strategies in the biodiesel production chain have become a topic of interest for scientific community owing the importance of renewable energy sources. This work aimed to implement an enzymatic transesterification process to obtain biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO). The transesterification was performed by varying reaction times (8 h, 12 h and 16 h), enzyme concentrations of lipase XX 25 split (14%, 16% and 18%), pH of reaction media (6, 7 and 8) and reaction temperature (35, 38 and 40 °C) with a fixed alcohol–oil molar ratio of 3:1. The optimum operating conditions were selected to quantify the amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) generated. The highest biodiesel production was reached with an enzyme concentration of 14%, reaction time of 8 h, pH of 7 and temperature of 38 °C. It was estimated a FAMEs production of 42.86% for the selected experiment; however, best physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel were achieved with an enzyme concentration of 16% and reaction time of 8 h. Results suggested that enzymatic transesterification process was favorable because the amount of methyl esters obtained was similar to the content of fatty acids in the WFO.

scholarly journals Optimization of an Ultrasonic-Assisted Biodiesel Production Process from One Genotype of Rapeseed (TERI (OE) R-983) as a Novel Feedstock Using Response Surface Methodology

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Almasi ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholam Hassan Najafi ◽  
Talal Yusaf ◽  
Masoud Dehghani Soufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Optimized Conditions

In recent years, due to the favorable climate conditions of Iran, the cultivation of rapeseed has increased significantly. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of biodiesel production from one genotype of rapeseed (TERI (OE) R-983). An ultrasonic approach was used in order to intensify the reaction. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to identify the optimum conditions of the process. The results of this research showed that the conversion of biodiesel was found to be 87.175% under the optimized conditions of a 4.63:1 molar ratio (methanol to oil), 56.50% amplitude, and 0.4 s pulses for a reaction time of 5.22 min. Increasing the operating conditions, such as the molar ratio from 4:1 to 5.5:1, amplitude from 50% to 72.5%, reaction time from 3 min to 7 min, and pulse from 0.4 s to 1 s, increased the FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) yield by approximately 4.5%, 2.3%, 1.2%, and 0.5%, respectively. The properties of the TERI (OE) R-983 methyl ester met the requirements of the biodiesel standard (ASTM D6751), indicating the potential of the produced biodiesel as an alternative fuel.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE FRYING OIL OVER ALUMINA SUPPORTED CHICKEN EGGSHELL CATALYST USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka S. Yusuff ◽  
Lekan T. Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Percentage Contribution

An optimization of the biodiesel production from a waste frying oil via a heterogeneous transesterification was studied. This present study is also aimed at investigating the catalytic ehaviour of the alumina supported eggshell (ASE) for the synthesis of biodiesel. A synthesized ASE catalyst, at various mixing ratios of alumina to eggshell, was investigated and exhibited a better activity for the reaction when the eggshell and alumina were mixed via incipient wetness impregnation in 2 : 1 proportion on a mass basis and calcined at 900 °C for 4 h. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized by basicity, BET, SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The 2k factorial experimental design was employed for an optimization of process variables, which include catalyst loading, reaction time, methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction temperature and their effects on the biodiesel yield were studied. The optimization results showed that the reaction time has the highest percentage contribution of 40.139% while the catalyst loading contributes the least to the biodiesel production, as low as 1.233 %. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9492) and the interaction between the reaction time and reaction temperature contributes significantly to the biodiesel production process with percentage contribution of 14.001 %, compared to other interaction terms. The biodiesel yield of 77.56% was obtained under the optimized factor combination of 4.0 wt.% catalyst loading, 120 min reaction time, 12 : 1 methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction temperature of 65 °C. The reusability study showed that the ASE catalyst could be reused for up to four cycles and the biodiesel produced under optimum conditions conformed to the ASTM standard.

