scholarly journals A High-Accuracy Mathematical Morphology and Multilayer Perceptron-Based Approach for Melanoma Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz-María Sánchez-Reyes ◽  
Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz ◽  
Sebastián Salazar-Colores ◽  
Gloria Nélida Avecilla-Ramírez ◽  
Gerardo Israel Pérez-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Mathematical Morphology ◽  
Multilayer Perceptron ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
World Health ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Melanoma Detection ◽  
Art Works ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), melanoma is the most severe type of skin cancer and is the leading cause of death from skin cancer worldwide. Certain features of melanoma include size, shape, color, or texture changes of a mole. In this work, a novel, robust and efficient method for the detection and classification of melanoma in simple and dermatological images is proposed. It is achieved by using HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color space along with mathematical morphology and a Gaussian filter to detect the region of interest and estimate four descriptors: symmetry, edge, color, and size. Although these descriptors have been used for several years, the way they are computed for this proposal is one of the things that enhances the results. Subsequently, a multilayer perceptron is employed to classify between malignant and benign melanoma. Three datasets of simple and dermatological images commonly used in the literature were employed to train and evaluate the performance of the proposed method. According to k-fold cross-validation, the method outperforms three state-of-art works, achieving an accuracy of 98.5% and 98.6%, a sensitivity of 96.68% and 98.05%, and a specificity of 98.15%, and 98.01%, in simple and dermatological images, respectively. The results have proven that its use as an assistive device for the detection of melanoma would improve reliability levels compared to conventional methods.

scholarly journals T2 mapping of the peritumoral infiltration zone of glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092198932
Author(s):  
Timo Alexander Auer ◽  
Maike Kern ◽  
Uli Fehrenbach ◽  
Yasemin Tanyldizi ◽  
Martin Misch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anaplastic Astrocytoma ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Gliomas ◽  
Health Organization

Purpose To characterise peritumoral zones in glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma evaluating T2 values using T2 mapping sequences. Materials and methods In this study, 41 patients with histopathologically confirmed World Health Organization high grade gliomas and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging examinations were retrospectively identified and enrolled. High grade gliomas were differentiated: (a) by grade, glioblastoma versus anaplastic astrocytoma; and (b) by isocitrate dehydrogenase mutational state, mutated versus wildtype. T2 map relaxation times were assessed from the tumour centre to peritumoral zones by means of a region of interest and calculated pixelwise by using a fit model. Results Significant differences between T2 values evaluated from the tumour centre to the peritumoral zone were found between glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, showing a higher decrease in signal intensity (T2 value) from tumour centre to periphery for glioblastoma ( P = 0.0049 – fit-model: glioblastoma –25.02± 19.89 (–54–10); anaplastic astrocytoma –5.57±22.94 (–51–47)). Similar results were found when the cohort was subdivided by their isocitrate dehydrogenase profile, showing an increased drawdown from tumour centre to periphery for wildtype in comparison to mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase ( P = 0.0430 – fit model: isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype –10.35±16.20 (–51) – 0; isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated 12.14±21.24 (–15–47)). A strong statistical proof for both subgroup analyses ( P = 0.9987 – glioblastoma R2 0.93±0.08; anaplastic astrocytoma R2 0.94±0.15) was found. Conclusion Peritumoral T2 mapping relaxation time tissue behaviour of glioblastoma differs from anaplastic astrocytoma. Significant differences in T2 values, using T2 mapping relaxation time, were found between glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, capturing the tumour centre to the peritumoral zone. A similar curve progression from tumour centre to peritumoral zone was found for isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype high grade gliomas in comparison to isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated high grade gliomas. This finding is in accordance with the biologically more aggressive behaviour of isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype in comparison to isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated high grade gliomas. These results emphasize the potential of mapping techniques to reflect the tissue composition of high grade gliomas.

