scholarly journals Improvement of Marine Clay Soil Using Lime and Alkaline Activation Stabilized with Inclusion of Treated Coir Fibre

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Fatin Amirah Kamaruddin ◽  
Haslinda Nahazanan ◽  
Bujang Kim Huat ◽  
Vivi Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Alkaline Activation ◽  
Coir Fibre

Waste products have recently been used as one of the techniques in soil stabilization. The material is not just environmentally friendly, but also cheap. In this study, two different types of soil stabilizer—lime and alkaline activator (AA) with the inclusion of treated coir fibre as soil reinforcement in marine clay soil—were examined. The inclusion of fibre in the treated soil has had a positive impact in increasing the strength of the soil. Therefore, to assess the effectiveness of the soil treatment, mechanical tests such as indirect tensile strength, flexural test and unconfined compressive strength test were performed at three different curing periods (7, 28 and 90 days) on both untreated and treated soil. From the results, the inclusion of fibre in both lime and alkaline activation indicates an enhancement on post-peak behaviour from brittle to more ductile. Microstructural analyses of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) were also conducted after shearing to evaluate the changes of the soil before and after the treatment. Overall, results indicate that the treatment transformed the structure of the soil to become denser where it filled the large pores compared to untreated soil.

scholarly journals Evaluating Biosedimentation for Strength Improvement in Acidic Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10817
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hassan Saad ◽  
Haslinda Nahazanan ◽  
Zainuddin Bin Md Yusoff ◽  
Muskhazli Mustafa ◽  
Mohamed Hamdy Elseknidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Construction Loads

Marine clay soils are problematic soils in the construction industry when they are subjected to construction loads. When these soils are loaded, they lose their structure. This leads to the soil being unable to withstand loads of any magnitude without exhibiting significant, permanent deformations. In order to stabilize the marine soil, new methods for soil improvement were built upon biogrouting by incorporating physical, biological and chemical treatments into the soil. However, the biggest challenge of this method is the bacteria migration through the soil medium. To overcome this issue, the electrokinetic phenomenon can be utilized alongside biogrouting to prevent the bacteria migration. In this regard, the present study applied electrobiogrouting stabilization to investigate the improvement of acidic marine clay soil with a pH of 3.69. To accomplish this, two large-scale physical models with dimensions of 500 × 300 × 1200 mm were fabricated to examine the influence of two different treated distances between the inlet and outlet—450 mm (D45) and 600 mm (D60)—on the stability of the treated soil. It was observed that the shear strength of the treated soil improved significantly. The shear strength at the D45 treated distance increased from 3.65 kPa (untreated soil) to 28.14 kPa (treated soil). However, the strength increased by increasing the treated distance. In addition, compressibility and soil electrical conductivity were reduced significantly, and the Atterberg limits were significantly enhanced from OH to OL. The reasons for the enhancement of treated soil were the formation of CaCO3, which filled the soil voids, and that the water content was reduced. To address issues with marine clay soil, this study aims to minimize the high cost of a special foundation system and the use of non-environmentally friendly materials such as calcium-based binders, aside from the reduction of deformations caused by loading. The findings of this study can be used for acidic soils and the improvement of soil’s geotechnical behavior in general.

scholarly journals SOIL STABILIZATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF MARINE CLAYS USING CEMENT AND LIME IN A MARSHLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-14
Author(s):  
Youdeowei, P.O. ◽  
Nwankwoala, H.O. ◽  
Ayibanimiworio, G.T
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Group A ◽  
Marine Clays ◽  
By Products

This study assesses the stabilization of marine clay soil using cement and lime to improve on the subgrade material. The tests conducted include: the natural moisture content, specific gravity, sieve analysis, Atterberg limit, compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The types of stabilization used were mechanical and chemical. The results obtained were classified using AASHTO classification system and based on the results the soil corresponds to group A-6 soils. The highest CBR values of 33.24% and 424.35% were obtained at 20% cement content for unsoaked and soaked and for lime the highest CBR values were 5.07 and 10.46 for 11% lime content for both unsoaked and unsoaked. Based on the results obtained, the addition of cement and lime to clay soil in the presence of water improved the CBR values for soft clay stabilization for highway construction with low traffic volume. It is therefore concluded that the addition of cement and lime to clay soil improved the bearing capacity and the maximum dry density of the clay soil. Further research should be carried out to examine the effects of industrial by-products on effective clay soil stabilization.

scholarly journals Wetting/Drying Behavior of Lime and Alkaline Activation Stabilized Marine Clay Reinforced with Modified Coir Fiber

