scholarly journals The Dietary Effect of Vitex agnus-castus Hydroalcoholic Extract on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters, Carcass Quality, Sex Ratio and Gonad Histology in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Enayat Gholampour ◽  
Raha Fadaei Raieni ◽  
Mojtaba Pouladi ◽  
Mohamad Larijani ◽  
Maria Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
Female Zebrafish ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this study was to consider the impact of Vitex agnus-castus hydroalcoholic extract, containing phytoestrogenic compounds on growth indices, sex ratio and histology of gonads of female Zebrafish. Fish larvae (4-day-old after hatching) were nourished with investigational diets (0 (control group T0), 5 g (T1), 10 g (T2) and 15 g (T3) kg−1 food) from first active feeding for 90 days. The results showed that Condition Factor (CF), Food Conversion Rate (FCR), Body Weight Gain (BWG), and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) were affected meaningfully by hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex agnus-castus (p < 0.05). These factors were significantly higher in compare to T3 treatment (p < 0.05). With increasing concentration of the extract in the diet, the ratio of female to male increased Treatment of T3 resulted in 87.23% feminization. Overall, this study suggests the use of T3 treatment achieves the best reproduction performance and a higher percentage of females in zebrafish as a model for aquaculture species. According to the results, the lowest levels of glucose and cholesterol were observed in T3 treatment and showed a significant changes with the control and treatments (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Whey Lactose as a Prebiotic Disaccharide on the Productive Performances and Selected Indices of the Caecal Micro-Environment in Broiler Chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nabil Alloui ◽  
Witold Szczurek
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of three dietary levels of lactose (LAC) originating from conventional dried whey (DW) and the duration of these treatments (from 8 to 21 or to 42 days of age) on growth performance, basic post-slaughter traits and excreta quality of broiler chickens kept in cages. A secondary purpose was to investigate the effect of LAC level on some parameters of the caecal micro-environment and gross morphology in these birds. A total of 560 Ross 308 chickens (sex ratio 1:1) were assigned to 7 dietary combinations with 10 replicate cages of 8 birds per cage. The control group was fed basal diets consisting of maize, wheat and soybean meal. The other 6 groups received the same basal diets with DW added in amounts equivalent to a LAC dietary levels of 1, 2 or 3%. Only continuous feeding (day 8 to 42) with 1% and 2% levels of LAC was found to yield the overall body weight gain (BWG) during the whole 42-day rearing period, which was significantly higher than that on the control diet, with a larger share of breast meat in carcass at a 2% LAC. However, these effects were associated with greater faecal score values indicating more watery excreta compared with the control. Increasing levels of LAC augmented the relative caecal weight and length. A reduction in the caecal pH was confirmed at day 21 for birds fed 1% and 2% of dietary LAC. The lower pH values were correlated to an increased sum of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), causing large increases in the concentration of undissociated forms of individual VFA. The decline in plate counts of coliform bacteria was observed with 2% and 3% LAC, whereas the counts of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) were higher at these two LAC levels. The present findings lead to the conclusion that the dietary level of 2% LAC originated from DW is the most effective in enhancing the productivity of broilers, with moderate occurrence of undesirable side effects.

scholarly journals High Doses of Caffeine during the Peripubertal Period in the Rat Impair the Growth and Function of the Testis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minji Park ◽  
Yuri Choi ◽  
Hyeonhae Choi ◽  
Ju-Yearn Yim ◽  
Jaesook Roh
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Doses ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Caffeine Exposure

Prenatal caffeine exposure adversely affects the development of the reproductive organs of male rat offspring. Thus, it is conceivable that peripubertal caffeine exposure would also influence physiologic gonadal changes and function during this critical period for sexual maturation. This study investigated the impact of high doses of caffeine on the testes of prepubertal male rats. A total of 45 immature male rats were divided randomly into three groups: a control group and 2 groups fed 120 and 180 mg/kg/day of caffeine, respectively, via the stomach for 4 weeks. Caffeine caused a significant decrease in body weight gain, accompanied by proportional decreases in lean body mass and body fat. The caffeine-fed animals had smaller and lighter testes than those of the control that were accompanied by negative influences on the histologic parameters of the testes. In addition, stimulated-testosterone ex vivo production was reduced in Leydig cells retrieved from the caffeine-fed animals. Our results demonstrate that peripubertal caffeine consumption can interfere with the maturation and function of the testis, possibly by interrupting endogenous testosterone secretion and reducing the sensitivity of Leydig cells to gonadotrophic stimulation. In addition, we confirmed that pubertal administration of caffeine reduced testis growth and altered testis histomorphology.

