scholarly journals Bioaugmentation Treatment of a PAH-Polluted Soil in a Slurry Bioreactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2837
Author(s):  
Rubén Forján ◽  
Iván Lores ◽  
Carlos Sierra ◽  
Diego Baragaño ◽  
José Luis R. Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Bioslurry Reactor ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Real Scale

A bioslurry reactor was designed and used to treat loamy clay soil polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To this end, biostimulation alone, or combined with bioaugmentation with two bacterial strains (Rhodocccus erythropolis and Pseudomonas stuzeri) previously isolated from the polluted site, was applied. The PAH concentrations decreased notably after 15 days in all of the treatments. The concentrations of the two- and three-ring compounds fell by >80%, and, remarkably, the four- to six-ring PAHs also showed a marked decrease (>70%). These results thus indicate the capacity of bioslurry treatments to improve, notably, the degradation yields obtained in a previous real-scale remediation carried out using biopiles. In this sense, the remarkable results for recalcitrant PAHs can be attributed to the increase pollutants’ bioavailability achieves in the slurry bioreactors. Regarding bioaugmentation, although treatment with R. erythropolis led to a somewhat greater reduction of lighter PAHs at 15 days, the most time-effective treatment was achieved using P. stutzeri, which led to an 84% depletion of total PAHs in only three days. The effects of microbial degradation of other organic compounds were also monitored by means of combined qualitative and quantitative gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) tools, as was the evolution of microbial populations, which was analyzed by culture and molecular fingerprinting experiments. On the basis of our findings, bioslurry technology emerges as a rapid and operative option for the remediation of polluted sites, especially for fine soil fractions with a high load of recalcitrant pollutants.

Diversity and PAH growth abilities of bacterial strains isolated from a contaminated soil in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Puškárová ◽  
Mária Bučková ◽  
Katarína Chovanová ◽  
Jana Harichová ◽  
Edita Karelová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Arthrobacter Oxydans ◽  
Environmental Burdens

AbstractDifferent abandoned industrial areas contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in Slovakia. These environmental burdens are very dangerous to the health of human and environment. The bioremediation, based on the use of hydrocarbons degrading microorganisms, is a promising strategy to sanitize these polluted sites. The aim of this investigation was to assess the bacterial diversity of a PAHs-contaminated soil and to select the potential hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria which can be used for different bioremediation approaches. The bacterial strains were isolated on minimal medium agar supplemented with a mixture of PAHs. Seventy-three isolated strains were grouped by ribosomal interspacer analysis in 15 different clusters and representatives of each cluster were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The PAHs degradation abilities of all bacterial isolates were estimated by the 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol assay and by their growth on minimal broth amended with a mixture of PAHs. Different kinds of strains, members of the genus Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Acinetobacter and Sphingomonas, were isolated from the contaminated soil. Four isolates (Pseudomonas putida, Arthrobacter oxydans, Sphingomonas sp. and S. paucimobilis) showed promising PAHs-degrading abilities and therefore their possible employing in bioremediation strategies.

scholarly journals Effective Removal of Alkanes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Bacteria from Soil Chronically Exposed to Crude Petroleum Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Afkar ◽  
Aly M. Hafez ◽  
Rashid I.H. Ibrahim ◽  
Munirah Aldayel
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract In this study, two bacterial strains isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, designated as AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were able to degrade crude oil, long-chain n-alkanes of C10 to C20; (n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, n-octadecane n-nonadecane, and n-eicosane) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including biphenyl, naphthalene, and anthracene. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was conducted to analyze and identify the crude oil residues after biodegradation. AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were able to reduce the concentration of long-chain n-alkanes of C10-C20 efficiently on average by 77% of the original concentration. Both isolates could also degrade PAHs on average by 67% of the original concentration within 7 and 14 days of incubation at 30ºC, pH=6.8±0.2. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of AramcoS2 and S4 classified these isolates as Actinobacteria; well-known alkanes and PAHs degraders. The nucleotide sequences of AramcoS2 and AramcoS4 were submitted to the GenBank database under the accession numbers MN142506 and MN142551, respectively. Both isolates can be used to restore the environments contaminated with crude oil components. They should be of great practical significance both in bioremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil and bio-treatment of oil spills on surface water.

