scholarly journals Suitability of a Coupled Hydrologic and Hydraulic Model to Simulate Surface Water and Groundwater Hydrology in a Typical North-Eastern Germany Lowland Catchment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Frauke Kachholz ◽  
Wolfgang Klehr ◽  
Jens Tränckner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
North Eastern

Lowland river basins are characterised by complex hydrologic and hydraulic interactions between the different subsystems (aerated zone, groundwater, surface water), which may require physically-based dynamically-coupled surface water and groundwater hydrological models to reliably describe these processes. Exemplarily, for a typical north-eastern Germany lowland catchment (Tollense river with about 400 km²), an integrated hydrological model, MIKE SHE, coupled with a hydrodynamic model, MIKE 11, was developed and assessed. Hydrological and hydraulic processes were simulated from 2010 to 2018, covering strongly varying meteorological conditions. To achieve a highly reliable model, the calibration was performed in parallel for groundwater levels and river flows at the available monitoring sites in the defined catchment. Based on sensitivity analysis, saturated hydraulic conductivity, leakage coefficients, Manning’s roughness, and boundary conditions (BCs) were used as main calibration parameters. Despite the extreme soil heterogeneity of the glacial terrain, the model performance was quite reasonable in the different sub-catchments with an error of less than 2% for water balance estimation. The resulted water balance showed a strong dependency on land use intensity and meteorological conditions. During relatively dry hydrological years, actual evapotranspiration (ETa) becomes the main water loss component, with an average of 60%–65% of total precipitation and decreases to 55%–60% during comparatively wet hydrological years during the simulation period. Base flow via subsurface and drainage flow accounts for an approximate average of 30%–35% during wet years and rises up to 35%–45% of the total water budget during the dry hydrological years. This means, groundwater is in lowland river systems the decisive compensator of varying meteorological conditions. The coupled hydrologic and hydraulic model is valuable for detailed water balance estimation and seasonal dynamics of groundwater levels and surface water discharges, and, due to its physical foundation, can be extrapolated to analyse meteorological and land use scenarios. Future work will focus on coupling with nutrient transport and river water quality models.

scholarly journals Meteorological, soil moisture, surface water, and groundwater data from the St Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward K. P. Bam ◽  
Rosa Brannen ◽  
Sujata Budhathoki ◽  
Andrew M. Ireson ◽  
Chris Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater

Abstract. Long-term meteorological, soil moisture, surface water, and groundwater data provide information on past climate change, most notably information that can be used to analyze past changes in precipitation and groundwater availability in a region. These data are also valuable to test, calibrate and validate hydrological and climate models. CCRN (Changing Cold Regions Network) is a collaborative research network that brought together a team of over 40 experts from 8 universities and 4 federal government agencies in Canada for 5 years (2013–18) through the Climate Change and Atmospheric Research (CCAR) Initiative of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The working group aimed to integrate existing and new data with improved predictive and observational tools to understand, diagnose and predict interactions amongst the cryospheric, ecological, hydrological, and climatic components of the changing Earth system at multiple scales, with a geographic focus on the rapidly changing cold interior of Western Canada. The St Denis National Wildlife Area database contains data for the prairie research site, St Denis National Wildlife Research Area, and includes atmosphere, soil, and groundwater. The meteorological measurements are observed every 5 seconds, and half-hourly averages (or totals) are logged. Soil moisture data comprise volumetric water content, soil temperature, electrical conductivity and matric potential for probes installed at depths of 5 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm and 300 cm in all soil profiles. Additional data on snow surveys, pond and groundwater levels, and water isotope isotopes collected on an intermittent basis between 1968 and 2018 are also presented including information on the dates and ground elevations (datum) used to construct hydraulic heads. The metadata table provides location information, information about the full range of measurements carried out on each parameter and GPS locations that are relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data. The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0115.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use on Karst Water Resources—A Case Study of the Kupa (Kolpa) Transboundary River Catchment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Ana Selak ◽  
Ivana Boljat ◽  
Jasmina Lukač Reberski ◽  
Josip Terzić ◽  
Barbara Čenčur Curk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Hazard Levels