Optimization of Base-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 540-543
Author(s):  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Xin Miao Xu ◽  
Jun Ren Zheng ◽  
Ze Qun Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Fried Oil

Keywords: Biodiesel, Base catalyst, Waste Fried Oil, Orthogonal design Abstract: In this article the biodiesel production procedure of base-catalyzed esterification was studied, and the optimal conditions of preparation were brought up. By applying orthogonal design, the optimal conditions of base-catalyzed esterification from waste frying oil with acid value of 4 mg/l KOH were: methanol/oil ratio, 8:1; catalyst dose, 1% oil weight; temperature, 85°C; reaction time, 1.5 h. The maximum oil conversion rate of 90% was achieved. The influence of each factor on the oil production in descending order was: methanol/oil ratio > catalyst dose > temperature > reaction time. The biodiesel refinement was carried out with three types of rinsing solutions: distilled water, satirized NaCl solvent and glacial acetic acid. Rinsing times, soap removing rate and final acid value of the biodiesel were considered as the critical factors in evaluating the effectiveness of the rinsing solution on the biodiesel refinement. The results turned out that the most suitable rinsing method for industrial application was rinsing with saturated NaCl solvent.

scholarly journals Process Analysis of PMMA Dental Resins Scraps Depolimerization: Optimization of Reaction Time and Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Bisi dos Santos Jr. ◽  
Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Armando Costa Ferreira ◽  
Caio Campos Ferreira ◽  
Lucas Pinto Bernar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
The Cross

In this work, the cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps were submitted to pyrolysis to recover MMA (Methylmethacrylate). The thermal degradation of cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps was analyzed by TG/DTG to guide the operating conditions in pilot scale. The pyrolysis experiments carried out in a reactor of 143L, at 345, 405, and 420°C, 1.0 atmosphere. The reaction liquid products obtained at 345°C, physicochemical characterized for density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index. The chemical composition of liquid products obtained at 345°C, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 110 minutes, at 405°C, 50, 70, and 130 minutes, and at 420°C, 40, 50, 80, 100, 110, and 130 minutes determined by GC-MS. The experiments show that liquid phase yields were 55.50%, 48.73%, and 48.20% (wt.), at 345, 405, and 420°C, respectively, showing a smooth sigmoid behavior, decreasing with increasing temperature, while that of gas phase were 31.69%, 36.60%, and 40.13% (wt.), respectively, increasing with temperature. The liquid products density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index obtained at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 110 minutes, varied between 0.9227 and 0.9380 g/mL, 0.566 and 0.588 mm2/s, and 1.401 and 1.414, respectively, showing percentage deviations between 0.74 and 2.36%, 7.40 and 10.86%, and 0.00 and 0.92%, respectively, compared to standard values for density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index of pure MMA at 20 °C. The GC-MS identified in the reaction liquid products at 345, 405, and 420°C, 1.0 atm, esters of carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, and aromatics, showing concentrations of MMA between 83.454 and 98.975% (area.). For all the depolymerization experiments, the concentrations of MMA in the liquid phase, between 30 and 80 minutes, reach purities above 98% (area.), decreasing drastically with increasing reaction time after 100 minutes, thus making it possible to depolymerize the cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps by pyrolysis to recover MMA. The optimum operating conditions to achieve high MMA concentrations, as well as elevated yields of liquid reaction products were 345 °C and 80 minutes.

WASTE FRYING OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION TREATED BY STEAM DRAG METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Daniel Sena MARINS ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Oliveira CARDOSO ◽  
Mara Eliza SANTOS ◽  
Jeferson MASSINHAN
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Conversion Rates

