scholarly journals Review on an Advanced Combustion Technology: Supercritical Hydrothermal Combustion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengchao Cui ◽  
Yanhui Li ◽  
Shuzhong Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Ren ◽  
Chuang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Advanced Combustion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homogeneous Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology

Supercritical hydrothermal combustion, a new and promising homogeneous combustion technology with a wide range of application scenarios and broad development prospects, provides creative ideas and means for the enhanced degradation of organic wastes, hydrothermal spallation drilling, thermal recovery of heavy oil, etc. This technology is elaborated upon in five parts: (1) introducing the main devices including semi-batch reactor and continuous reactor to study the hydrothermal flame in accordance with research institutions, (2) presenting the research status of related numerical simulation from the angles of reaction kinetics and flow-reaction, (3) summarizing the characteristics of hydrothermal flame and combustion by five key parameters, (4) dividing up ignition process and explaining ignition mechanism from the perspectives of critical physical properties of water and heat transfer and mixing conditions, (5) discussing and forecasting its industrial applications including hydrothermal spallation drilling, the thermal recovery of heavy oil, the clean conversion and utilization of coal-based fuel, and the harmless treatment of pollutants. By and large, this paper analyzed in detail everything from experimental equipment to industrial applications, from combustion characteristics to ignition mechanisms, and from summary conclusions to prospect prediction. In the end, herein is summarized a couple of existing paramount scientific and technical obstacles in hydrothermal combustion. Further significant studies in the future should include excellent reactors, advanced monitoring techniques, and powerful computational fluid dynamics.

Substituent Effects on the Thermal Decomposition of Phosphate Esters on Ferrous Surfaces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ewen ◽  
Carlos Ayestaran Latorre ◽  
Arash Khajeh ◽  
Joshua Moore ◽  
Joseph Remias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Phosphate esters have a wide range of industrial applications, for example in tribology where they are used as vapour phase lubricants and antiwear additives. To rationally design phosphate esters with improved tribological performance, an atomic-level understanding of their film formation mechanisms is required. One important aspect is the thermal decomposition of phosphate esters on steel surfaces, since this initiates film formation. In this study, ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the thermal decomposition of phosphate esters with different substituents on several ferrous surfaces. On Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001) and α-Fe(110), chemisorption interactions between the phosphate esters and the surfaces occur even at room temperature, and the number of molecule-surface bonds increases as the temperature is increased from 300 to 1000 K. Conversely, on hydroxylated, amorphous Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, most of the molecules are physisorbed, even at high temperature. Thermal decomposition rates were much higher on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001) and particularly α-Fe(110) compared to hydroxylated, amorphous Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. This suggests that water passivates ferrous surfaces and inhibits phosphate ester chemisorption, decomposition, and ultimately film formation. On Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001), thermal decomposition proceeds mainly through C-O cleavage (to form surface alkyl and aryl groups) and C-H cleavage (to form surface hydroxyls). The onset temperature for C-O cleavage on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001) increases in the order: tertiary alkyl < secondary alkyl < primary linear alkyl ≈ primary branched alkyl < aryl. This order is in agreement with experimental observations for the thermal stability of antiwear additives with similar substituents. The results highlight surface and substituent effects on the thermal decomposition of phosphate esters which should be helpful for the design of new molecules with improved performance.</p>

PLATINUM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Melting ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
White Metal ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract PLATINUM is a soft, ductile, white metal which can be readily worked either hot or cold. It has a wide range of industrial applications because of its excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance and its high melting point. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Pt-1. Producer or source: Matthey Bishop Inc..

scholarly journals The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kieliszek ◽  
Kamil Piwowarek ◽  
Anna M. Kot ◽  
Katarzyna Pobiega
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Biomass Management ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Biomass Of Microorganisms

AbstractCellular biomass of microorganisms can be effectively used in the treatment of waste from various branches of the agro-food industry. Urbanization processes and economic development, which have been intensifying in recent decades, lead to the degradation of the natural environment. In the first half of the 20th century, problems related to waste management were not as serious and challenging as they are today. The present situation forces the use of modern technologies and the creation of innovative solutions for environmental protection. Waste of industrial origin are difficult to recycle and require a high financial outlay, while the organic waste of animal and plant origins, such as potato wastewater, whey, lignin, and cellulose, is dominant. In this article, we describe the possibilities of using microorganisms for the utilization of various waste products. A solution to reduce the costs of waste disposal is the use of yeast biomass. Management of waste products using yeast biomass has made it possible to generate new metabolites, such as β-glucans, vitamins, carotenoids, and enzymes, which have a wide range of industrial applications. Exploration and discovery of new areas of applications of yeast, fungal, and bacteria cells can lead to an increase in their effective use in many fields of biotechnology.

