scholarly journals 3D Numerical Modeling of Induced-Polarization Grounded Electrical-Source Airborne Transient Electromagnetic Response Based on the Fictitious Wave Field Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanju Ji ◽  
Xiangdong Meng ◽  
Weimin Huang ◽  
Yanqi Wu ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Integral Transformation ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Response Amplitude ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Electrical Source

The grounded electrical-source airborne transient electromagnetic (GREATEM) system is widely used in mineral exploration. Meanwhile, the induced polarization (IP) effect, which indicates the polarizability of the earth, is often found. In this paper, the Maxwell equations in the frequency domain are transformed into fictitious wave domain, where Maxwell equations are solved by the time domain finite difference method. Then, an integral transformation method is used to convert the calculation results back to the time domain. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation in a polarizable medium is presented. The accuracy of this method is proven by comparing it with the analytical solution and the existing method, and the calculation efficiency is increased five-fold. The simulation results show that the GREATEM system has a higher response amplitude in the conductive region, while IP effects cannot be identified in the conductive area. The GREATEM system has a higher response amplitude in the low-resistance region, but IP effects cannot be identified in the low-resistance area, and the detection of IP effects is more suitable for the high-resistance area. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the detection ability of the GREATEM system in the low-resistance area.

scholarly journals The time domain numerical method of three-dimensional conductors including radiation with lumped parameter circuit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Souma Jinno ◽  
Shuji Kitora ◽  
Hiroshi Toki ◽  
Masayuki Abe
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Formalism ◽  
Vector Potentials ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Radiation Theory ◽  
Stable Solutions ◽  
The Time Domain

AbstractWe formulate a numerical method on the transmission and radiation theory of three-dimensional conductors starting from the Maxwell equations in the time domain. We include the delay effect in the integral equations for the scalar and vector potentials rigorously, which is vital to obtain numerically stable solutions for transmission and radiation phenomena in conductors. We provide a formalism to connect the conductors to any passive lumped-parameter circuits. We show one example of numerical calculations, demonstrating that the new formalism provides stable solutions to the transmission and radiation phenomena.

Electromagnetic modeling of 3-D sources over 2-D inhomogeneities in the time domain

Geophysics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 994-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leppin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Wavenumber Domain ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Time Domain

A numerical method is presented by which the transient electromagnetic response of a two‐dimensional (2-D) conductor, embedded in a conductive host rock and excited by a rectangular current loop, can be modeled. This 2.5-D modeling problem has been formulated in the time domain in terms of a vector diffusion equation for the scattered magnetic induction, which is Fourier transformed into the spatial wavenumber domain in the strike direction of the conductor. To confine the region of solution of the diffusion equation to the conductive earth, boundary values for the components of the magnetic induction on the ground surface have been calculated by means of an integral transform of the vertical component of the magnetic induction at the air‐earth interface. The system of parabolic differential equations for the three magnetic components has been integrated for 9 to 15 discrete spatial wavenumbers ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] using an implicit homogeneous finite‐difference scheme. The discretization of the differential equations on a grid representing a cross‐section of the conductive earth results in a large, sparse system of linear equations, which is solved by the successive overrelaxation method. The three‐dimensional (3-D) response has been computed by an inverse Fourier transformation of the cubic spline interpolated scattered magnetic induction in the wavenumber domain using a digital filtering technique. To test the algorithm, responses have been computed for a two‐layered half‐space and a vertical prism embedded in a conductive host rock. These examples were then compared with results obtained analytically or numerically using frequency‐domain finite‐element and time‐domain integral equation methods. The new numerical procedure gives satisfactory results for a wide range of 2-D conductivity distributions with conductivity ratios exceeding 1:100, provided the grid is sufficiently refined at the corners of the conductivity anomalies.

A finite‐element solution for the transient electromagnetic response of an arbitrary two‐dimensional resistivity distribution

Geophysics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1450-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Goldman ◽  
C. Hubans ◽  
S. Nicoletis ◽  
S. Spitz
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Sparse Matrix ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Implicit Time ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Exact Boundary ◽  
The Time Domain

We present a numerical method for solving Maxwell’s equations in the case of an arbitrary two‐dimensional resistivity distribution excited by an infinite current line. The electric field is computed directly in the time domain. The computations are carried out in the lower half‐space only because exact boundary conditions are used on the free surface. The algorithm follows the finite‐element approach, which leads (after space discretization) to an equation system with a sparse matrix. Time stepping is done with an implicit time scheme. At each time step, the solution of the equation system is provided by the fast system ICCG(0). The resulting algorithm produces good results even when large resistivity contrasts are involved. We present a test of the algorithm’s performance in the case of a homogeneous earth. With a reasonable grid, the relative error with respect to the analytical solution does not exceed 1 percent, even 2 s after the source is turned off.

Spectral induced polarization parameters as determined through time‐domain measurements

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1993-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Polarization Data ◽  
Forward Solution ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Impedance Model ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
The Time Domain

A method for the extraction of Cole-Cole spectral parameters from time‐domain induced polarization data is demonstrated. The instrumentation required to effect the measurement and analysis is described. The Cole-Cole impedance model is shown to work equally well in the time domain as in the frequency domain. Field trials show the time‐domain method to generate spectral parameters consistent with those generated by frequency‐domain surveys. This is shown to be possible without significant alteration to field procedures. Cole-Cole time constants of up to 100 s are shown to be resolvable given a transmitted current of a 2 s pulse‐time. The process proves to have added usefulness as the Cole-Cole forward solution proves an excellent basis for quantifying noise in the measured decay.

Transient electromagnetic response of a polarizable ground

Geophysics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Relaxation Model ◽  
Reverse Polarity ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Positive Time

When a uniform ground has a conductivity which may be described by a Cole‐Cole relaxation model with a positive time constant, then the transient response of such a ground will show evidence of induced polarization (IP) effects. The IP effects cause the transient initially to decay quite rapidly and to reverse polarity. After this reversal the transient decays much more slowly, the decay at this stage being about the same rate as a nonpolarizable ground.

scholarly journals Calculations of near-field emissions in frequency-domain into time-dependent data with arbitrary wave form transient perturbations

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
B. Ravelo ◽  
J. Ben Hadj Slama
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Data ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
The Time Domain

This paper is devoted on the application of the computational method for calculating the transient electromagnetic (EM) near-field (NF) radiated by electronic structures from the frequency-dependent data for the arbitrary wave form perturbations i(t). The method proposed is based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The different steps illustrating the principle of the method is described. It is composed of three successive steps: the synchronization of the input excitation spectrum I(f) and the given frequency data H0(f), the convolution of the two inputs data and then, the determination of the time-domain emissions H(t). The feasibility of the method is verified with standard EM 3D simulations. In addition to this method, an extraction technique of the time-dependent z-transversal EM NF component Xz(t) from the frequency-dependent x- and y- longitudinal components Hx(f) and Hy(f) is also presented. This technique is based on the conjugation of the plane wave spectrum (PWS) transform and FFT. The feasibility of the method is verified with a set of dipole radiations. The method introduced in this paper is particularly useful for the investigation of time-domain emissions for EMC applications by considering transient EM interferences (EMIs).

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