This paper presents a qualitative approach for assessing land-use pressures on the water resources of a transboundary Dinaric karst catchment of the Kupa River in Southeast Europe. Spatial analyses of the water quality indices for surface water and groundwater were carried out in a GIS environment, as well as a detailed assessment of man-made hazards based on recommendations of COST Action 620. The produced maps provide an insight into the qualitative status of water resources at a regional scale by indicating areas of potential negative impacts of land use through the identification of point and diffuse sources of pollution. Higher values of the water quality indices for surface water and groundwater are observed in lowland areas, karst plateaus and poljes, where the impacts of anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and quarries take place on karstified permeable carbonate rocks. Hazard assessment showed how transport infrastructure induces a low hazard level. Settlement areas without proper sewerage systems impose moderate hazard levels, while direct wastewater discharges into groundwater and waste illegally disposed in karst swallow holes and caves located near settlements were classified as having high hazard levels. The applied methods proved to be suitable even in challenging karst environments where the complex properties and structure make the exploration and monitoring of groundwater resources difficult and scarce.

Evaluating the effects of climate change for groundwater quantitative status in Denmark

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annesofie Jakosben ◽  
Hans Jørgen Henriksen ◽  
Ernesto Pasten-Zapata ◽  
Torben Sonnenborg ◽  
Lars Troldborg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Ecological Flow

<p>By use of transient and distributed groundwater-surface water flow models, simulated time series of stream discharge and groundwater level for monitoring networks, groundwater bodies and river reaches have been analysed for a historical period and four different future scenarios toward 2100 in two large-scale catchments in Denmark. The purpose of the climate scenarios has been to qualify the existing knowledge on how future climate change most likely will impact hydrology, groundwater status and Ecological Quality Elements (EQR- Ecological flow in rivers). Another purpose has been to identify whether foreseen climate changes will be detected by the surface water and groundwater monitoring networks, and to which degree the River Basin Management Plan measures for supporting the goal of good quantitative status are robust to the projected changes in water balance and ecological flow. The developed hydrological models were run with climate inputs based on selected RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate model runs (RCP8.5 wet, median, dry and RCP4.5 median). Changes in groundwater quantitative status and ecological flow metrics were calculated based on 30-year model runs driven by RCP8.5 for 2071-2100 (RCP4.5 for 2041-70) and compared to 1981-2010.</p><p>Overall the four scenarios results in very significant water balance changes with increased precipitation: 3% to 27%, evapotranspiration: 6% to 17%, groundwater recharge: 0% to 49%, drainage flow: 0% to 71%, baseflow: 0% to 31% and overland flow: 16% to 281%. For one catchment an increase in abstraction of 23% to 171% due to an increase in irrigation demand by 36% to 113% is foreseen. The results have wide implications for groundwater flooding risks, quantitative status and ecological flow metrics. Most sensitive is changes in ecological flow conditions in rivers for fish, showing a relative high probability for decreased state for 10-20% of the reaches for the RCP8.5 wet and dry scenarios due to more extreme hydrological regimes toward 2071-2100. Maximum monthly runoff is increased for winter months by 100% for RCP8.5 wet and median scenarios and around 10% for RCP8.5 dry scenario. Annual maximum daily flows is simulated to increase by up to a factor of five, and late summer low flows decreased.</p><p>Impacts on groundwater levels and water balances of groundwater bodies will be significant, with increased seasonal fluctuations and also increased maximum and decreased minimum groundwater levels for 30 year periods for 2071-2100 compared to 1981-2010.</p><p>More rain, both when we look back on historical data and when we look forward with latest climate projections will result in more frequent flooding from groundwater and streams in the future. At the same time, the temperature and thus evapotranspiration rises. This means that in the long term we will have increased challenges with drought and increased irrigation demands on sandy soils while evapotranspiration will also increase on the clayey soils. This will result in greater fluctuation in the flow and groundwater levels between winters and summers, and between wet and dry years, challenging sustainable groundwater abstraction and maintaining good quantitative status of groundwater bodies.</p>

scholarly journals ASSESSING GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL USE FOR EXPANDING IRRIGATION IN THE BURITI VERMELHO WATERSHED

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Elise Wendt ◽  
Lineu Neiva Rodrigues ◽  
Roel Dijksma ◽  
Jos C Van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Management Group ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Potential Use