scholarly journals Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses, and Toxicity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Heba A. Gad ◽  
Autumn Roberts ◽  
Samirah H. Hamzi ◽  
Haidy A. Gad ◽  
Ilham Touiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Jojoba Oil ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

Jojoba is a widely used medicinal plant that is cultivated worldwide. Its seeds and oil have a long history of use in folklore to treat various ailments, such as skin and scalp disorders, superficial wounds, sore throat, obesity, and cancer; for improvement of liver functions, enhancement of immunity, and promotion of hair growth. Extensive studies on Jojoba oil showed a wide range of pharmacological applications, including antioxidant, anti-acne and antipsoriasis, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperglycemia activities. In addition, Jojoba oil is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in cosmetics for topical, transdermal, and parenteral preparations. Jojoba oil also holds value in the industry as an anti-rodent, insecticides, lubricant, surfactant, and a source for the production of bioenergy. Jojoba oil is considered among the top-ranked oils due to its wax, which constitutes about 98% (mainly wax esters, few free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons). In addition, sterols and vitamins with few triglyceride esters, flavonoids, phenolic and cyanogenic compounds are also present. The present review represents an updated literature survey about the chemical composition of jojoba oil, its physical properties, pharmacological activities, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and toxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of a Twin-Screw Extruder Equipped with a Molten Resin Reservoir on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Recycled Waste Plastic Polyethylene Pellet Moldings

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Hikaru Okubo ◽  
Haruka Kaneyasu ◽  
Tetsuya Kimura ◽  
Patchiya Phanthong ◽  
Shigeru Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Recycled Plastics

Each year, increasing amounts of plastic waste are generated, causing environmental pollution and resource loss. Recycling is a solution, but recycled plastics often have inferior mechanical properties to virgin plastics. However, studies have shown that holding polymers in the melt state before extrusion can restore the mechanical properties; thus, we propose a twin-screw extruder with a molten resin reservoir (MSR), a cavity between the screw zone and twin-screw extruder discharge, which retains molten polymer after mixing in the twin-screw zone, thus influencing the polymer properties. Re-extruded recycled polyethylene (RPE) pellets were produced, and the tensile properties and microstructure of virgin polyethylene (PE), unextruded RPE, and re-extruded RPE moldings prepared with and without the MSR were evaluated. Crucially, the elongation at break of the MSR-extruded RPE molding was seven times higher than that of the original RPE molding, and the Young’s modulus of the MSR-extruded RPE molding was comparable to that of the virgin PE molding. Both the MSR-extruded RPE and virgin PE moldings contained similar striped lamellae. Thus, MSR re-extrusion improved the mechanical performance of recycled polymers by optimizing the microstructure. The use of MSRs will facilitate the reuse of waste plastics as value-added materials having a wide range of industrial applications.

scholarly journals The Survival of Haloferax mediterranei under Stressful Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Laura Matarredona ◽  
Mónica Camacho ◽  
Basilio Zafrilla ◽  
Gloria Bravo-Barrales ◽  
Julia Esclapez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Haloferax Mediterranei ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Haloarchaea can survive and thrive under exposure to a wide range of extreme environmental factors, which represents a potential interest to biotechnology. Growth responses to different stressful conditions were examined in the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei R4. It has been demonstrated that this halophilic archaeon is able to grow between 10 and 32.5% (w/v) of sea water, at 32–52 °C, although it is expected to grow in temperatures lower than 32 °C, and between 5.75 and 8.75 of pH. Moreover, it can also grow under high metal concentrations (nickel, lithium, cobalt, arsenic), which are toxic to most living beings, making it a promising candidate for future biotechnological purposes and industrial applications. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis quantified the intracellular ion concentrations of these four metals in Hfx. mediterranei, concluding that this haloarchaeon can accumulate Li+, Co2+, As5+, and Ni2+ within the cell. This paper is the first report on Hfx. mediterranei in which multiple stress conditions have been studied to explore the mechanism of stress resistance. It constitutes the most detailed study in Haloarchaea, and, as a consequence, new biotechnological and industrial applications have emerged.