Skin Cancer Induced by Arsenic in the Water

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Néstor Cabrera ◽  
María Luisa Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Triad ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Arsenic (As) is a well-recognized poison. Exposure may be of an acute nature, leading to high concentrations and acute arsenic poisoning. Chronic exposure may lead to benign skin changes, skin cancer, and internal malignancy. Objective: Our purpose was to study the nature, incidence, and sequelae of skin disorders in a group of Argentinean patients suffering from chronic arsenicism due to the intake of contaminated well water. Methods: All patients who presented with chronic arsenicism at the Dermatology Department of Hospital Posadas (Buenos Aires, Argentina) during a 10-year period (1988–1998) were included in this study. The patient group compromised 9 women and 14 men, the age range was 37–72 years. Diagnosis was based on the clinical triad (keratoderma, leucoderma and epiteliomatosis). We performed clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic studies to confirm diagnosis. We screened for possible internal diseases. Results: All patients included in this study had cutaneous lesions associated with long-term arsenic exposure. The mean age of the patients was 58.2 years. The estimated mean time of the beginning of the lesions was of 3.7 years. All patients were Argentinean from endemic areas of our country where the arsenic levels are higher than those accepted by the World Health Organization. Conclusion: This study allows us to conclude that the relationship between arsenic and cancer is frequent and it describes the principal characteristics of this entity in our group of patients.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sunbed use among 3692 outpatients in 18 centers of the Italian Cancer League (LILT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Mastroeni ◽  
Francesca Sampogna ◽  
Nidia Melo Salcedo ◽  
Francesco Ricci ◽  
Luca Fania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Indoor Tanning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skin Cancer Prevention ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIndoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Nonetheless, its use is still widespread. We aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of sunbed users in a group of participants in the skin cancer prevention campaign organized by the Italian Cancer League (LILT). During almost 2 years, 4409 individuals were screened in 18 centers. Participants reported having used sunbeds before the age of 15 years in 2.2% of cases, while after age 15 the prevalence of use was 22.2%. Participants with complete information were 3692. Sunbed users aged > 15 years were significantly more frequently females, young, living in Northern Italy, highly educated, and current or former smokers. They had darker phototype, more common nevi, had used sunbeds more frequently before the age of 15, reported a history of sunburns, and use of sunscreens. Indoor tanning is an important public health issue and a relevant target for primary prevention. However, not all countries have adopted the recommendations issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) on health risks associated with artificial tanning. A deeper insight into the topic may contribute to identify the best prevention strategies.

scholarly journals A Survey Based Study on the Sun Safety Knowledge of Students Attending Public Schools in San Antonio, TX

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Venkata Anisha Guda ◽  
Sandra Osswald
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
3Rd Grade

1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime but 80% of skin cancer is preventable. According to the World Health Organization, the majority of sun exposure occurs before the age of 18. Because children spend much of their time outdoors, teachers should ensure students have enough knowledge to protect themselves from the sun. After speaking with various educators and parents in the San Antonio, TX community, it became apparent that insufficient knowledge is provided to students and families regarding sun damage and protection. A 1 hour powerpoint presentation was created and given to 3rd grade and 5th grade classes at 10 public elementary schools in San Antonio, TX. An 8 question pre test and post test was also provided to the students. The 8 question test assessed how much the students had learned from the presentation, if they currently protect themselves from the sun, and whether they use sunscreen. 106 students in 3rd grade and 95 students in 5th grade took the pre- and post-test. Both classes improved their score from the pre to the posttest. 3rd graders missed an average of 2.45 questions on the pretest and 2.12 questions on the posttest. 5th graders missed an average of 3.29 questions on the pretest and 1.21 questions on the posttest. Additionally, only 37% of 3rd graders and 15% of 5th graders claimed that they always use sunscreen. From the results of the study, it is apparent that students improved their knowledge regarding sun damage and protection by listening to the presentation. Therefore, it is imperative that children, parents, and teachers continue to be educated in San Antonio, TX so that the next generation can protect themselves from the sun.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Low-Level and High-Level Intuitive Features for Melanoma Detection

