scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling for Resilience Measurement: NATO Resilience Decision Support Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hodicky ◽  
Gökhan Özkan ◽  
Hilmi Özdemir ◽  
Petr Stodola ◽  
Jan Drozd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Measurement Mechanism ◽  
Resilience Capacity

Despite its conceptual uncertainty, resilience is mostly about the measurement of capacity. Current studies confirm the importance of resilience measurement and the necessity to support policy makers with a measurement mechanism. A holistic approach considering the measurement of different resilience domains interactively and concurrently is the critical element in this endeavor. In parallel with the rise of popularity of resilience in international organizations, NATO has initiated a project with the objective to discover whether the resilience capacity of a country can be evaluated in a dynamic way via a prototype model execution. The implemented model running both baseline (without any shock) and extraordinary scenarios (with strategic shocks), clearly demonstrates its capacity to represent quantitatively the resilience related factors of a country in the complex operational environment. Moreover, the outputs of the model substantially comply with the resilience concept existing in the literature and NATO applications. One of the main strengths of the model is its almost infinite capacity to create various scenarios and make what-if analysis limited only by the current number of endogenous parameters of the model. It allows studying the secondary and the third order effects of events introduced in scenarios. The user interfaces (input and output dashboards) of the model help decision makers modify the values of selected endogenous parameters, see and compare the time-based values of the resilience factors, and doing so to evaluate risk related to the Area of Operations. Subject matter experts have validated the model and identified the main areas of improvement. The further development brings more countries to the model and implements an aggregation mechanism for output values of both resilience capacity and risk functions. The model will form the core of the NATO Resilience expert system.

scholarly journals Designing compelling accommodationscapes: Testing a framework in a rural context

2020 ◽  
pp. 146735842097275
Author(s):  
Dora Agapito ◽  
Patrícia Pinto ◽  
Mário Passos Ascenção ◽  
Pasi Tuominen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Experiential Marketing ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Rural Context ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Practical Implications

Well-designed experiencescapes are deemed a key factor in the marketing of tourist experiences aiming at positive tourists’ responses. However, this aspect has been underrepresented in empirical research focused on accommodation businesses. This study proposes the construct compelling accommodationscape and empirically tests a theoretical framework in a rural context through the lens of experiential marketing. The proposed construct is presented as the external stimuli that underlie an engaging context of the guest experience in lodging units, based on the idea that a holistic approach to stimuli can evoke interest and attention; and, subsequently, act as a driver to positive action. Apart from physical stimuli and staff performance, which have been the factors more commonly examined in services marketing, the construct compelling accommodationscape extends the servicescape approach by also addressing product-related factors, the existence of a theme and social interactions. Structural equation modelling applied to data from a survey administered in rural lodgings in Southwest Portugal supports that the five external factors underlie the proposed construct. In turn, compelling accommodationscape is positively related to tourists’ satisfaction and positive behavioural intentions. Theoretical and practical implications are provided for scholars and rural accommodation managers.

scholarly journals A holistic engineering approach to aeronautical product development

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (1268) ◽  
pp. 1545-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Staack ◽  
K. Amadori ◽  
C. Jouannet
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Regulatory Decisions

ABSTRACTProduct development, especially in aerospace, has become more and more interconnected with its operational environment. In a constant changing world, the operational environment will be subjected to changes during the life cycle of the product. The operational environment will be affected by not only technical and non-technical perturbations, but also economical, managerial and regulatory decisions, thus requiring a more global product development approach. One way to try tackling such complex and intertwined problem advocates studying the envisioned product or system in the context of system of systems (SoS) engineering. SoSs are all around us, probably in any field of engineering, ranging from integrated transport systems, public infrastructure systems to modern homes equipped with sensors and smart appliances; from cities filling with autonomous vehicle to defence systems.Since also aerospace systems are certainly affected, this work will present a holistic approach to aerospace product development that tries spanning from needs to technology assessment. The proposed approach will be presented and analysed and key enablers and future research directions will be highlighted from an interdisciplinary point of view. Consideration of the surrounding world will require to look beyond classical engineering disciplines.

