scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Tracking Method with the Self-Calibration Functions of Coaxiality and Magnification for Single Fluorescent Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Shuai Mao ◽  
Jin Shen ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jinfeng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fluorescent Nanoparticles ◽  
3D Tracking ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Position Detection ◽  
Vector Measurement ◽  
Detection Unit

A self-calibrating variable magnification three-dimensional (3D) tracking system for single fluorescent nanoparticles is proposed. The system was based on astigmatic micro-imaging and has a simple configuration incorporating a dual-spot position detection unit ray transfer matrix. By analyzing this matrix and utilizing the beam vector measurement of a dual-spot position detection unit, it was demonstrated that the proposed tracking system had the self-calibration functions of coaxiality and magnification; thus, it could accurately track the adopted fluorescent nanoparticles through zoom microscopical measurements in 3D. The available measurements of the proposed system and accuracy were experimentally validated.

scholarly journals Parallel, linear, and subnanometric 3D tracking of microparticles with Stereo Darkfield Interferometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. eabe3902
Author(s):  
Martin Rieu ◽  
Thibault Vieille ◽  
Gaël Radou ◽  
Raphaël Jeanneret ◽  
Nadia Ruiz-Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Particle Tracking ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Tracking ◽  
Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy ◽  
A New Technique

While crucial for force spectroscopists and microbiologists, three-dimensional (3D) particle tracking suffers from either poor precision, complex calibration, or the need of expensive hardware, preventing its massive adoption. We introduce a new technique, based on a simple piece of cardboard inserted in the objective focal plane, that enables simple 3D tracking of dilute microparticles while offering subnanometer frame-to-frame precision in all directions. Its linearity alleviates calibration procedures, while the interferometric pattern enhances precision. We illustrate its utility in single-molecule force spectroscopy and single-algae motility analysis. As with any technique based on back focal plane engineering, it may be directly embedded in a commercial objective, providing a means to convert any preexisting optical setup in a 3D tracking system. Thanks to its precision, its simplicity, and its versatility, we envision that the technique has the potential to enhance the spreading of high-precision and high-throughput 3D tracking.

scholarly journals A New System for Three-Dimensional Tracking of Motile Microorganisms

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2238-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Thar ◽  
Nicholas Blackburn ◽  
Michael Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
3D Tracking ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Resolution Limits ◽  
Dark Field Illumination ◽  
Swimming Microorganisms ◽  
New System

ABSTRACT A new three-dimensional (3D)-tracking system with optimized dark-field illumination is presented. It allows simultaneous 3D tracking of several free-swimming microorganisms with diameters of >10 μm. Resolution limits and illumination efficiencies for different size classes of microorganisms are treated analytically. First applications for 3D tracking of protists are demonstrated.

Investigation of the Three-Dimensional Flow in a T-Shaped Micromixer by Means of Scanning Stereoscopic Micro Particle Image Velocimetry (Stereo µPIV)

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Lindken ◽  
Jerry Westerweel
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
3D Measurement ◽  
Mixing Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional Flow ◽  
Measured Velocity ◽  
Micro Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
The Right

The flow in a T-shaped micromixer at Reynolds numbers larger than Re = 100 becomes three-dimensional and intensive mixing occurs. To investigate the laminar, stationary three-dimensional flow in the T-mixer a stereo-μ-PIV system for the simultaneous measurement of all three components of the velocity vector field in a measurement plane (2D-3C) in a closed microchannel has been developed. Due to the very small confinement, standard calibration procedure by means of a calibration target is not possible, and therefore stereo-μ-PIV measurements in closed microchannels require a calibration based on the self-calibration of the tracer particle images. In order to include the effects of different refractive indices (of the fluid in the microchannel, the entrance window and the surrounding air) a three-media-model is included in the triangulation procedure of the self-calibration. Measurements in the mixing zone of a T-shaped micromixer at Re = 120 show that three-dimensional flow in a microchannel with dimensions of 800 × 200 μm can be measured with a resolution of 44 × 44 × 15 μm. The stationary flow in the 200 μm deep channel has been scanned in 22 μm wide steps, providing in a full 3D measurement of the averaged velocity distribution in the mixing zone of the T-mixer. The detailed full 3D measurement of the flow in the mixing region shows that the two inflows merge and bend over 90° in the clockwise/counter clockwise direction. When merging, the two inflows interact. The distribution of the liquid originating from the two inflows can be explained with the three-dimensional motion in the mixing zone. The liquid coming from the left inflow is deflected upwards, while the liquid coming from the right inflow is deflected downwards. Further downstream the two streams role up, causing the inflow from the right to move upwards on the lift side of the channel and vice versa for the inflow from the left. The complex three-dimensional flow structure increases the surface area between the two inflows, which leads to an increase of diffusive mixing of the laminar flow. In the region, where the two streams merge, the largest measured velocity gradient in the z direction is ∂νinplane/∂z = 2 · 104 l/s.