Karakterisasi Komponen Aktif Asap Cair Cangkang Sawit Hasil Pemurnian

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Fauziati Fauziati ◽  
Eldha Sampepana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Palm shell liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis and redestilasi still produce a pungent smoke flavor and color of yellow to brownish yellow so that the necessary research purification of smoke that can be used as ingredients other than preservatives, such as antiseptic hand wash. The research objective is to reduce the stinging liquid smoke aroma, color is tawny and to identify the characterization of the active components of liquid smoke shell oil refining results in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The purification process of liquid smoke with redistilled at a temperature of 2000C and by adding 4.5% zeolite adsorbent made three (3) times the resulting liquid smoke of distillate and residue. Liquid smoke produced from distillate and residue are added activated charcoal as much as 9%, 10.5% and 12%, then stirred with a shaker subsequently allowed to stand for 6 days and 10 days The results of the study showed that liquid smoke purification results of the residue by the addition of activated charcoal as 12% and the time saved for 10 days (A2B2C3) gives flavor and color by 1.94 of 1.84 is odorless, yellowish white color and clarity. While the characteristics of the active components of purification results are predominantly acetic acid and phenol compounds of residues that serve as preservatives, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds while PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), namely tar, benzoperen, gualakol and siringoll (aroma causes) undetectedABSTRAKAsap cair cangkang sawit yang diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dan redestilasi masih menghasilkan aroma asap menyengat dan warna kuning hingga kuning kecoklatan sehingga diperlukan penelitian pemurnian asap yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lain selain pengawet, seperti antiseptik pencuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengurangi aroma asap cair yang menyengat, warna yang masih kuning kecoklatan dan untuk  mengidentifikasi karakterisasi komponen aktif asap cair cangkang sawit hasil pemurnian secara Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Proses  pemurnian asap cair dengan  redistilasi pada suhu 2000C dan dengan menambahkan adsorben zeolit 4,5% yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali  dihasilkan asap cair dari Destilat dan Residu . Asap cair  yang dihasilkan dari destilat dan residu ditambahkan arang aktif sebanyak 9%,10,5% dan 12%  kemudian diaduk dengan shaker selanjutnya didiamkan selama 6 hari dan 10 hari .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair hasil pemurnian dari residu dengan penambahan arang aktif sebanyak 12% dan waktu simpan selama 10 hari ( A2B2C3 ) memberikan aroma sebesar 1,94 dan warna sebesar 1,84 adalah tidak berbau ,  warna putih kekuningan dan jernih . Sedangkan  karakteristik  komponen aktif hasil pemurnian yang paling dominan  adalah  senyawa acetic acid dan phenol  dari residu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengawet, antibakteri dan antioksidan sedangkan senyawa PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) yaitu tar, benzoperen,  gualakol  dan siringoll ( penyebab aroma ) tidak terdeteksi . Kata kunci : asap cair, cangkang sawit, komponen aktif, pemurnian, redestilasi 

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Characterization of a Non-Polar Extract of Saffron Stamens in Food Matrix

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Severino Zara ◽  
Giacomo L. Petretto ◽  
Alberto Mannu ◽  
Giacomo Zara ◽  
Marilena Budroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
By Products

The production of saffron spice generates large quantities of plant by-products: over 90% of the plant material collected is discarded, and a consideration fraction of this waste is plant stamens. This work investigated the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activities of the non-polar fraction extracted from four different saffron flower stamens. The chemical composition of ethereal extracts of the saffron stamens was qualitatively assessed by means of gas–chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. These analyses revealed ethereal extracts to possess a high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. In vitro antibacterial activity of stamen extracts showed no large differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In food matrix microbial analysis of the bacterial strains belonging to the main foodborne pathogen species, including Staphylococcus aureus DSM 20231, Escherichia coli DSM 30083, and Listeria monocytogenes DSM 20600, using low-fat UHT milk, revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of cells (particularly for E. coli and S. aureus with a complete elimination of the population of the two target bacteria following incubation in diethyl ether extracts of saffron stamen (DES) at high concentrations tested, both at 37 °C and 6 °C (for 48 h and 7 days, respectively). A synergic effect was observed when the pathogens were incubated at 6 °C with DES. This work shows these by-products to be excellent sources of bioactive compounds, which could be exploited in high-added-value products, such as food, cosmetics, and drugs.

scholarly journals Ecological Response in the Integrated Process of Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6305
Author(s):  
Xiaosen Li ◽  
Yakui Chen ◽  
Xianyuan Du ◽  
Jin Zheng ◽  
Diannan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Amine Compounds

The study applied microbial molecular biological techniques to show that 2.5% to 3.0% (w/w) of diesel in the soil reduced the types and number of bacteria in the soil and destroyed the microbial communities responsible for the nitrogen cycle. In the meantime, the alkane degradation gene alkB and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation gene nah evolved in the contaminated soil. We evaluated four different remediation procedures, in which the biostimulation-bioaugmentation joint process reached the highest degradation rate of diesel, 59.6 ± 0.25% in 27 days. Miseq sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that compared with uncontaminated soil, repaired soil provides abundant functional genes related to soil nitrogen cycle, and the most significant lifting effect on diesel degrading bacteria γ-proteobacteria. Quantitative analysis of degrading functional genes shows that degrading bacteria can be colonized in the soil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results show that the components remaining in the soil after diesel degradation are alcohol, lipids and a small amount of fatty amine compounds, which have very low toxicity to plants. In an on-site remediation experiment, the diesel content decreased from 2.7% ± 0.3 to 1.12% ± 0.1 after one month of treatment. The soil physical and chemical properties returned to normal levels, confirming the practicability of the biosimulation-bioaugmentation jointed remediation process.

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