scholarly journals Ultrafast X-ray Photochemistry at European XFEL: Capabilities of the Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) Instrument

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Khakhulin ◽  
Florian Otte ◽  
Mykola Biednov ◽  
Christina Bömer ◽  
Tae-Kyu Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transient Intermediates ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Ray Methods ◽  
Ray Scattering

Time-resolved X-ray methods are widely used for monitoring transient intermediates over the course of photochemical reactions. Ultrafast X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies as well as elastic X-ray scattering deliver detailed electronic and structural information on chemical dynamics in the solution phase. In this work, we describe the opportunities at the Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) instrument of European XFEL. Guided by the idea of combining spectroscopic and scattering techniques in one experiment, the FXE instrument has completed the initial commissioning phase for most of its components and performed first successful experiments within the baseline capabilities. This is demonstrated by its currently 115 fs (FWHM) temporal resolution to acquire ultrafast X-ray emission spectra by simultaneously recording iron Kα and Kβ lines, next to wide angle X-ray scattering patterns on a photoexcited aqueous solution of [Fe(bpy)3]2+, a transition metal model compound.

Direct time-resolved studies of photochemical reactions in liquids by X-ray scattering

2001 ◽  
Vol 94-95 ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Geis ◽  
M. Bouriau ◽  
A. Plech ◽  
F. Schotte ◽  
S. Techert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Continuous flow time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-546
Author(s):  
Guang Mo ◽  
Zhonghua Wu ◽  
Quan Cai ◽  
Zhihong Li ◽  
Xueqing Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Time ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Ray Scattering

Characterization of transient intermediates in lysozyme folding with time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering

1999 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Segel ◽  
Annett Bachmann ◽  
James Hofrichter ◽  
Keith O. Hodgson ◽  
Sebastian Doniach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transient Intermediates ◽  
Ray Scattering

Structural Analysis of Filler in Rubber Composite under Stretch with Time-Resolved Two-Dimensional Ultra-Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kishimoto ◽  
Yuya Shinohara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Amemiya ◽  
Katsuaki Inoue ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Ray Scattering

Abstract We investigated the hierarchical structure of silica, especially agglomerate structure, in stretched rubber by time-resolved two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (2D-USAXS). Time-resolved 2D-USAXS measurements give us the in-situ structural information up to 5 μm during sample deformation. The results are summarized as follows: at first, the agglomerate is turned so that the long axis of the agglomerate is parallel to the stretching direction, and the “weakly-bonded agglomerates” weakly bonding between agglomerates is broken down. Second, the distance between agglomerates increases with the small deformation of agglomerate. Finally, the “tightly-bonded agglomerates” strongly bonding between agglomerates start to deform. Existence of silane-coupling agents causes the differences in the manner of agglomerate deformation. These kinds of structural information will be a key to understanding the origin of rubber reinforcement by filler such as carbon black and silica.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Pt-nanoparticle networks studied by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vad ◽  
H.-G. Haubold ◽  
N. Waldöfner ◽  
H. Bönnemann
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Hard Spheres ◽  
Multicomponent System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Ray Scattering

Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) experiments with synchrotron radiation were performed to study the three-dimensional nanostructures of metal/organic hybrids formed by crosslinking aluminium-organic-stabilized platinum nanoparticles with various bifunctional organic spacer molecules. The advantage of ASAXS is the possibility of separating the particle scattering from that of the organic components, thus providing unbiased information about particle size distributions and interparticle correlation. In order to obtain the structural information from the scattering data, a model function based on Vrij's analytical solution for a multicomponent system of hard spheres is proposed. The model is applied to three different samples and the results are compared with those obtained from the application of Fourier methods (characteristic function) and X-ray absorption measurements.

Microtubule nucleation sequence studied by time-resolved x-ray scattering and electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Eckhard Mandelkow ◽  
Joan Bordas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Microtubule Growth ◽  
Ray Patterns ◽  
Ray Scattering

When a solution of microtubule protein is changed from non-polymerising to polymerising conditions (e.g. by temperature jump or mixing with GTP) there is a series of structural transitions preceding microtubule growth. These have been detected by time-resolved X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation, and they may be classified into pre-nucleation and nucleation events. X-ray patterns are good indicators for the average behavior of the particles in solution, but they are difficult to interpret unless additional information on their structure is available. We therefore studied the assembly process by electron microscopy under conditions approaching those of the X-ray experiment. There are two difficulties in the EM approach: One is that the particles important for assembly are usually small and not very regular and therefore tend to be overlooked. Secondly EM specimens require low concentrations which favor disassembly of the particles one wants to observe since there is a dynamic equilibrium between polymers and subunits.

Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Oscillating Microtubules

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Ron Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Entire Solution ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Ray Scattering

Microtubules form part of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. They are hollow libers of about 25 nm diameter made up of 13 protofilaments, each of which consists of a chain of heterodimers of α-and β-tubulin. Microtubules can be assembled in vitro at 37°C in the presence of GTP which is hydrolyzed during the reaction, and they are disassembled at 4°C. In contrast to most other polymers microtubules show the behavior of “dynamic instability”, i.e. they can switch between phases of growth and phases of shrinkage, even at an overall steady state [1]. In certain conditions an entire solution can be synchronized, leading to autonomous oscillations in the degree of assembly which can be observed by X-ray scattering (Fig. 1), light scattering, or electron microscopy [2-5]. In addition such solutions are capable of generating spontaneous spatial patterns [6].In an earlier study we have analyzed the structure of microtubules and their cold-induced disassembly by cryo-EM [7]. One result was that disassembly takes place by loss of protofilament fragments (tubulin oligomers) which fray apart at the microtubule ends. We also looked at microtubule oscillations by time-resolved X-ray scattering and proposed a reaction scheme [4] which involves a cyclic interconversion of tubulin, microtubules, and oligomers (Fig. 2). The present study was undertaken to answer two questions: (a) What is the nature of the oscillations as seen by time-resolved cryo-EM? (b) Do microtubules disassemble by fraying protofilament fragments during oscillations at 37°C?

In situ Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Reveals the Formation Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Siqi Meng ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

We have directly observed the <i>in situ</i> self-assembly kinetics of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles by synchrotron time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, equipped with a stopped-flow device that provides millisecond temporal resolution. This work has elucidated one general kinetic pathway for the process of PEC micelle formation, which provides useful physical insights for increasing our fundamental understanding of complexation and self-assembly dynamics driven by electrostatic interactions that occur on ultrafast timescales.

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