scholarly journals Experiments and Modeling for Investigation of Oily Sludge Biodegradation in a Wastewater Pond Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1659
Author(s):  
Matthew Alexander ◽  
Najem Alarwan ◽  
Maheswari Chandrasekaran ◽  
Aishwarya Sundaram ◽  
Tonje Milde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Dispersant Effectiveness ◽  
Time Required

Historic operating and abandoned refineries frequently contain ponds or lagoons that contain oily sludge from historic wastewater treatment processes and separator sludge disposal activities that occurred prior to the implementation of regulations forbidding such disposal. These oily sludge-containing wastewater ponds represent a long-term liability at older operating refineries or abandoned refinery sites. Dewatering and solidification/stabilization are the most common technologies used to treat these sludges; however, these approaches are labor, equipment, and material-intensive. For sites where the time required to complete treatment is not a high priority, biodegradation treatment may be effective for final site remedy. The objective of this study was to investigate potential improvements in oily material biodegradation using dispersants and petroleum-degrading microbial consortia, along with the modeling of this system. The oil dispersed with mixing or remaining in the bulk aqueous phase with biodegradation was measured using methods from a dispersant effectiveness test. The experimental results indicated that mixing at levels of 200 rpm or higher resulted in positive effects on both the extent of hydrocarbon dispersion (80 to 90% of oil dispersed) and the biodegradation of the oil phase (50 to nearly 100% degraded), while the modeling results, taken along with the experimental results, indicated smaller dispersed phase droplet sizes and promoted more efficient biodegradation.

Prospects and problems of sludge pre-treatment processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pre-treatment processes have been developed in order to improve subsequent sludge treatment and disposal. Disintegration of sludge solids in the aqueous phase changes the sludge structure and solubilizes organic matter. This paper provides an overview of the applications of wet disintegration in wastewater and sludge treatment. Applied disintegration techniques such as mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological methods are briefly described. The methods are compared regarding energy consumption, operational reliability and stage of development for application on wastewater treatment plants. Mechanical and thermal methods appear to be most suitable at this stage. The effects of pre-treatment on subsequent sludge treatment processes and the wastewater treatment are described. The performance of various methods is assessed. For the improvement of stabilization, mechanical and ozone treatment as well as thermal treatment perform best. Dewatering can be enhanced by thermal and freeze/thaw treatment. All methods show positive effects in the reduction of the number of pathogens. Pre-treatment leads to secondary effects like the generation of recalcitrant compounds and odor, which is mainly a problem of thermal and ozone treatment. The evaluation of capital and operational costs is difficult, because of the lack of full-scale experience. Especially thermal, freeze/thaw and biological treatments can be realized at low costs if the conditions are appropriate. Nevertheless, the economic efficiency has to be investigated critically for each individual application.

Surface Oxidation Behaviour of Cubic BN Powders

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 544-547
Author(s):  
Xin Yan Yue ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Jian Jun Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Hong Qiang Ru
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Oxidation Behaviour ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Oxidation Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes

In order to improve the sinterability of the cBN, surface oxidation treatment was conducted to form a B2O3 film on the surface of the cBN powders. The cBN powders (d50 = 7.5 μm) were used as original powders. The heat treatment processes were 500, 800, 900, 950, 980 and 1000 °C holding for 30 minutes, respectively. The oxidation reactions which probably happened were calculated based on the thermodynamics. The experimental results showed that the oxidation starting temperature of cBN powders was higher than 800 °C. The higher the oxidation temperature, the greater the mass gain of the cBN powders.

scholarly journals Nanostructure Effect on Methane Adsorption Capacity of Shale with Type III Kerogen

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Yong Han ◽  
Yanming Zhu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Methane Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Injection Experiment

This study focuses on the nanostructure of shale samples with type III kerogen and its effect on methane adsorption capacity. The composition, pore size distribution, and methane adsorption capacities of 12 shale samples were analyzed by using the high-pressure mercury injection experiment, low-temperature N2/CO2 adsorption experiments, and the isothermal methane adsorption experiment. The results show that the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the 12 shale samples ranges from 0.70% to ~35.84%. In shales with type III kerogen, clay minerals and organic matter tend to be deposited simultaneously. When the TOC content is higher than 10%, the clay minerals in these shale samples contribute more than 70% of the total inorganic matter. The CO2 adsorption experimental results show that micropores in shales with type III kerogen are mainly formed in organic matter. However, mesopores and macropores are significantly affected by the contents of clay minerals and quartz. The methane isothermal capacity experimental results show that the Langmuir volume, indicating the maximum methane adsorption capacity, of all the shale samples is between 0.78 cm3/g and 9.26 cm3/g. Moreover, methane is mainly adsorbed in micropores and developed in organic matter, whereas the influence of mesopores and macropores on the methane adsorption capacity of shale with type III kerogen is small. At different stages, the influencing factors of methane adsorption capacity are different. When the TOC content is <1.4% or >4.5%, the methane adsorption capacity is positively correlated with the TOC content. When the TOC content is in the range of 1.4–4.5%, clay minerals have obviously positive effects on the methane adsorption capacity.