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2753
Author(s):  
Fatin Amirah Kamaruddin ◽  
Vivi Anggraini ◽  
Bujang Kim Huat ◽  
Haslinda Nahazanan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alkaline Activation ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Drying Behavior

The durability of natural and treated clay soil stabilized with lime and alkaline activation (AA) affected by environmental factors (hot and humid) was determined in this study. Investigation and evaluation on the strength of the soil, moisture content, and volume change of the specimen were determined at each curing period (7, 28, and 90 days) based on the weather conditions. An unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the specimen at three different wetting/drying cycles (one, three, and five cycles) was determined. The findings show that the strength of the treated specimens fluctuated with increment and decrement strength (one and three cycles) in the range of 1.41 to 1.88 MPa (lime) and 2.64 to 8.29 MPa (AA), while for five cycles with a curing period of 90 days the decrement was in the range of 1.62 to 1.25 MPa and 6.06 to 5.89 MPa for lime and AA, respectively. The decrement percentage for treated samples that were subjected to five cycles of wetting and drying in 90 days was found to be 20.38% (lime) and 38.64% (AA), respectively. Therefore, it can be summarized that wetting/drying cycles have a significant influence on the durability, strength, and the volume changes of the specimens.

Uplift and Settlement Prediction Model of Marine Clay Soil e Integrated with Polyurethane Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
D.C. Lat ◽  
I.B.M. Jais ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
B. Baharom ◽  
N.Z. Mohd Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Effective Thickness ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Improvement Method

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foam is a lightweight material that can be used efficiently as a ground improvement method in solving excessive and differential settlement of soil foundation mainly for infrastructures such as road, highway and parking spaces. The ground improvement method is done by excavation and removal of soft soil at shallow depth and replacement with lightweight PU foam slab. This study is done to simulate the model of marine clay soil integrated with polyurethane foam using finite element method (FEM) PLAXIS 2D for prediction of settlement behavior and uplift effect due to polyurethane foam mitigation method. Model of soft clay foundation stabilized with PU foam slab with variation in thickness and overburden loads were analyzed. Results from FEM exhibited the same trend as the results of the analytical method whereby PU foam has successfully reduced the amount of settlement significantly. With the increase in PU foam thickness, the settlement is reduced, nonetheless the uplift pressure starts to increase beyond the line of effective thickness. PU foam design chart has been produced for practical application in order to adopt the effective thickness of PU foam within tolerable settlement value and uplift pressure with respect to different overburden loads for ground improvement works.

scholarly journals Effects of Initial Water Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Lean Clay Soil Stabilized by Compound Calcium-Based Stabilizer

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Yin ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xunli Jiang ◽  
Zhiyi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
X Ray

Initial water content significantly affects the efficiency of soil stabilization. In this study, the effects of initial water content on the compressibility, strength, microstructure, and composition of a lean clay soil stabilized by compound calcium-based stabilizer were investigated by static compaction test, unconfined compression test, optical microscope observations, environment scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that as the initial water content increases in the range studied, both the compaction energy and the maximum compaction force decrease linearly and there are less soil aggregates or agglomerations, and a smaller proportion of large pores in the compacted mixture structure. In addition, for specimens cured with or without external water supply and under different compaction degrees, the variation law of the unconfined compressive strength with initial water content is different and the highest strength value is obtained at various initial water contents. With the increase of initial water content, the percentage of the oxygen element tends to increase in the reaction products of the calcium-based stabilizer, whereas the primary mineral composition of the soil-stabilizer mixture did not change notably.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic, Molecular and Mechanical Testing Diagnostics in Natural Fibre Reinforced, Polymer-Stabilized Earth Blocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Galán-Marín ◽  
C. Rivera-Gómez ◽  
F. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Earth Blocks

The aim of this research study was to evaluate the influence of utilising natural polymers as a form of soil stabilization, in order to assess their potential for use in building applications. Mixtures were stabilized with a natural polymer (alginate) and reinforced with wool fibres in order to improve the overall compressive and flexural strength of a series of composite materials. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and mechanical strength testing techniques were then used to measure the porous properties of the manufactured natural polymer-soil composites, which were formed into earth blocks. Mechanical tests were carried out for three different clays which showed that the polymer increased the mechanical resistance of the samples to varying degrees, depending on the plasticity index of each soil. Variation in soil grain size distributions and Atterberg limits were assessed and chemical compositions were studied and compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) techniques were all used in conjunction with qualitative identification of the aggregates. Ultrasonic wave propagation was found to be a useful technique for assisting in the determination of soil shrinkage characteristics and fibre-soil adherence capacity and UPV results correlated well with the measured mechanical properties.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL EVALUATION AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT CAPACITY OF FIVE REOPHYTES SPECIES OF THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST BIOME