scholarly journals Production of High Purity Biosurfactants Using Heavy Oil Residues as Carbon Source

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3557
Author(s):  
Athina Mandalenaki ◽  
Nicolas Kalogerakis ◽  
Eleftheria Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Heavy Oil Residues ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Heavy Oil Residue

Typically, oil pollution cleanup procedures following first response actions include dispersion. Crude oil is biodegradable, and its bioavailability can be increased when dispersed into very fine droplets by means of chemical surfactants. Although their use is widely spread in many applications, the latter may prove toxic, depending on the extent of use. The use of biological means, such as bioremediation and biosurfactants, has emerged over the past years as a very promising ‘green’ alternative technology. Biosurfactants (BSs) are amphiphilic molecules produced by microorganisms during biodegradation, thus increasing the bioavailability of the organic pollutants. It is their biodegradability and low toxicity that render BSs as a very promising alternative to the synthetic ones. Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 strain ability to produce BSs, without any impurities from the substrate, was investigated. The biosurfactant production was scaled up by means of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a heavy oil residue substrate as the carbon source. The product is free from substrate impurities, and its efficiency is tested on oil bioremediation in the marine environment. The product’s dispersion efficiency was determined by the baffled flask test. The production method proposed can have a significant impact to the market, given the ever-increasing demand for ecologically friendly, reliable, commercially viable and economically competitive environmental cleanup techniques.

Review of characterization methods for water-soluble polymers used in oil sand and heavy oil industrial applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Terrestrial Animal

Water-soluble polymers have been used in many applications in the oil sand and heavy oil industries, including drilling, enhanced oil recovery, tailings treatment, and water treatment. Because they are water soluble, residual polymer can remain with the aqueous phase, potentially leading to environmental impacts. Investigating the environmental fate of these water-soluble polymers is particularly important as they may be toxic to aquatic biota or terrestrial animal life. However, since polymers are somewhat complex because of their high molecular weight, there are many challenges in their measurement, especially in complex matrices. In this paper, polymers used in oilfield applications, particularly in the oil sand or heavy oil industries, are reviewed and various analytical methods for polymer characterization are compared.

Application and Exploration of Early In-Situ Combustion Huff-and-Puff Technology in a Deep Undisturbed Reservoir with Extra Heavy Oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wang Xiaoyan ◽  
Zhao Jian ◽  
Yin Qingguo ◽  
Cao Bao ◽  
Zhang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
In Situ Combustion ◽  
Coiled Tubing

Summary Achieving effective results using conventional thermal recovery technology is challenging in the deep undisturbed reservoir with extra-heavy oil in the LKQ oil field. Therefore, in this study, a novel approach based on in-situ combustion huff-and-puff technology is proposed. Through physical and numerical simulations of the reservoir, the oil recovery mechanism and key injection and production parameters of early-stage ultraheavy oil were investigated, and a series of key engineering supporting technologies were developed that were confirmed to be feasible via a pilot test. The results revealed that the ultraheavy oil in the LKQ oil field could achieve oxidation combustion under a high ignition temperature of greater than 450°C, where in-situ cracking and upgrading could occur, leading to greatly decreased viscosity of ultraheavy oil and significantly improved mobility. Moreover, it could achieve higher extra-heavy-oil production combined with the energy supplement of flue gas injection. The reasonable cycles of in-situ combustion huff and puff were five cycles, with the first cycle of gas injection of 300 000 m3 and the gas injection volume per cycle increasing in turn. It was predicted that the incremental oil production of a single well would be 500 t in one cycle. In addition, the supporting technologies were developed, such as a coiled-tubing electric ignition system, an integrated temperature and pressure monitoring system in coiled tubing, anticorrosion cementing and completion technology with high-temperature and high-pressure thermal recovery, and anticorrosion injection-production integrated lifting technology. The proposed method was applied to a pilot test in the YS3 well in the LKQ oil field. The high-pressure ignition was achieved in the 2200-m-deep well using the coiled-tubing electric igniter. The maximum temperature tolerance of the integrated monitoring system in coiled tubing reached up to 1200°C, which provided the functions of distributed temperature and multipoint pressure measurement in the entire wellbore. The combination of 13Cr-P110 casing and titanium alloy tubing effectively reduced the high-temperature and high-pressure oxygen corrosion of the wellbore. The successful field test of the comprehensive supporting engineering technologies presents a new approach for effective production in deep extra-heavy-oil reservoirs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document