ASSESSING GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL USE FOR EXPANDING IRRIGATION IN THE BURITI VERMELHO WATERSHED  DORIS ELISE WENDT1; LINEU NEIVA RODRIGUES2; ROEL DIJKSMA3; JOS C VAN DAM4 [1] Wageningen University, the Netherlands. [email protected];2Embrapa Cerrados, BR020, km18, CEP 73310970, Planaltina, DF.  [email protected];3 Hydrology and Quantative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. [email protected];4 Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. [email protected];  1 ABSTRACT In Brazil, the increasing middle class has raised food demand substantially. The Brazilian Savannah (Cerrados) is one of the rare places where agriculture can expand and address this new demand without jeopardizing the environment. Cerrados has a strictly divided dry and wet season. The dry season lasts from May to September. This long period contributes to various problems such as water shortages, conflicts and insecure food production. Without irrigation, only two crops can be grown per year in this region. Production suffers with a recurrent drought. Because agricultural production is uncertain, irrigation has an important role in this context, but its expansion is limited by water availability. Water conflicts have already occurred in some watersheds, which may jeopardize agriculture and decrease the livelihood of rural communities. In general, water for irrigation is limited to surface water. Therefore, it is important to investigate alternative sources of water, like groundwater. The purpose of this study is to assess the groundwater potential for expanding the irrigated area in a small-scale catchment (Buriti Vermelho, DF, Brazil). The current water demand was investigated and simulated by an Irrigation Strategies Simulation Model (MSEI). A daily water balance was computed, which quantified catchment storage over time. In addition, groundwater behavior and availability were investigated by recession curve analysis. The irrigated area was changed using two scenarios that showed different effects in both catchment surface water balance and groundwater levels. A decline in groundwater levels is seen in all scenarios one year after the beginning of extra extraction. With time, water levels may decline beyond the natural recovery capacity, which will certainly penalize poorer farmers and result in areas being taken out of agricultural production. Keywords: Base flow Recession, Catchment Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Crop Water Productivity  WENDT, D.E.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; DIJKSMA, R.; DAM, J.C. VANAVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE USO DA ÁGUA SUBTERRÂNEA PARA EXPANSÃO DA IRRIGAÇÃO NA BACIA DO BURITI VERMELHO   2 RESUMO A demanda por alimentos no Brasil cresceu substancialmente devido, entre outras coisas, ao aumento da classe média. O Cerrado brasileiro é um dos poucos lugares no país onde a agricultura ainda pode expandir e atender a essa nova demanda, sem comprometer o meio ambiente. A região do Cerrado possui duas estações climáticas bem definidas, uma seca e outra chuvosa. O longo período da estação seca, que vai de maio a setembro, contribui para o surgimento de vários problemas, entre eles restrições hídricas, conflitos e insegurança na produção de alimentos. Sem irrigação, apenas dois plantios podem ser feitos por ano. Os cultivos sofrem com os veranicos e a produção é incerta. A irrigação é de fundamental importância nesse contexto, mas sua expansão é limitada pela disponibilidade de água. Em algumas bacias hidrográficas já se observam a ocorrência de conflitos, que podem comprometer a agricultura irrigada e a qualidade de vida das comunidades rurais. De maneira geral, a água para irrigação é de superfície. Desta forma, é importante investigar fontes alternativas de água, com vista ao crescimento da irrigação, tais como a água subterrânea. O Objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a viabilidade de se utilizar água subterrânea para expandir a agricultura irrigada na bacia hidrográfica do Buriti Vermelho, DF, Brasil. A demanda atual de água foi estimada por meio de um modelo de simulação de estratégias de irrigação (MSEI). Um balanço diário da água no solo foi realizado. O comportamento e a disponibilidade de água subterrânea foram avaliados por meio de uma análise da curva de recessão. Para fins da análise, foram utilizados três cenários de área irrigada, que indicaram diferentes efeitos tanto no perfil do balanço de água no solo quanto no nível do lençol freático. Nos três cenários avaliados, em apenas um ano após a expansão da área irrigada, verificou-se um rebaixamento do lençol freático, que pode atingir níveis abaixo da sua capacidade natural de recuperação. Esse rebaixamento penalizará principalmente os agricultores menores. Em alguns casos haverá necessidade de interromper a produção em algumas áreas. Palavras-chave: Curva de recessão, hidrologia, hidrogeologia, produtividade do uso da água

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