scholarly journals Effect of microencapsulation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii viability in the gastrointestinal tract and level of some blood biochemical factors in wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ghorbani-Choboghlo ◽  
Donya Nikaein ◽  
Ali-Reza Khosravi ◽  
Reza Rahmani ◽  
Zohreh Farahnejad
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT     Background and Objectives: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in an adequate amount, confer a health benefit on the host through the gut. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widespread yeast found in nature. This microor- ganism has been used as a probiotic agent in recent years. In this study, the effect of microencapsulation on survival rate of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in the simulated gastrointestinal tract medium and the impact of microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii on some serum biochemical factors in a rat model was evaluated. Materials and Methods: 30 male wistar rats were divided into three groups (control, rats receiving microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii, and rats receiving S. cerevisiae var. boulardii alone). The probiotic was gavaged at a dosage of 2 gr/ kg BW for 8 weeks. Blood was collected from rats at the end of the treatment period and biochemical factors were measured using Mancompany kits. Results: The results showed a significant increase in viability of microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in compar- ison with free S. cerevisiae var. boulardii (p<0.05). Weight of rats in probiotic treated groups was significantly higher in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, probiotic treatment reduced mean levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, free blood sugar and liver enzymes in rats. Conclusion: Microencapsulation could increase the survival rate of yeast probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract; however, more studies are needed for better understanding of the exact effect of microencapsulation on probiotics’ function.

scholarly journals Use of Chemical Nano Selenium as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agent in Quail Diets and its Effect on Growth, Carcasses, Antioxidant, Immunity and Caecal Microbe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
M. T. El-Saadony ◽  
S. S. Elnesr ◽  
M. Farahat ◽  
G. Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nano-minerals are used to enhance mineral bioavailability, which helps improve animal growth and health. The use of chemical nano-selenium (Che-SeNP) has lately attracted great scientific interest, mainly due to its potential benefits for poultry. The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of the dietary supplementation of Che-SeNPs on growth performance, carcass traits, blood constituents, antioxidant status, immunity, and gut microbiota of quails. A total of one week-old 180 Japanese quails were randomlydistributed into four equal groups, and each group consisted of 45 unsexed birds with five replications (nine birds each). The first group was fed a basal diet without supplementation (0 g/kg Che-SeNP), and the second, third, and fourth groups were fed diets containing 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg Che-SeNP, respectively. The results showed that the dietary supplementation of Che-SeNP significantly (P < 0.05) increased body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio but decreased feed intake (P < 0.001) compared to the control group. The highest values of growth performance were recorded in the group fed 0.4 g Che-SeNP g/kg feed. Che-SeNP levels did not affect carcass traits, relative organs (except liver), or blood hematology (except platelet count and hemoglobin level) of quails. Plasma total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and urea values were not affected by dietary Che-SeNP, but alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase values declined. Globulin and creatinine values were linearly increased with the inclusion of Che-SeNP (0.4 and 0.6 g/kg) in quail diets compared to the control. The supplementation of Che-SeNP in quail diets significantly improved (P < 0.05) the plasma lipid profile and activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to the control group. Immunoglobulin G values of Che-SeNPs (0.4 and 0.6 g/kg) were higher (P < 0.05) than those in the control group. The groups fed diets supplemented with Che-SeNP showed lower (P < 0.0001) total bacterial count, total yeast and molds count, Coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, and Salmonella colonization, and higher (P = 0.0003 and 0.0048) lactic acid bacteria counts than those in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Che-SeNP can improve the performance, lipid profile, antioxidant indices, and immunity, as well as decrease intestinal pathogens in quails.