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muniba Ashfaq ◽  
Nasru Minallah ◽  
Zahid Ullah ◽  
Arbab Masood Ahmad ◽  
Aamir Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Textural Features ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Melanoma Detection ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
High Level

This paper presents an intelligent approach for the detection of Melanoma—a deadly skin cancer. The first step in this direction includes the extraction of the textural features of the skin lesion along with the color features. The extracted features are used to train the Multilayer Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Networks. We evaluate the trained networks for the classification of test samples. This work entails three sets of experiments including 50 % , 70 % and 90 % of the data used for training, while the remaining 50 % , 30 % , and 10 % constitute the test sets. Haralick’s statistical parameters are computed for the extraction of textural features from the lesion. Such parameters are based on the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) with an offset of 2 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 20 , 24 and 28, each with an angle of 0 , 45 , 90 and 135 degrees, respectively. In order to distill color features, we have calculated the mean, median and standard deviation of the three color planes of the region of interest. These features are fed to an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the detection of skin cancer. The combination of Haralick’s parameters and color features have proven better than considering the features alone. Experimentation based on another set of features such as Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color and Diameter (ABCD) features usually observed by dermatologists has also been demonstrated. The ‘D’ feature is however modified and named Oblongness. This feature captures the ratio between the length and the width. Furthermore, the use of modified standard deviation coupled with ABCD features improves the detection of Melanoma by an accuracy of 93.7 %

scholarly journals Energetic Glaucoma Segmentation and Classification Strategies using Depth Optimized Machine Learning Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH JESI V ◽  
SHABNAM MOHAMED ASLAM ◽  
RAMKUMAR G ◽  
SUJATHA M ◽  
ANUSHYA A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
World Health ◽  
Optical Region ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sleeping Habits

Abstract Glaucoma is a major threatening cause, in which it affects the optical nerve to lead a permanent blindness to individuals. The major causes of Glaucoma are high pressure to eyes, family history, irregular sleeping habits and so on. These kinds of causes leads to Glaucoma easily as well as the affection to such disease leads a heavy damage to the internal optic nervous system and the affected person will get permanent blindness within few months. The eye fluid called aqueous humor is getting blocked inside due to Glaucoma, in normal cases sometimes the fluid comes out from the eye via mesh perspective channel, but this Glaucoma blocks that channel and causes the fluid to getting locked inside and provides the permanent blockage inside. So, that the eyes are getting severe affections such as infection, random blindness in initial stages and so on. The World Health Organization analyzes and reports nearly 80 million people around the globe are affected due to some form of Glaucoma. The major problem with this disease is it is incurable, however, the affection stages can be reduced and maintain the same level of affection as it is for the long period but it is possible only earlier stages of identification. This Glaucoma causes structural affection to the eye ball and it is complex to estimate the cause during regular diagnosis. In medical terms, the Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR) is minimized to the Glaucoma patients suddenly and leads a harmful damage to one's eye in severe manner. The general way to identify the Glaucoma is to take Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) test, in which it captures the uncovered portion of eye ball (backside) and it is an efficient way to visualize diverse portions of eyes with optical nerve visibility is shown clearly. The OCT images are mainly used to identify the diseases like Glaucoma with proper and robust accuracy levels. In this paper, a new methodology is introduced to identify the Glaucoma on earlier stages called Depth Optimized Machine Learning Strategy (DOMLS), in which it adapts the new optimization logic called Modified K-Means Optimization Logic (MkMOL) to provide best accuracy in results and the proposed approach assures the accuracy level of more than 96.2% with least error rate of 0.002%. This paper focuses on the identification of early stage of Glaucoma and provides an efficient solution to people in case of affection by such disease using OCT images. The exact position point out is handled by using Region of Interest (ROI) based optical region selection, in which it is easy to point the Optical Cup (OC) and Optical Disc (OD). The proposed algorithm of DOMLS proves the accuracy levels in estimation of Glaucoma and shows the practical proofs on resulting section in clear manner.

