scholarly journals Bone Substitutes Scaffold in Human Bone: Comparative Evaluation by 3D Micro-CT Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Bedini ◽  
Raffaella Pecci ◽  
Deborah Meleo ◽  
Ilaria Campioni
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Microstructural Investigation

The main purpose of the study is to assess a selection of commercially available bone biomaterials substitutes used as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in dentistry, performing a clinical study on human subjects and using the microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis to investigate the main morphological and critical parameters of bone and biomaterials structures. Micro-CT was performed in both the phases, preclinical and clinical. In addition, it was combined with histology to analyze the extracted bone four months after implantation. Quantitative analysis of the main morphological parameters as the porosity, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) evidenced the main difference among the biomaterials properties and their influence on the bone tissue regeneration. Qualitative observations by the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the microstructure, contributed to the visualization of the mineralized areas. The analyses conducted on the bone substitutes before and after the implantation allowed quantifying the main biomaterials morphological parameters and the characterization of the human bone tissue regeneration. Thus, micro-CT and its combined application with histology demonstrated as a powerful approach for the microstructural investigation and for the final assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of the various treatments and implants.

Apatite Foam Fabrication Based on Hydrothermal Reaction of α-Tricalcium Phosphate Foam

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishikawa Kunio ◽  
Satoshi Karashima ◽  
Akari Takeuchi ◽  
Shigeki Matsuya
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Setting Reaction ◽  
Interconnected Pores

Apatite foam (AP foam) is an ideal material for bone substitutes and scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration. This is because its highly porous interconnected pores provide the space for cell growth and tissue penetration, and that its composition induces excellent tissue response and good osteoconductivity. In the present study, the feasibility of apatite foam fabrication was evaluated based on so-called dissolution-reprecipitation reaction of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) foam granules. When α-TCP foam granules were placed in water at 37°C for 24h, no reaction was observed. However, α-TCP foam set to form AP foam when treated hydrothermally at 200°C. The network of fully interconnected pores was retained, and porosity was as high as 82%. Pore size ranged from 50 to 300 0m with average pore size at 160 0m. Compressive strength was 207 kPa. Although no setting reaction was observed at 37°C, setting reaction caused by hydrothermal treatment of α-TCP foam granules at 200°C allows AP foam of any shape to be fabricated. Therefore, this method was suggested to be useful for the fabrication of bone substitutes and the scaffold in bone tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Engineering: Superiority, Concerns, Current Advancements, and Prospects

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoqing Pei ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Nicholas Dunne ◽  
Xiaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Engineering Technology

With advances in bone tissue regeneration and engineering technology, various biomaterials as artificial bone substitutes have been widely developed and innovated for the treatment of bone defects or diseases. However, there are no available natural and synthetic biomaterials replicating the natural bone structure and properties under physiological conditions. The characteristic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them an ideal candidate for developing innovative biomimetic materials in the bone biomedical field. Indeed, CNT-based materials and their composites possess the promising potential to revolutionize the design and integration of bone scaffolds or implants, as well as drug therapeutic systems. This review summarizes the unique physicochemical and biomedical properties of CNTs as structural biomaterials and reinforcing agents for bone repair as well as provides coverage of recent concerns and advancements in CNT-based materials and composites for bone tissue regeneration and engineering. Moreover, this review discusses the research progress in the design and development of novel CNT-based delivery systems in the field of bone tissue engineering.

Lactoferrin in Bone Tissue Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Icriverzi ◽  
Valentina Dinca ◽  
Magdalena Moisei ◽  
Robert W. Evans ◽  
Mihaela Trif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Active Compounds