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Junior Joel Dewes ◽  
Charles Rodrigo Belmonte Maffra ◽  
Rita Dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Fabrício Jaques Sutili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Pullout Resistance ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate, the vegetative development and vertical pullout resistance of Phyllanthus sellowianus, Salix humboldtiana, Gymnanthes schottiana, Cephallanthus glabratus and Ludwigia elegans propagated by live cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was installed in October 2015 and evaluated in June 2016. Experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with use of 5 plant species and 3 replications. In each block were planted 3 live cuttings of each species, with the total of 45 cuttings for the 3 blocks. The space between plants was of 1 x 1 m. Live cuttings average diameter was 1.7 cm and 60 cm long. Were evaluated the survival rate, morphological variables from shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance for each species. The observed survival rates were: P. sellowianus (100%), S. humboldtiana (100%), G. schottiana (83%), %), C. glabratus (67%) e L. elegans (50%), which are statistically different among themselves by Chi-square test (χ ²) at 5% level of significance. The variables, length and diameter of shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance are statistically different between species by Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance, and the best results were observed for P. sellowianus and less favorable to L. elegans. The results showed that the evaluated species, excluding L. elegans, had from great to good survival rates. The species P. sellowianus and L. elegans had the major and minor soil mechanical reinforcement capacity, respectively.Keywords: Soil Bioengineering, land reclamation, soil stabilization, vegetative propagation.

scholarly journals Technical and Environmental Impacts of Coal Waste Used as a Soil Stabilizer in Construction Projects of Forest Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mansouri ◽  
Mehran Nasiri ◽  
Amir Modarres
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Soil Stabilizer

Many pozzolans are waste products from industrial processes. Every year a huge amount of coal waste is gathered from the coal washing plant in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. These materials can be used for soil stabilization in construction and maintenance projects of forest roads. This paper aims to (a) investigate the role of coal waste (CW) as a soil stabilizer and (b) determine the changes in soil specification regarding the environmental pollution in different combinations of materials (soil, lime (4 and 6%) and CW (3, 6, 9 and 12%)). For this purpose, different technical and environmental analysis and laboratory tests were performed. Technical tests showed that the soil liquid limit and maximum dry density decreased with an increase in lime and CW contents. Addition of CW could increase the soil CBR, UCS and OMC. According to XRD test, the addition of CW and lime can increase the size of crystals in stabilized soil samples. Environmental analysis showed that the use of stabilizer significantly reduced the concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr and Pb. Also, all of the metal concentrations leached from samples satisfied the required criteria, but the addition of lime and CW increased the concentration of N, P, and K. These changes can increase the invasive species consistent with calcareous soil conditions along the roads. According to the results, the combination of coal waste and lime can be one of the best methods for in situ remediation. It would, however, be better to use a minimum amount of stabilizer in pavement layers of access roads due to environmental sensitivity.

scholarly journals Changes in some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils over time as affected by organic residues: An incubation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohsen Jalali ◽  
Maryam Saeedi Lotf ◽  
Faranak Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Incubation Study

<p>Salinization and sodification of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of the world are two limiting factors in the crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of readily available agricultural residues on changing some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils. Wheat, potato, sunflower, and canola residues were separately added into three saline-sodic soils at a rate of 2% by weight and thoroughly mixed with soils. Control and treated soils were incubated for 168 days at a constant moisture and temperature. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations, available nitrate (NO3-) and phosphorous (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were measured during the incubation. The EC increased in the response to the incorporation of plant residues, whereas the pH was reduced. The application of organic components in soils increased CEC and decreased ESP. The results showed that the maximum reduction in ESP was observed in the potato treatment because of the highest Ca2+ concentration. The average reduction in ESP of treated soil samples at the end of incubation followed this order: 16.1% (potato residue-treated soil) &gt;12.7% (canola residue-treated soil) &gt;11.1% (wheat residue-treated soil) &gt;9.6% (sunflwer residue-treated soil). The potato residue was the most effective amendment in changing the chemical properties of saline-sodic soils in comparison with other organic residues. The results indicated that the application of organic residues had a positive impact on reducing the soil sodicity and improving the soil fertility depending on their chemical composition.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document