scholarly journals Natural Brain-Inspired Intelligence for Non-Gaussian and Nonlinear Environments with Finite Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Mahdi Naghshvarianjahromi ◽  
Shiva Kumar ◽  
M. Jamal Deen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cognitive Decision ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Conventional Systems

The cyber processing layer of smart systems based on a cognitive dynamic system (CDS) can be a good solution for better decision making and situation understanding in non-Gaussian and nonlinear environments (NGNLE). The NGNLE situation understanding means deciding between certain known situations in NGNLE to understand the current state condition. Here, we report on a cognitive decision-making (CDM) system inspired by the human brain decision-making. The simple low-complexity algorithmic design of the proposed CDM system can make it suitable for real-time applications. A case study of the implementation of the CDS on a long-haul fiber-optic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) link was performed. An improvement in Q-factor of ~7 dB and an enhancement in data rate efficiency ~43% were achieved using the proposed algorithms. Furthermore, an extra 20% data rate enhancement was obtained by guaranteeing to keep the CDM error automatically under the system threshold. The proposed system can be extended as a general software-based platform for brain-inspired decision making in smart systems in the presence of nonlinearity and non-Gaussian characteristics. Therefore, it can easily upgrade the conventional systems to a smart one for autonomic CDM applications.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Framework For Small Business With Limited Available Capital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Around
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
General Level ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Financial Assessment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
A Current

In the world of business special attention is paid to entrepreneurs for their potential and large corporations for their impact on the market. Due to this, small businesses often fall short of resources and tools to help them grow. The aim of this dissertation is to introduce a framework for decision making to small businesses as a tool to help embed more structure into their organization. The framework was then applied to two distinct case studies to display its functionality and usefulness. The framework consists of several steps: 1) corporate plan and financial assessment 2) a current state analysis 3) a quantitative and mathematical feasibility study of the decision The framework in each case study resulted in an objective and qualified decision. It also suggests that, due to the unique structure and characteristics of each small business, the framework proposed would only be relevant and applicable on a general level and more work is required to refine the details in order to be able apply it universally to business entities with limited working capital.

scholarly journals FPGA Implementation of UFMC Based Baseband Transmitter: Case Study for LTE 10MHz Channelization

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Raza Jafri ◽  
Javaria Majid ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Ali Imran ◽  
M. Najam-ul-Islam
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Band Emission ◽  
Operational Frequency ◽  
Orthogonal Property ◽  
Transmitter Case ◽  
The Cost

Universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) is a low complexity promising waveform that provides quasi-orthogonal property among subcarriers. In addition, it can achieve much better out-of-band emission performance than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Authors have proposed a hardware platform to implement a UFMC transmitter in this paper. Highly reduced complexity schemes for IFFT, filtering, and spectrum shifting are realized on actual hardware. This helps to achieve overall architecture of the transmitter at the cost of minimal FPGA resource usage. Hence, the overall design uses only 1038 slice registers, 1154 slice LUTs, and 64 multipliers of Xilinx Virtex-7 XC7VX330t device. A throughput of 773.5 Msamples/sec at an operational frequency of 364 MHz is achieved. This throughput is adequate for processing 50 Physical Resource Blocks (PRB) of LTE 10 MHz channelization in required time. The presented architecture provides a latency of only 2% of one LTE 10MHz channelization symbol due to the implementation of pipelining at different levels. Although the presented hardware design in its current form meets LTE 10MHz channelization throughput requirements, further increase in throughput is possible due to the scalable nature of the architecture. To the best of our knowledge, this work is first ever FPGA solution for UFMC transmitter presented in the literature.

Making the Case for Practice-Based Research and the Imperative Role of Design Practitioners

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Freihoefer ◽  
Terri Zborowsky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Validation Tool

The purpose of this article is to justify the need for evidence-based design (EBD) in a research-based architecture and design practice. This article examines the current state of practice-based research (PBR), supports the need for EBD, illustrates PBR methods that can be applied to design work, and explores how findings can be used as a decision-making tool during design and as a validation tool during postoccupancy. As a result, design professions’ body of knowledge will advance and practitioners will be better informed to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the society. Furthermore, characteristics of Friedman’s progressive research program are used as a framework to examine the current state of PBR in design practice. A modified EBD approach is proposed and showcased with a case study of a renovated inpatient unit. The modified approach demonstrates how a highly integrated project team, especially the role of design practitioners, contributed to the success of utilizing baseline findings and evidence in decision-making throughout the design process. Lastly, recommendations and resources for learning research concepts are provided for practitioners. It is the role of practitioners to pave the way for the next generation of design professionals, as the request and expectation for research become more prevalent in design practice.