scholarly journals U-Net Based Lung Image Segmentation for Lung Disease Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2743-2748
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

Lung diseases are becoming a worldwide health problem. World Health Organization estimates that by 2030, lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease will be one of the leading cause of mortality. Accurate and timely detection of lung diseases may prevent further death. It is therefore vital that its early detection will lead to treatment and prevention of mortality among patients. However, the scarcity of expert or well-trained radiologists reading CXR images might delay the timely diagnosis of lung diseases especially in rural areas where the scarcity is felt. In order to aid radiologist in reading CXR images, a computer aided tool is proposed for faster and more accurate reading of CXR images. To prepare the image for processing, it need to be segmented to make it easier for the computer to understand. The goal of image segmentation in medical field is to extract the region of interest in the organ. This study is focused on developing a model that will segment the lung from CXR images. Using U-Net architecture based semantic segmentation, the researchers were able to develop and train a model using a set of 562 CXR images and lung mask images, 70 percent of the images were used for training and 30 percent for testing. The developed model achieved a final training accuracy of 97.55 percent and validation accuracy of 97.37 percent. Validation loss and training loss are also low which indicates that the model can segment lung from CXR images with minimal error. The developed model can then be used in classifying lung diseases by focusing on the segmented image rather than focusing on the entire CXR image.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sunbed use among 3692 outpatients in 18 centers of the Italian Cancer League (LILT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Mastroeni ◽  
Francesca Sampogna ◽  
Nidia Melo Salcedo ◽  
Francesco Ricci ◽  
Luca Fania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Indoor Tanning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skin Cancer Prevention ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Nonetheless, its use is still widespread. We aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of sunbeds users in a group of participants in the skin cancer prevention campaign organized by the Italian Cancer League (LILT). During almost two years, 4409 individuals were screened in 18 centers. Participants reported having used sunbeds before the age of 15 years in 2.2% of cases, while after the age of 15 years the prevalence of use was 22.2%. Participants with complete information were 3692. Sunbeds users aged > 15 years were significantly more frequently females, young, living in Northern Italy, highly educated, and ever smokers. They had darker phototype, more common nevi, had used sunbeds more frequently before the age of 15, reported a history of sunburns, and the use of sunscreens. Indoor tanning is an important public health issue and a relevant aspect of primary prevention. However, not all countries have adopted the recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) on health risks associated with artificial tanning. A deeper insight into the topic may contribute to identify the best prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Skin Cancer and Its Treatment: Novel Treatment Approaches with Emphasis on Nanotechnology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristjan Orthaber ◽  
Matevž Pristovnik ◽  
Kristijan Skok ◽  
Barbara Perić ◽  
Uroš Maver
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Western World ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Health Organization

The life expectancy in the Western world is increasing for a long time, which is the courtesy of a higher life standard, a more thorough hygiene, and, of course, the progress of modern medicine. Nevertheless, one of the illnesses that still proves to be a great challenge regardless of the recent advancements in medicine is cancer. Skin cancer is, according to the World Health Organization, the most common malignancy for the white population. The beginning of the paper offers a brief overview of the latest available information concerning epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostics, and treatment options for skin cancer, whereas the rest of the article deals with modern approaches to skin cancer treatment, highlighting recent development of nanotechnology based treatment approaches. Among these, we focus especially on the newest nanotechnological approaches combined with chemotherapy, a field which specialises in target specificity, drug release control, and real time monitoring with the goal being to diminish unwanted side effects and their severity, achieving a cheaper treatment and a generally more efficient chemotherapy. The field of nanotechnology is a rapidly developing one, judging by already approved clinical studies or by new theranostic agents that combine both the therapeutic and diagnostic modalities.

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