scholarly journals General Total Least Squares Theory for Geodetic Coordinate Transformations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Qin ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Wenxian Zeng ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Total Least Squares ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Normal Equation ◽  
Transformation Models ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Global Positioning

Datum transformations are a fundamental issue in geodesy, Global Positioning System (GPS) science and technology, geographical information science (GIS), and other research fields. In this study, we establish a general total least squares (TLS) theory which allows the errors-in-variables model with different constraints to formulate all transformation models, including affine, orthogonal, similarity, and rigid transformations. Through the adaptation of the transformation models to the constrained TLS problem, the nonlinear constrained normal equation is analytically derived, and the transformation parameters can be iteratively estimated by fixed-point formulas. We also provide the statistical characteristics of the parameter estimator and the unit of precision of the control points. Two examples are given, as well as an analysis of the results on how the estimated quantities vary when the number of constraints becomes larger.

scholarly journals Deformation analysis with Total Least Squares

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Acar ◽  
M. T. Özlüdemir ◽  
O. Akyilmaz ◽  
R. N. Çelik ◽  
T. Ayan
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Total Least Squares ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
Coordinate Changes

Abstract. Deformation analysis is one of the main research fields in geodesy. Deformation analysis process comprises measurement and analysis phases. Measurements can be collected using several techniques. The output of the evaluation of the measurements is mainly point positions. In the deformation analysis phase, the coordinate changes in the point positions are investigated. Several models or approaches can be employed for the analysis. One approach is based on a Helmert or similarity coordinate transformation where the displacements and the respective covariance matrix are transformed into a unique datum. Traditionally a Least Squares (LS) technique is used for the transformation procedure. Another approach that could be introduced as an alternative methodology is the Total Least Squares (TLS) that is considerably a new approach in geodetic applications. In this study, in order to determine point displacements, 3-D coordinate transformations based on the Helmert transformation model were carried out individually by the Least Squares (LS) and the Total Least Squares (TLS), respectively. The data used in this study was collected by GPS technique in a landslide area located nearby Istanbul. The results obtained from these two approaches have been compared.

MOBIC: Designing a Travel Aid for Blind and Elderly People

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Petrie ◽  
Valerie Johnson ◽  
Thomas Strothotte ◽  
Andreas Raab ◽  
Steffi Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Independent Mobility ◽  
Navigation Assistance ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Mobility Aids

This paper presents the research for the development of a new travel aid to increase the independent mobility of blind and elderly travellers. This aid will build on the technologies of geographical information systems (GIS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS). The MOBIC Travel Aid (MOTA) consists of two interrelated components: the MOBIC Pre-journey System (MOPS) to assist users in planning journeys and the MOBIC Outdoor System (MOODS) to execute these plans by providing users with orientation and navigation assistance during journeys. The MOBIC travel aid is complementary to primary mobility aids such as the long cane or guide dog. Results of a study of user requirements are presented and their implications for the initial design of the system are discussed.

Comparing of Coordinate Transformation Based on Total Least Squares and Least Squares

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1211-1214
Author(s):  
Qing Wu Meng ◽  
Lu Meng
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Coordinate Transformation ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Total Least Squares ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Transformation Models ◽  
Total Least Square

The coordinate transformation models based on least square method and total least square are built and discussed. The least square model only includes the errors of observation vectors, the total least square model simultaneously takes into consideration to the errors of observation vectors and the errors of coefficient matrix. The both models are verified and compared in experiment. The experimental results showed that the model of total least square is more in line with actual, and more reasonable than by least square theoretically, and the coordinate transformation solution result of total least square with least square is more near.

scholarly journals The Application of Global Positioning System (GPS) in Mapping Survey of Historical and Archeological Site

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Khakhim
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Archeological Site

Technical development of Global Positioning System (GPS) is the positional determination system of ground control point in the earth surface, which based on satellite. It leads to the significant influence on the methodological aspect of positional determination survey in the earth surface. Global Positioning System gives the three dimension position (X, K Z) or longitudinal, latitude and altitude which are formulated in the reference of World Geodetic System (WGS) in 1984. The data characteristic is the first data, which is required in the survey of limit mapping of historical and archeological site. This article tries to explain the possibility of using the technology of Global Positioning System (GPS) to map the archeological site which contains of potential, ohstacle, methodology and case study in Boko Prambanan temple area. It is also utilized to the possibility of using the Geographical Information System (GIS) to analyze the spatial existence site of environmental condition.

scholarly journals Challenges in geographical information science

2011 ◽  
Vol 467 (2133) ◽  
pp. 2431-2443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Rapid Deployment ◽  
Scientific Questions

Geographical information science can be defined as that branch of information science that deals with the geographical domain, or as the set of fundamental scientific questions raised by geographical information and the technologies that collect, manipulate and communicate it. Geographical information can reveal interesting patterns that point in some cases to causal mechanisms. The use of Global Positioning Systems and online services has led to numerous rich sources of real-time data, and to the empowerment of the average citizen as a maker of maps, an empowerment that is especially valuable during emergencies when a dense network of citizens can potentially replace the services of scarce and expensive mapping experts. The concept of Digital Earth was defined more than a decade ago and has since been realized in several virtual-globe services that employ hierarchical data structures to support rapid pan and zoom. Research over the past two decades has led to the identification of a series of fundamental empirical principles that are broadly true of all geographical information, and that provide the basis for the design of geographical databases and analytical methods. Rapid deployment of geographical information technologies raises a series of social issues, including privacy, that are likely to become more threatening in the future. The paper ends with a summary of some of the core challenges and future of geographical information science.

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