Forward psychiatry – early intervention for mental health problems among UK armed forces in Afghanistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jones ◽  
N.T. Fear ◽  
S. Wessely ◽  
G. Thandi ◽  
N. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Mental Health Practitioners ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Aeromedical Evacuation ◽  
Health Practitioners

AbstractBackgroundThis observational study examined return to duty (RTD) rates following receipt of early mental health interventions delivered by deployed mental health practitioners.MethodIn-depth clinical interviews were conducted among 975 UK military personnel referred for mental health assessment whilst deployed in Afghanistan. Socio-demographic, military, operational, clinical and therapy outcomes were recorded in an electronic health record database. Rates and predictors of EVAC were the main outcomes examined using adjusted binary logistic regression analyses.ResultsOverall 74.8% (n = 729) of personnel RTD on completion of care. Of those that underwent evacuation home (n = 246), 69.1% (n = 170) returned by aeromedical evacuation; the remainder returned home using routine air transport. Predictors of evacuation included; inability to adjust to the operational environment, family psychiatric history, previously experiencing trauma and thinking about or carrying out acts of deliberate self-harm.ConclusionDeployed mental health practitioners helped to facilitate RTD for three quarters of mental health casualties who consulted with them during deployment; psychological rather than combat-related factors predicted evacuation home.

Beyond the Code

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Shemtov
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Trade Dress

Although the law of infringement is relatively straightforward on the copying of literal and textual elements of software, the copying of non-literal and functional elements poses complex and topical questions in the context of intellectual property protection. In most cases, such elements contain the real value of a software product. This book examines the copying of non-literal and functional elements of software in both the United States and the European Union, using a holistic approach to address the most topical questions facing experts concerned with legal protection of software products across a range of technological platforms. The book focuses on five distinct but interrelated areas: contract, copyright, patent, trade-mark and trade-dress laws, and trade secrets. It also considers the protection of designs, in the context of graphical user interfaces. The book looks at software as a multilayered functional product, setting the scene for other legal discussions by highlighting software’s unique characteristics. It analyses models for the provision of software, addressing licensing patterns and overall enforceability, as well as the statutory and judicial tools for regulating the use of such licences. Further, it explores the protection of non-literal and functional software elements under EU and US copyright law, with emphasis on internal architecture and behavioural elements. Finally, it describes the application of trade-dress protection to software’s ‘look and feel’, particularly relevant to the provision of software in the cloud environment.

scholarly journals Computer Assisted Wargame for Military Capability-Based Planning

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Jan Hodický ◽  
Dalibor Procházka ◽  
Fabian Baxa ◽  
Josef Melichar ◽  
Milan Krejčík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Capability Development ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Military Capability ◽  
Computer Assistance ◽  
Qualitative Technique ◽  
The Military

Capability-based planning as an approach to defense planning is an almost infinitely complex engineered system with countless nodes and layers of interdependency, influenced by state and non-state diplomatic activities, information, military and economic actions creating secondary and third order effects. The main output of capability-based planning is the set of capability requirements needed to achieve the expected end-state. One revitalized qualitative technique that allows us to gain insights into unstructured and fuzzy problems in the military is wargaming—in its simplest form this involves manual wargaming. At the same time, there has been a push to bring computer assistance to such wargaming, especially to support umpire adjudication and move more generally towards full automation of human elements in wargames. However, computer assistance in wargaming should not be pushed, regardless of cost, towards quantitative techniques. The objective complexity of a problem often does not allow us to replicate the operational environment with the required fidelity to get credible experimental results. This paper discusses a discovery experiment aiming to verify the concept of applying a qualitative expert system within computer assisted wargaming for developing capability requirements in order to reduce umpire bias and risk associated with their decisions. The innovation here lies in applying system dynamics modelling and simulation paradigms when designing the theoretical model of capability development, which forms the core of the expert system. This new approach enables qualitative comparisons between different sets of proposed capability requirements. Moreover, the expert system allows us to reveal the effects of budget cuts on proposed capability requirement solutions, which the umpire was previously unable to articulate when comparing individual solutions by relying solely on his own knowledge. Players in the wargame validated the proposed concept and suggested how the study might be developed going forward: namely, by enabling users to define their own capabilities and not being limited by a predefined set of capabilities.

Effective Leadership and Management in Universities through Quality Management Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 1437-1458
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu Prince Ololube ◽  
Comfort N. Agbor ◽  
Chinyere Onyemaechi Agabi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Staff Development ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Management Models

Governments around the world have displayed lack of urgency to compel universities leaders and managers to improve the way they prepare the human resources bases of their national economies. The purpose of this research is to specifically evaluate the existing leadership styles and management practices in universities in Nigeria using Quality Management models to identify some excellence-related factors associated with success in the models. This investigation adopted a survey research design. The population of the study consists of university lecturers. A questionnaire was used to gather data through purposeful sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using quantitative research procedures. The findings are that higher education institutions in Nigeria need to adopt a holistic approach to the management of transformation that addresses variety of concerns relating to effective leadership and management, staff development structure and systems reform, effective financial management and research and development.