Effect of selenium supplementation on glutathione peroxidase (GPX), cholesterol, thyroxin (T4) and other blood biochemicals in local Aseel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Muhammad Zia ◽  
Anjum Khalique ◽  
Saima Naveed ◽  
Jibran Hussain ◽  
Imran Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

The aim of study was to determine the impact of different selenium sources on blood biochemical picture of Aseel. Three-weeks-old 240 Aseel chickens (120 and 120) from Lakha, Mushki, Peshaweri and Mianwali varieties were randomly distributed into four groups; 60 birds/variety (30 and 30). The birds of each group of either sex were further subdivided into A, B (experimental) and C (control) treatment groups with 10 birds each. Group A and B were fed the diet containing 0.3 mg/kg Se-enriched yeast and sodium selenite, respectively, while group C was fed diet without selenium (control diet). Birds were maintained individually in cages from 4 to 21 weeks. In blood serum, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels increased (P£0.05) while, total cholesterol and thyroxin (T4) levels decreased (P£0.05) in Se-yeast supplemented group than sodium selenite supplemented or control group. The study concluded that Se-enriched yeast gave the superior performance to improve blood biochemical profile of Aseel.

scholarly journals Impact of di-n-butyl phthalate on reproductive system development in European pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Jarmołowicz ◽  
Krystyna Demska-Zakęś ◽  
Zdzisław Zakęś
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Sander Lucioperca ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
The Impact

Phthalic acid, di-n-butyl ester known as di-n-butyl phthalate, is an organic chemical compound that belongs to the group of endocrine disruptor compounds that have a documented negative impact on mammalian endocrine systems. Di-n-butyl phthalate is used widely as a plasticizer in the manufacture of artificial materials, which is why it is found in all types of environmental samples including those from water basins. The aim of the study was to describe the impact of di-n-butyl phthalate on the development of the reproductive system of European pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) during the sex differentiation period (age 61–96 days post hatch). A total of 240 fish were divided into 6 groups (40 fish per tank). Treatments consisted of a control group (0 g di-n-butyl phthalate·kg-1 feed) and five trial groups with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g di-n-butyl phthalate·kg-1 feed, respectively. Histological changes of the fish gonads, sex ratio, survival and growth of fish were evaluated. Di-n-butyl phthalate seriously disturbed sex differentiation process of pikeperch. Histopathological analyses revealed that the administration of 2 g di-n-butyl phthalate·kg-1 significantly affected the sex ratio. The feminization process (intersex gonads) at concentrations of 1 g and 2 g di-n-butyl phthalate·kg-1 were observed. All analyzed concentrations delayed testicular development. Phthalate did not have a significant impact on the survival or growth rates of the pikeperch. This is the first report of disruption sex differentiation processes in fish by di-n-butyl phthalate.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) and Probiotic Blend as Natural Feed Additives on Performance Traits, Blood Biochemistry, and Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Khoobani ◽  
Seyyed-Hamed Hasheminezhad ◽  
Faramin Javandel ◽  
Mehran Nosrati ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Randomized Design

The experiment was designed to determine the effect of different levels of chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) powder and a probiotic blend (PrimaLac®) on productive performance, blood biochemical parameters, and ileal microbiota in broiler chickens. A total of 225 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with five experimental diets as follows: 1—basal-diet without supplements (control-group); 2—basal-diet including probiotic blend; 3— basal-diet including 0.10% chicory; 4—basal-diet including 0.15% chicory; 5—basal-diet including 0.20% chicory. At 42 days of age, representative birds per replicate were randomly selected for blood samples and carcass measurements. Results showed that the body weight gain of broilers fed the probiotic blend or 0.10% chicory was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those fed on the other treatments. The abdominal fat pad was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in birds fed diets including chicory compared with control or probiotic. Blood triglycerides and LDL levels were reduced (P < 0.05) and HDL increased (P < 0.05) when fed probiotic or chicory whereas no significant effect on the other serum parameters was found. Broiler ileal microflora from the control group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher count of E. coli and lower Lactobacillus than those from the other groups. From findings, it is possible to conclude that dietary chicory powder supported positively growth performance and improved gut microbiota in broiler chickens. However, more research is needed on this subject to better understand the mode of action of feed additives used.

scholarly journals Can Xenobiotics Alter the Sex Ratio of Crocodilians in the Wild?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Satomi Kohno
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lake Apopka ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Estrogen Receptor 1

