scholarly journals Applications of Electrical Resistivity Surveys in Solving Selected Geotechnical and Environmental Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Lech ◽  
Zdzisław Skutnik ◽  
Marek Bajda ◽  
Katarzyna Markowska-Lech
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Clay Deposits

Standard test methods may not be suitable or sufficient for determining the geotechnical conditions of a structure’s subsoil and the effects of the designed structures on the environment. Geophysical test methods, validated with other methods, may prove useful. In recent years they have found many new applications in engineering practice, both geotechnical and environmental. The advantages of geophysical methods include the non-destructive and non-invasive nature of the tests, their low costs and quick results, as well as compatibility with different materials, including soils, solid rocks, wastes and anthropogenic formations. The paper presents the analysis of laboratory and field investigations including research in a modified oedometer, resistivity chamber, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and resistivity cone penetration test (RCPT). Laboratory tests allowed for the assessment of the degree of saturation and porosity of sandy and clayey soils. The tests were carried out on saturated and unsaturated soil samples and allowed for the determination of some relationships between electrical conductivity and porosity. The proposed equations were used to assess parameters in in situ studies using RCPT tests and showed good agreement with reference values based on undisturbed soil samples. ERT tests confirmed the usefulness of electrical measurements in the quality assurance of subsoil and hydrotechnical structures. The tests showed weakening zones in the levee body, discontinuity of the vertical sealing system on the modernized section of the embankment, and location of the top of clay deposits.

scholarly journals Electrical resistivity methods for landfill monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Łukasz Zawadzki ◽  
Dorota Wychowaniak ◽  
Mariusz Lech
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Resistivity Measurements

Abstract Every single investment affects the natural environment, and that is why it is so important to eliminate nuisance it could cause. Extremely harmful effect on environment or human health could be expected from waste treatment facilities. One of the kinds of contamination which is a real threat to soil and water environment are leachates from landfills. They contain random chemical composition and can migrate from landfill through soil water flux leading to environmental pollution and degradation of groundwater. This paper focuses on the use of geophysical methods to assess migration of pollutants from the landfill through the subsoil. The laboratory tests of solute transport have been conducted on three soil samples from Łubna site to simulate the contamination flow. Migration of leachates through soil samples was controlled using the column test and electrical resistivity measurements which allow to com pare the results obtained with the standard column test method and electrical resistivity measurements. It leads to the conclusion that electrical resistivity methods for contamination transport monitoring in soil–water systems are suitable. Furthermore, field electrical resistivity tomography have been used for monitoring of the vertical sealing system in Łubna landfill.

scholarly journals Hydrogeophysical Assessment of the Critical Zone below a Golf Course Irrigated with Reclaimed Water close to Volcanic Caldera

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Alex Sendrós ◽  
Mahjoub Himi ◽  
Esmeralda Estévez ◽  
Raúl Lovera ◽  
M. Pino Palacios-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Resistivity Tomography

The geometry and the hydraulic properties of the unsaturated zone is often difficult to evaluate from traditional soil sampling techniques. Soil samples typically provide only data of the upper layers and boreholes are expensive and only provide spotted information. Non-destructive geophysical methods and among them, electrical resistivity tomography can be applied in complex geological environments such as volcanic areas, where lavas and unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits dominate. They have a wide variability of hydraulic properties due to textural characteristics and modification processes suh as compaction, fracturation and weathering. To characterize the subsurface geology below the golf course of Bandama (Gran Canaria) a detailed electrical resistivity tomography survey has been conducted. This technique allowed us to define the geometry of the geological formations because of their high electrical resistivity contrasts. Subsequently, undisturbed soil and pyroclastic deposits samples were taken in representative outcrops for quantifying the hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory where the parametric electrical resistivity was measured in the field. A statistical correlation between the two variables has been obtained and a 3D model transit time of water infiltration through the vadose zone has been built to assess the vulnerability of the aquifers located below the golf course irrigated with reclaimed water.

THE TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FOR THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLES

Soil Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 173 (10) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlène Besson ◽  
Isabelle Cousin ◽  
Abel Dorigny ◽  
Michel Dabas ◽  
Dominique King
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Resistivity Measurements

Geotechnical investigation through SP, Electrical Resistivity and GPR geophysical methods

Geotecnia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Herson Oliveira da Rocha ◽  
◽  
Lúcia Maria Costa e Silva ◽  
João Andrade dos Reis Júnior ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Geotechnical Investigation

scholarly journals Characterization of a Shallow Coastal Aquifer in the Framework of a Subsurface Storage and Soil Aquifer Treatment Project Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (Port de la Selva, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2448
Author(s):  
Alex Sendrós ◽  
Aritz Urruela ◽  
Mahjoub Himi ◽  
Carlos Alonso ◽  
Raúl Lovera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Implicit Modeling ◽  
The Difference