Computer Controlled High-Throughput Integration System: FasTEM

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1144-1145
Author(s):  
K. Fukushima ◽  
R.M. O'Donnell ◽  
K. Fujiwara ◽  
H. Kai ◽  
E. Okunishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Windows Nt ◽  
Computer Controlled

IntroductionFor the nano-area analysis of materials, it is necessary to evaluate all data obtained by HRTEM, EDS, EELS, and/or Energy Filter. Up till now, each analytical/imaging instrument required its original computer control system. Thus, the total operational environment for the nano-area analysis was not convenient for us. Recent progress of computer technology provides the ability to build a high performance environment for seamless operation by Client/Server design.We have developed computer controlled high-throughput integration system based on PC, called FasTEM system, having seamless integration function and real-time remote control function of all instruments related to nano-area analysis. The FasTEM system is composed of Windows NT based Server PC System that is connected to the target TEM via RS232C for integrated operation, and Client PC SYSTEM connected to the Server PC via TCP/IP for remote operation (Fig.l).Seamless Integration FunctionAll user interfaces of the analytical/imaging instruments, such as HRTEM, STEM BF/DF, EDS, PEELS and GIF can be seamlessly integrated into the Server PC.

scholarly journals Adverse drug reactions in older adults: a narrative review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatrice Zazzara ◽  
Katie Palmer ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Angelo Carfì ◽  
Onder Graziano
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Purpose Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a common and potentially preventable cause of unplanned hospitalization, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. We aimed to review the classification and occurrence of ADRs in the older population, discuss the role of age as a risk factor, and identify interventions to prevent ADRs. Methods We performed a narrative scoping review of the literature to assess classification, occurrence, factors affecting ADRs, and possible strategies to identify and prevent ADRs. Results Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are often classified as Type A and Type B reactions, based on dose and effect of the drugs and fatality of the reaction. More recently, other approaches have been proposed (i.e. Dose, Time and Susceptibility (DoTS) and EIDOS classifications). The frequency of ADRs varies depending on definitions, characteristics of the studied population, and settings. Their occurrence is often ascribed to commonly used drugs, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, digoxin, insulin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Age-related factors—changes in pharmacokinetics, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and frailty—have been related to ADRs. Different approaches (i.e. medication review, software identifying potentially inappropriate prescription and drug interactions) have been suggested to prevent ADRs and proven to improve the quality of prescribing. However, consistent evidence on their effectiveness is still lacking. Few studies suggest that a comprehensive geriatric assessment, aimed at identifying individual risk factors, patients’ needs, treatment priorities, and strategies for therapy optimization, is key for reducing ADRs. Conclusions Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a relevant health burden. The medical complexity that characterizes older patients requires a holistic approach to reduce the burden of ADRs in this population.

Effective Leadership and Management in Universities through Quality Management Models

2017 ◽  
pp. 224-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu Prince Ololube ◽  
Comfort N. Agbor ◽  
Chinyere Onyemaechi Agabi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Staff Development ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Management Models

Governments around the world have displayed lack of urgency to compel universities leaders and managers to improve the way they prepare the human resources bases of their national economies. The purpose of this research is to specifically evaluate the existing leadership styles and management practices in universities in Nigeria using Quality Management models to identify some excellence-related factors associated with success in the models. This investigation adopted a survey research design. The population of the study consists of university lecturers. A questionnaire was used to gather data through purposeful sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using quantitative research procedures. The findings are that higher education institutions in Nigeria need to adopt a holistic approach to the management of transformation that addresses variety of concerns relating to effective leadership and management, staff development structure and systems reform, effective financial management and research and development.

Personalized Acoustic Interfaces for Human-Computer Interaction

2011 ◽  
pp. 180-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rennies ◽  
Stefan Goetze ◽  
Jens-E. Appell
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Ambient Assisted Living ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Concrete Realization ◽  
Computer Interaction

The importance of personalized and adaptable user-interfaces has been extensively discussed (European Ambient Assisted Living Innovation Alliance, 2009; Alexandersson et al., 2009). However, it often remains unclear how to specifically implement such concepts. In the field of acoustic communication, existing models and technologies offer a wide range of possibilities. Based on these technologies, this chapter presents a concrete realization of a model-based interface in the field of acoustic human-computer interaction. The core element of the implementation is a holistic approach towards a hearing perception model, which incorporates information of the acoustic environment, the context and the user himself provides relevant information for control and adjustment of adaptable and personalized acoustic user interfaces. In principle, this way of integrating state-of-the-art technologies and models into user interfaces could be applied to other sensory perceptions as e.g. vision.

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