All crocodilians exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination without sex chromosomes. This temperature dependency can be overridden by exposure to estrogen via estrogen receptor 1. Thus, the sex ratio of crocodilian species is vulnerable to estrogenic xenobiotics. Multiple investigations of the mechanism and effects of xenobiotics in crocodilian species have been conducted since the early 1990s. This review focuses on the impact of xenobiotics on sex determination rather than gonadal functions in crocodilians. The thermosensitive and estrogen-sensitive periods that commit the bipotential gonad to develop as an ovary end by stages 24.5 and 25.3, respectively. In contrast, it is ambiguous when the estrogen-sensitive stage begins for ovarian development, although the thermosensitive period for ovarian development initiates around developmental stage 15 at an extreme female-producing temperature of 30°C. To accurately assess the effect of xenoestrogens on sex ratio in crocodilians, it is critical to collect eggs before the sex-determining period and to incubate them under precisely controlled temperatures. A well-studied system of xenobiotic effects on crocodilians is Lake Apopka (FL, USA), an EPA superfund clean-up site heavily contaminated with Dieldrin, Endrin, and <i>p,p&apos;</i>-DDE. The sum of estimated estrogenicity of xenobiotics measured in Lake Apopka was insufficient to activate the estrogen receptor 1 of <i>Alligator mississippiensis</i>, which is an essential receptor to induce ovarian development. Although juvenile <i>A. mississippiensis</i> showed gonadal alterations in sex hormone production and histology, the environmentally relevant concentration of xenobiotics in Lake Apopka was unlikely to alter the sex ratio of <i>A. mississippiensis.</i> Experimental exposure to xenobiotics such as 17α-ethynylestradiol, <i>p,p&apos;</i>-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin at environmentally relevant concentrations in ovo induced more female offspring in <i>A. mississippiensis</i> as compared with the control group. Bisphenol-A, atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, endosulfan, and Corexit did not alter the sex ratio of <i>A. mississippiensis</i> or <i>Caiman latirostris</i> under the tested conditions. Egg-incubation temperature has pronounced effects on estrogen sensitivity in crocodilian sex determination. Therefore, crocodilians are vulnerable to xenobiotic contamination and climate change in the wild. It is vital to further investigate the detailed mechanism and effects of environmental xenobiotics in crocodilian sex determination to mitigate their effect on sex ratio and conserve this ancient lineage.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety assessment of microbiological feed additive for chicken broilers in tolerance studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kupryś-Caruk ◽  
Monika Michalczuk ◽  
Beata Chabłowska ◽  
Ilona Stefańska ◽  
Danuta Kotyrba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionOne aim of the study was to evaluate the impact when added to feed of the two potentially probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum K KKP 593/p and Lactobacillus rhamnosus KKP 825 on production performance, health, and the composition of gut microbiota. The complementary aim was to assess the safety of these strains in broiler rearing.Material and MethodsA total of 500 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were divided into four groups. The experimental factor was the admixture of bacterial preparation to the feed at different doses: the recommended maximum dose, a dose ten times higher, the recommended minimum dose, and a zero dose for the control group not receiving bacteria.ResultsAddition of bacteria to the diets did not have a significant effect on the final body weight, final body weight gain, nor total feed intake or feed conversion. However, lactic acid bacteria had a positive effect on chicken health. Mortality among chickens fed with LAB was reduced. Moreover, LAB feeding inhibited the growth of Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens in the intestines. There were no significant differences in chicken performance by dose of bacteria in the feed. The group dosed with LAB ten times higher than the recommended maximum did not demonstrate changes in biochemical or haematological parameters of blood compared to the remaining groups.ConclusionFeeding chicken broilers with two potentially probiotic LAB strains is safe and impacts animal health positively.

scholarly journals Profil Hematologi dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Cekaman Panas pada Suhu Kandang yang Berbeda

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Sugito Sugito
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The profile of hematology and broiler daily body weight gain which treated with heat stress at different cage temperatureABSTRACT. A research have been conducted to find the impact of heat stress at 3 level of cage temperature on hematology profile and broiler daily body weight gain. Sixteen broilers (strain Cobb) at the age of 20 days were randomly divided to 4 groups. First group was control group that treated without given heat stress (KL). Second, third, and fourth groups were treated with heat stress in cages with temperature, respectively 33 ± 1oC, 36 ± 1oC, and 39 ± 1oC. Heat stress was given 4 hours daily during 7 days consecutively. The result indicated that cage temperature up to 36 ± 1oC has not significantly affected hematology profile and broiler daily body weight gain. The impact of increasing temperature have been found at cage temperature of 39 ± 1oC after 7 days of treatment, which were the increasing number of leucocytes, decreasing number of erythrocytes, and decreasing of broiler daily body weight gain. The broiler of the age above 20 to 27 days that exposed heat stress during 4 hour per day in the cage temperature of 39 ± 1oC can obtain heat stress in serious level.

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