scholarly journals Cognitive Decision-Making in Dynamic Systems: When the Objectivity (of the Processing) Does Not Guarantee the Validity (of the Choice of Action)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Cadet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Evolving Systems ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Cognitive Decision ◽  
Individual Choices

Since around 1970, academic studies on decision-making have changed in nature. Whereas they used to be laboratory studies of selected situations giving rise to the expression of individual choices, nowadays studies focus on real situations. These situations are processed in their natural contexts at the time they occur. The decisions to be made concern generally social problems (for instance forest fires, maritime pollution or global warming). This mutation in the nature of situations studied requires a paradigm shift, which leads to elaborate decisions in complex, dynamic and evolving systems, even sometimes resilient to human actions implemented to control them. This chapter analyses, at individual and group level (crisis units), cognitive difficulties encountered by decision-makers in handling such situations. These situations consist in treating information by assigning them, from the outset, meanings (sometimes personal). This is done by looking for temporary interactions, while respecting the global nature of the situation, by focusing on knowing the properties of context as well as those of the temporal evolution of the system concerned. This chapter analyses a case study for which urgent and fundamental decisions could not be taken and proposes an interpretation in terms of paradigms. Previous studies noted that the decision in complex systems, could entail paradoxes. This study on the decision-making dynamic shows that seeking objectivity, as defined under its current intangible form, does not produce a significant increase in the validity of choices made.

scholarly journals Brain-Inspired Cognitive Decision Making for Nonlinear and Non-Gaussian Environments

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 180910-180922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Naghshvarianjahromi ◽  
Shiva Kumar ◽  
M. Jamal Deen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Decision ◽  
Non Gaussian

scholarly journals Urban Planning and Climate Change Mitigation

2015 ◽  
pp. 210-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Bennadji ◽  
Richard Laing ◽  
David Gray
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Change Mitigation

The aim of the research described in this chapter is to explore the use of intelligent virtual transport modelling within the context of a case study involving the development of a university estate. Through the application of visualisation techniques, the study was able to explore how such techniques can lead to enlightenment of potential solutions, whilst simultaneously demonstrating the effects of design solutions on CO2 emissions. Such an approach leads to a better understanding of the transport complexity from the perspective of potential clients and users. Although images and physical models of the case study were appreciated by stakeholders, these did not provide more information than their current state and could not help in making funded decision by decision making community. Animated data, including calculated predictions of the effect of design on daily vehicles, human traffic, and CO2 emission, enlivened and illuminated the designed situation, and allowed decision makers to appreciate the real current and potential challenges.

scholarly journals The digital transition of social security in Finland. Frontrunner experiencing headwinds?

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Security ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Organizational Challenges ◽  
Current State ◽  
Digital Transition ◽  
Digital Processes

Digitalization transforms our societies in a profound way. Public administrations and social security institutions are at different stages in this process. Digitalization poses technological, legal, and organizational challenges. Finland has typically been a frontrunner in the adaptation of ICT technology. This case study critically assesses the current state-of-the-art in the field of digitalization in Finnish social security. The text singles out the projects that are on-going and those that are planned for the immediate future. The article shows that Finnish social security institutions have integrated digital processes into their operations, but legal and ethical challenges exist, especially in the use of artificial intelligence and automatic decision-making in social security.

Blockchain in Supply Chain: Case Study of Lottemart Ciputat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Handoyo ◽  
M. R. Mashudi ◽  
H. P. Ipung
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Production Processes

Current supply chain methods are having difficulties in resolving problems arising from the lack of trust in supply chains. The root reason lies in two challenges brought to the traditional mechanism: self-interests of supply chain members and information asymmetry in production processes. Blockchain is a promising technology to address these problems. The key objective of this paper is to present qualitative analysis for blockchain in supply chain as the decision-making framework to implement this new technology. The analysis method used Val IT business case framework, validated by the expert judgements. The further study needs to be elaborated by either the existing organization that use blockchain or assessment by the organization that will use blockchain to improve their supply chain management.

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