: Among the multiple properties exhibited by lactoferrin (Lf), its involvement in bone regeneration processes is of great interest at the present time. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the ability of Lf to promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells and to inhibit bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts. Although the mechanism underlying the action of Lf in bone cells is still not fully elucidated, it has been shown that its mode of action leading to the survival of osteoblasts is complemented by its mitogenic effect. Activation of several signalling pathways and gene expression, in an LRPdependent or independent manner, has been identified. Unlike the effects on osteoblasts, the action on osteoclasts is different, with Lf leading to a total arrest of osteoclastogenesis. : Due to the positive effect of Lf on osteoblasts, the potential use of Lf alone or in combination with different biologically active compounds in bone tissue regeneration and the treatment of bone diseases is of great interest. Since the bioavailability of Lf in vivo is poor, a nanotechnology- based strategy to improve the biological properties of Lf was developed. The investigated formulations include incorporation of Lf into collagen membranes, gelatin hydrogel, liposomes, loading onto nanofibers, porous microspheres, or coating onto silica/titan based implants. Lf has also been coupled with other biologically active compounds such as biomimetic hydroxyapatite, in order to improve the efficacy of biomaterials used in the regulation of bone homeostasis. : This review aims to provide an up-to-date review of research on the involvement of Lf in bone growth and healing and on its use as a potential therapeutic factor in bone tissue regeneration.

Bifunctional hydrogel for potential vascularized bone tissue regeneration

2021 ◽  
pp. 112075
Author(s):  
Bipin Gaihre ◽  
Xifeng Liu ◽  
Linli Li ◽  
A. Lee Miller ◽  
Emily T. Camilleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Vascularized Bone

scholarly journals Nanoscale Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Pastes and Gels for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Harrison ◽  
Paul V. Hatton ◽  
Piergiorgio Gentile ◽  
Cheryl A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Bone Deposition

Injectable nanoscale hydroxyapatite (nHA) systems are highly promising biomaterials to address clinical needs in bone tissue regeneration, due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioinspired nature, and ability to be delivered in a minimally invasive manner. Bulk strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) is reported to encourage bone tissue growth by stimulating bone deposition and reducing bone resorption, but there are no detailed reports describing the preparation of a systematic substitution up to 100% at the nanoscale. The aim of this work was therefore to fabricate systematic series (0–100 atomic% Sr) of SrHA pastes and gels using two different rapid-mixing methodological approaches, wet precipitation and sol-gel. The full range of nanoscale SrHA materials were successfully prepared using both methods, with a measured substitution very close to the calculated amounts. As anticipated, the SrHA samples showed increased radiopacity, a beneficial property to aid in vivo or clinical monitoring of the material in situ over time. For indirect methods, the greatest cell viabilities were observed for the 100% substituted SrHA paste and gel, while direct viability results were most likely influenced by material disaggregation in the tissue culture media. It was concluded that nanoscale SrHAs were superior biomaterials for applications in bone surgery, due to increased radiopacity and improved biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Effect of Morphological Characteristics and Biomineralization of 3D-Printed Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds on Bone Tissue Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6794
Author(s):  
Jae-Woo Kim ◽  
Yoon-Soo Han ◽  
Hyun-Mee Lee ◽  
Jin-Kyung Kim ◽  
Young-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Hierarchical Architecture ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Composite Scaffolds

The use of porous three-dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds has attracted great attention in bone tissue engineering applications because they closely simulate the major features of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. This study aimed to prepare biomimetic composite scaffolds via a simple 3D printing of gelatin/hyaluronic acid (HA)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) and subsequent biomineralization for improved bone tissue regeneration. The resulting scaffolds exhibited uniform structure and homogeneous pore distribution. In addition, the microstructures of the composite scaffolds showed an ECM-mimetic structure with a wrinkled internal surface and a porous hierarchical architecture. The results of bioactivity assays proved that the morphological characteristics and biomineralization of the composite scaffolds influenced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In particular, the biomineralized gelatin/HA/HAp composite scaffolds with double-layer staggered orthogonal (GEHA20-ZZS) and double-layer alternative structure (GEHA20-45S) showed higher bioactivity than other scaffolds. According to these results, biomineralization has a great influence on the biological activity of cells. Hence, the biomineralized composite scaffolds can be used as new bone scaffolds in bone regeneration.

Recent Advances in PLGA-based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shue Jin ◽  
Xue Xia ◽  
Jinhui Huang ◽  
Chen Yuan ◽  
Yi Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Recent Advances
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