Design galvanometer position detection unit based on single detector compound axis tracking system

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Shoufeng Tong ◽  
Yansong Song ◽  
Shuai Chang ◽  
Yinan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Position Detection ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
Detection Unit

Nanoscale Self-Assembly Using Ion and Electron Beam Techniques: A Rapid Review

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (64) ◽  
pp. 3507-3520
Author(s):  
Chunhui Dai ◽  
Kriti Agarwal ◽  
Jeong-Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
High Yield ◽  
3D Nanostructures ◽  
Self Assembled

AbstractNanoscale self-assembly, as a technique to transform two-dimensional (2D) planar patterns into three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale architectures, has achieved tremendous success in the past decade. However, an assembly process at nanoscale is easily affected by small unavoidable variations in sample conditions and reaction environment, resulting in a low yield. Recently, in-situ monitored self-assembly based on ion and electron irradiation has stood out as a promising candidate to overcome this limitation. The usage of ion and electron beam allows stress generation and real-time observation simultaneously, which significantly enhances the controllability of self-assembly. This enables the realization of various complex 3D nanostructures with a high yield. The additional dimension of the self-assembled 3D nanostructures opens the possibility to explore novel properties that cannot be demonstrated in 2D planar patterns. Here, we present a rapid review on the recent achievements and challenges in nanoscale self-assembly using electron and ion beam techniques, followed by a discussion of the novel optical properties achieved in the self-assembled 3D nanostructures.

Simulating Self-Regeneration and Self-Replication Processes Using Movable Cellular Automata with a Mutual Equilibrium Neighborhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-757
Author(s):  
Kateryna Hazdiuk ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr Zhikharevich ◽  
Serhiy Ostapov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
The Self ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Movable Cellular Automata ◽  
Self Replication

This paper deals with the issue of model construction of the self-regeneration and self-replication processes using movable cellular automata (MCAs). The rules of cellular automaton (CA) interactions are found according to the concept of equilibrium neighborhood. The method is implemented by establishing these rules between different types of cellular automata (CAs). Several models for two- and three-dimensional cases are described, which depict both stable and unstable structures. As a result, computer models imitating such natural phenomena as self-replication and self-regeneration are obtained and graphically presented.

scholarly journals Detecting the Mechanism behind the Transition from Fixed Two-Dimensional Patterned Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Dermal Papilla Cells to Three-Dimensional Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4715
Author(s):  
Guanning Wei ◽  
Hongmei Sun ◽  
Haijun Wei ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Yifeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Condition ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Aggregative Behavior ◽  
Cell Pattern

The hair follicle dermal papilla is critical for hair generation and de novo regeneration. When cultured in vitro, dermal papilla cells from different species demonstrate two distinguishable growth patterns under the conventional culture condition: a self-aggregative three dimensional spheroidal (3D) cell pattern and a two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell pattern, correlating with different hair inducing properties. Whether the loss of self-aggregative behavior relates to species-specific differences or the improper culture condition remains unclear. Can the fixed 2D patterned dermal papilla cells recover the self-aggregative behavior and 3D pattern also remains undetected. Here, we successfully constructed the two growth patterns using sika deer (Cervus nippon) dermal papilla cells and proved it was the culture condition that determined the dermal papilla growth pattern. The two growth patterns could transit mutually as the culture condition was exchanged. The fixed 2D patterned sika deer dermal papilla cells could recover the self-aggregative behavior and transit back to 3D pattern, accompanied by the restoration of hair inducing capability when the culture condition was changed. In addition, the global gene expressions during the transition from 2D pattern to 3D pattern were compared to detect the potential regulating genes and pathways involved in the recovery of 3D pattern and hair inducing capability.

scholarly journals Towards Tracking of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes Using an Integrated Magnetometer

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2670
Author(s):  
Thomas Quirin ◽  
Corentin Féry ◽  
Dorian Vogel ◽  
Céline Vergne ◽  
Mathieu Sarracanie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Magnetic Tracking ◽  
Magnetic Camera ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Deep Brain

This paper presents a tracking system using magnetometers, possibly integrable in a deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode. DBS is a treatment for movement disorders where the position of the implant is of prime importance. Positioning challenges during the surgery could be addressed thanks to a magnetic tracking. The system proposed in this paper, complementary to existing procedures, has been designed to bridge preoperative clinical imaging with DBS surgery, allowing the surgeon to increase his/her control on the implantation trajectory. Here the magnetic source required for tracking consists of three coils, and is experimentally mapped. This mapping has been performed with an in-house three-dimensional magnetic camera. The system demonstrates how magnetometers integrated directly at the tip of a DBS electrode, might improve treatment by monitoring the position during and after the surgery. The three-dimensional operation without line of sight has been demonstrated using a reference obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a simplified brain model. We observed experimentally a mean absolute error of 1.35 mm and an Euclidean error of 3.07 mm. Several areas of improvement to target errors below 1 mm are also discussed.

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