Fluidized bed heat treatment of aluminum cast components

2004 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
D. Apelian ◽  
S. K. Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conventional Furnace ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Solutionizing Time

Heat Treatment and post casting treatments of cast components has always been an important step in the control of microstructure, and resultant properties. In the past, the solutionizing, quenching and ageing process steps may have “required” in total over 20 hours of processing time. With the advent of fluidized bed reactors (FB), processing time has been dramatically reduced. For example, instead of 8-10 hours solutionizing time in a conventional furnace, the time required in FB is less than an hour. Experiments with Al-Si-Mg alloy, (both modified with Sr, and unmodified) were performed, having different diffusion distances (different DAS), and for different reaction times and temperatures. Both the model and the experimental results are presented and discussed.

From the lab to full-scale SBR operation: treating high strength and variable industrial wastewaters

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Flapper ◽  
N. J. Ashbolt ◽  
A. T. Lee ◽  
M. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Commercial Opportunity

This paper describes the path taken from client objectives through laboratory studies and detailed design to full-scale SBR operation and current research. Conventional municipal design principles have often been used to develop treatment processes for industrial wastewaters. The use of scientific trials to test design criteria offers the client a “tailor made” design fit for their particular wastewater character. In this project, a waste management company wished to upgrade their physical-chemical treatment plant to incorporate a biological reactor for treating a range of industrial wastewaters. Laboratory-scale trials were undertaken to determine appropriate design criteria for a full-scale biological process. These laboratory studies indicated that conventional design criteria were not appropriate and that a SBR configuration was optimal compared with an IDAR configuration. It was also found that a novel fungal:bacterial mixed liquor consortium developed, resulting in good effluent quality and settling properties. The treatment plant was able to be constructed and operational within a tight timeframe and budget, allowing the client to take advantage of a commercial opportunity. The plant has been operating since 1997 and meets its discharge conditions. By combining scientific studies with engineering principles, the end-user obtained a complete treatment plant to meet their specific needs. A further benefit of the laboratory trials is current research into the development of a fungal:bacterial SBR to treat industrial wastewaters. This offers ongoing knowledge to the operational full-scale SBR.

scholarly journals Learning Effect of Implicit Learning in Joining-in-type Robot-assisted Language Learning System

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
AlBara Khalifa ◽  
Tsuneo Kato ◽  
Seiichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Positive Effects

The introduction of robots into language learning systems has been highly useful, especially in motivating learners to engage in the learning process and in letting human learners converse in more realistic conversational situations. This paper describes a novel robot-assisted language learning system that induces the human learner into a triad conversation with two robots through which he or she improves practical communication skills in various conversational situations. The system applies implicit learning as the main learning style for conveying linguistic knowledge, in an indirect way, through conversations on several topics. A series of experiments was conducted using 80 recruited participants to evaluate the effect of implicit learning and the retention effect in a joining-in-type robot-assisted language learning system. The experimental results show positive effects of implicit learning and repetitive learning in general. Based on these experimental results, we propose an improved method, integrating implicit learning and tutoring with corrective feedback in an adaptive way, to increase performance in practical communication skills even for a wide variety of proficiency of L2 learners.

A Resource-Oriented Method of Oily Sludge Disposal in ASP Flooding Production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Rui ◽  
Xinyu Lin ◽  
Mengmeng Xu ◽  
Ye Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Asp Flooding

scholarly journals Experimental Method for Plotting S-N Curve with a Small Number of Specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Strzelecki ◽  
Janusz Sempruch
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Staircase Method ◽  
Random Occurrence ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Standard Documents ◽  
Time Required

Abstract The study presents two approaches to plotting an S-N curve based on the experimental results. The first approach is commonly used by researchers and presented in detail in many studies and standard documents. The model uses a linear regression whose parameters are estimated by using the least squares method. A staircase method is used for an unlimited fatigue life criterion. The second model combines the S-N curve defined as a straight line and the record of random occurrence of the fatigue limit. A maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the S-N curve parameters. Fatigue data for C45+C steel obtained in the torsional bending test were used to compare the estimated S-N curves. For pseudo-random numbers generated by using the Mersenne Twister algorithm, the estimated S-N curve for 10 experimental results plotted by using the second model, estimates the fatigue life in the scatter band of the factor 3. The result gives good approximation, especially regarding the time required to plot the S-N curve.

The Role of Bubble Waiting Time in Steady Nucleate Boiling

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L Judd
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Time Required

Experimental results previously reported by Ibrahim and Judd were examined in order to determine the role of bubble waiting time in steady nucleate boiling. The analysis identified that the time elapsed between the formation of bubbles at a nucleation site is the time required for the liquid which replaced the previous bubble to acquire sufficient energy to sustain the growth of the subsequent bubble, and not the time required to establish the conditions required to enable the nucleus, which formed at the nucleation site, to commence growing into a bubble.

PLANT GROWTH IN SOILS WITH A HISTORY OF OILY SLUDGE DISPOSAL

Soil Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
INGEBORG BOSSERT ◽  
RICHARD BARTHA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
History Of
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