Water percolation through infiltration ponds is creating significant synergies for the broad adoption of water reuse as an additional non-conventional water supply. Despite the apparent simplicity of the soil aquifer treatment (SAT) approaches, the complexity of site-specific hydrogeological conditions and the processes occurring at various scales require an exhaustive understanding of the system’s response. The non-saturated zone and underlying aquifers cannot be considered as a black box, nor accept its characterization from few boreholes not well distributed over the area to be investigated. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a non-invasive technology, highly responsive to geological heterogeneities that has demonstrated useful to provide the detailed subsurface information required for groundwater modeling. The relationships between the electrical resistivity of the alluvial sediments and the bedrock and the difference in salinity of groundwater highlight the potential of geophysical methods over other more costly subsurface exploration techniques. The results of our research show that ERT coupled with implicit modeling tools provides information that can significantly help to identify aquifer geometry and characterize the saltwater intrusion of shallow alluvial aquifers. The proposed approaches could improve the reliability of groundwater models and the commitment of stakeholders to the benefits of SAT procedures.

scholarly journals Electromechanical Response of Smart Ultra-High Performance Concrete under External Loads Corresponding to Different Electrical Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Min Kyoung Kim ◽  
Huy Viet Le ◽  
Dong Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Ac Measurement ◽  
External Loads ◽  
Functional Fillers

This study investigated the electromechanical response of smart ultra-high-performance concretes (smart UHPCs), containing fine steel slag aggregates (FSSAs) and steel fibers as functional fillers, under external loads corresponding to different measurement methods. Regardless of different measurement methods of electrical resistance, the smart UHPCs under compression showed a clear reduction in their electrical resistivity. However, under tension, their electrical resistivity measured from direct current (DC) measurement decreased, whereas that from alternating current (AC) measurement increased. This was because the electrical resistivity, from DC measurement, of smart UHPCs was primarily dependent on fiber crack bridging, whereas that from AC measurement was dependent on tunneling effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Intergranular Corrosion Tests on EN AW-6016 Sheet Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5294
Author(s):  
Peer Decker ◽  
Ines Zerbin ◽  
Luisa Marzoli ◽  
Marcel Rosefort
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Corrosion Depth ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
Test Parameters

Two different intergranular corrosion tests were performed on EN AW-6016 sheet material, an ISO 11846:1995-based test with varying solution amounts and acid concentrations, and a standard test of an automotive company (PV1113, VW-Audi). The average intergranular corrosion depth was determined via optical microscopy. The differences in the intergranular corrosion depths were then discussed with regard to the applicability and quality of the two different test methods. The influence of varying test parameters for ISO 11846:1995 was discussed as well. The determined IGC depths were found to be strongly dependent on the testing parameters, which will therefore have a pronounced influence on the determined IGC susceptibility of a material. In general, ISO 11846:1995 tests resulted in a significantly lower corrosion speed, and the corrosive attack was found to be primarily along grain boundaries.

Serviceability Assessment of a Printed Finish on T-Shirts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Reannan Riedy ◽  
Meredith McQuerry
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Soil Release ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Typical Consumer ◽  
Change Material

To improve the comfort of agricultural workers, a T-shirt with a printed active cooling finish was evaluated to determine if it would meet the wash life durability and performance expectations of such an arduous application. Six shirts with a printed phase change material (PCM) finish and six shirts without (control) were washed 50 times to replicate a typical consumer wash life. Shirts were evaluated for absorbency, dimensional change, colorfastness, crocking, abrasion resistance, soil release, and smoothness retention according to AATCC and ASTM standard test methods. Testing was conducted before laundering and after 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 consumer laundry (CL) cycles. Absorbency and dimensional change were significantly influenced by the PCM finish. Results demonstrate the appropriateness of adopting such a finish technology for agricultural worker clothing applications.

Investigating the Effective Resistivity of Reinforced Concrete Waste Storage Tanks at the Hanford Site

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Allan Haas ◽  
Dale F. Rucker ◽  
Marc T. Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
Underground Storage Tanks ◽  
Effective Resistivity ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Wide Range

Industrialized sites pose challenges for conducting electrical resistivity geophysical surveys, as the sites typically contain metallic infrastructure that can mask electrolytic-based soil and groundwater contamination. The Hanford site in eastern Washington State, USA, is an industrialized site with underground storage tanks, piping networks, steel fencing, and other potentially interfering infrastructure that could inhibit the effectiveness of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to map historical and monitor current waste releases. The underground storage tanks are the largest contributor by volume to subsurface infrastructure and can be classified as reinforced concrete structures with an internal steel liner. Directly measuring the effective value for the electrical resistivity of the tank, i.e., the combination of individual components that comprise the tank’s shell, is not reasonably possible because they are buried and dangerously radioactive. Therefore, we indirectly assess the general resistivity of the tanks and surrounding infrastructure by developing synthetic ERT models with a parametric forward modeling study using a wide range of resistivity values from 1×10−6 to 1×104 ohm-m, which are equivalent to steel and dry rock, respectively. The synthetic models used the long-electrode ERT method (LE-ERT), whereby steel cased metallic wells surrounding the tanks are used as electrodes. The patterns and values of the synthetic tomographic models were then compared to LE-ERT field data from the AX tank farm at the Hanford site. This indirect method of assessing the effective resistivity revealed that the reinforced concrete tanks are electrically resistive and the accompanying piping infrastructure has little influence on the overall resistivity distribution when using electrically based geophysical methods for characterizing or monitoring waste releases. Our findings are consistent with nondestructive testing literature that also shows reinforced concrete to be generally resistive.

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