Demand for diversified biodiesel feedstocks is high and increasing, but few are viable for large-scale production, and many of those selected compete with other sectors of the chemical industry. To improve energy and environmental sustainability, fatty acids from waste oils that are improperly disposed of and pollute the environment can be used for transesterification reactions. However, they need treatment to achieve high conversion rates. In this context, the aim of this work was to perform and analyze the treatment of residual frying oil with the evaporation and entrainment process, aiming at its use as raw material to obtain biodiesel (methyl esters) by a transesterification reaction. The physicochemical properties of the residual oil after treatment were characterized by moisture content, pH and the acidity, saponification, iodine, and peroxide index. The conversion rate of the residual oil to methyl esters was determined by 1H NMR analysis. After the treatment, the method of analysis of variance showed that the oil obtained a significant reduction of the saponification, iodine, peroxide and acidity indexes, being the acidity reduced from 9.36 to 7.85 mg KOH g-1. The moisture content of 0.733% and elevation of pH to 8.0. The conversion rate of fatty acid biodiesel of residual oil was 79.3 %, lower value of standards norms (ASTM, 2005; EN, 2008; ANP, 2014), showing that the assigned methodology for frying residual oil is inefficient in biodiesel production.

scholarly journals High-Quality Biodiesel Production from Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) Oil Soapstock

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Pantoja ◽  
Vanessa Mescouto ◽  
Carlos Costa ◽  
José Zamian ◽  
Geraldo Rocha Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Buriti Oil ◽  
Brazilian Standard

The buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa) is a palm tree widely distributed throughout tropical South America. The oil extracted from the fruits of this palm tree is rich in natural antioxidants. The by-products obtained from the buriti palm have social and economic importance as well, hence the interest in adding value to the residue left from refining this oil to obtain biofuel. The process of methyl esters production from the buriti oil soapstock was optimized considering acidulation and esterification. The effect of the molar ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to soapstock in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 and the reaction time (30–90 min) were analyzed. The best conditions for acidulation were molar ratio 0.8 and reaction time of 60 min. Next, the esterification of the fatty acids obtained was performed using methanol and H2SO4 as catalyst. The effects of the molar ratio (9:1–27:1), percentage of catalyst (2–6%) and reaction time (1–14 h) were investigated. The best reaction conditions were: 18:1 molar ratio, 4% catalyst and 14 h reaction time, which resulted in a yield of 92% and a conversion of 99.9%. All the key biodiesel physicochemical characterizations were within the parameters established by the Brazilian standard. The biodiesel obtained presented high ester content (96.6%) and oxidative stability (16.1 h).

Taguchi Approach and ANOVA in Optimization of the Dissolution of Colemanite in CO2 and SO2- Water Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Zafer Ekinci ◽  
Esref Kurdal ◽  
Meltem Kizilca Coruh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Controllable Factors

Background: Turkey is approximately 72% of the world’s boron sources. Colemanite, tincal, ulexite and pandermite are among the most significant in Turkey. Boron compounds and minerals are widely used in many industrial fields. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the control of impurities in the boric acid production process using colemanite by carrying out the reaction with a mixture of CO2 and SO2 - water, and determining the appropriate process conditions to develop a new process as an alternative to the use of sulfuric acid. Due to worrying environmental problems, intensive studies are being carried out globally to reduce the amount of CO2 and SO2 gases released to the atmosphere. Methods: The Taguchi method is an experimental design method that minimizes the product and process variability by selecting the most appropriate combination of the levels of controllable factors compared to uncontrollable factors. Results: It was evaluated the effects of parameters such as reaction temperature, solid-to liquid ratio, SO2/CO2 gas flow rate, particle size, stirring speed and reaction time. The optimum conditions determined to be reaction temperature of 45°C; a solid–liquid ratio of 0.083 g.mL−1; an SO2/CO2 ratio of 2/2 mL.s−1; a particle size of -0.354+0 .210 mm; a mixing speed of 750 rpm and a reaction time of 20 min. Conclusion: Under optimum operating conditions, 96.8% of colemanite was dissolved. It is thought that the industrial application of this study will have positive effects on the greenhouse effect by contributing to the reduction of CO2 and SO2 emissions that cause global warming.

Synthesis and characterization of anthill-eggshell-Ni-Co mixed oxides composite catalyst for biodiesel production from waste frying oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka S. Yusuff ◽  
Olalekan D. Adeniyi ◽  
Sarafa O. Azeez ◽  
Moses A. Olutoye ◽  
Uduak G. Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Composite Catalyst ◽  
Waste Frying Oil
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