scholarly journals Dendropanax morbifera Leaf Extracts Improved Alcohol Liver Injury in Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Taekil Eom ◽  
Gwangpyo Ko ◽  
Kyeoung Cheol Kim ◽  
Ju-Sung Kim ◽  
Tatsuya Unno
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Liver Protection ◽  
Dendropanax Morbifera ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

This study evaluated the protective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaf (DML) extracts in the liver due to excessive ethanol consumption. Our results showed that the ethanol extract had better antioxidant activity than the water extract, likely due to the higher levels of total flavonoid and phenolic compounds in the former. We found that the main phenolic acid was chlorogenic acid and the major flavonoid was rutin. Results from the animal model experiment showed concentration-dependent liver protection with the distilled water extract showing better liver protection than the ethanol extract. Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by alcohol consumption was significantly shifted by DML extracts through increasing mainly Bacteroides and Allobaculum. Moreover, predicted metabolic activities of biosynthesis of beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleate and palmitoleate were enhanced. Our results suggest that these hepatoprotective effects are likely due to the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and partially promoted by intestinal microbiota shifts.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLEUS AMBOINICUS LEAF EXTRACTS AS AN ANALGETIC ACTIVITY ON MICE EXPOSURED TO ACETIC ACID

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunita Sari Pane ◽  
Sufitni Sufitni ◽  
Fitriani Lumongga ◽  
Nurfida Alrasyid ◽  
Dini Permata Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Leukocyte Migration ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Coleus Amboinicus ◽  
All Treatment

Objective: This study aims to observe the analgesic activity of Bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus) leaves by induction of pain arising from chemical excitement after exposure to acetic acid.Methods: The effectiveness test of water extract and ethanol extract of Bangun-bangun leaves as an analgesic was measured by comparing the mean of quantitative and the writhing between control and treatment group. In addition, observations on the decrease in inflammatory processes occurred by calculating the reduction in the number of leukocyte migration to the inflammatory area.Result: The decrease of excitatory pain in all treatment Groups (I-IV) were significantly different. The comparison of mean values ± SEM decreased excitatory pain Groups I-II (255.00±22.22; 88.33±14.58), p=0.000. Groups I-III (255.00±22.22; 60.00±10.04), p=0.000 and Groups I-IV (255.00±22.22; 50.83±3.09), p=0.000. On histopathology examination, all treatment groups were significantly different (p=0.006). The comparison of mean value ± SEM decrease number of leukocyte Groups I-II (31.73±5.22; 14.70±3.71), p=0.025. Groups I-III (31.73±5.22; 15.67±3.22), p=0.036 and Groups I-IV (31.73±5.22; 11.77±2.77), p=0.008. However, the comparison of decrease of excitatory of pain and number of leukocyte migration between each group did not show significantly different (p>0.05).Conclusions: This study concluded that the Bangun-bangun leaves both in the form of water extract and ethanol extract proved efficacious as a pain reliever in the mice after induction of acetic acid.

scholarly journals Qing-Re-Xiao-Zheng Formula Modulates Gut Microbiota and Inhibits Inflammation in Mice With Diabetic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Gao ◽  
Ruibing Yang ◽  
Lan Guo ◽  
Yaoxian Wang ◽  
Wei Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Evidence indicates that the metabolic inflammation induced by gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to diabetic kidney disease. Prebiotic supplementations to prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis, inhibit inflammatory responses, and protect the renal function in DKD. Qing-Re-Xiao-Zheng formula (QRXZF) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that has been used for DKD treatment in China. Recently, there are growing studies show that regulation of gut microbiota is a potential therapeutic strategy for DKD as it is able to reduce metabolic inflammation associated with DKD. However, it is unknown whether QRXZF is effective for DKD by regulating of gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the reno-protective effect of QRXZF by exploring its potential mechanism between gut microbiota and downstream inflammatory pathways mediated by gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the kidney. High-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin injection-induced DKD mice model was established to assess the QRXZF effect in vivo. Mice treated with QRXZF for 8 weeks had significantly lower levels of urinary albumin, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. The renal injuries observed through histological analysis were attenuated as well. Also, mice in the QRXZF group had higher levels of Zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) expression, lower levels of serum fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and less-damaged colonic mucosa as compared to the DKD group, implying the benefit role for the gut barrier integrity. QRXZF treatment also reversed gut dysbiosis and reduced levels of gut-derived LPS. Notably, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which are important inflammation pathways in DKD, were suppressed in the QRXZF groups. In conclusion, our results indicated that the reno-protective effects of QRXZF was probably associated with modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory responses in the kidney.

scholarly journals F. prausnitzii and its supernatant increase SCFAs-producing bacteria to restore gut dysbiosis in TNBS-induced colitis

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlian Zhou ◽  
Haoming Xu ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Xue Guo ◽  
Hailan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have shown that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is a promising anti-inflammatory bacterium that colonizes in the gut and that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we report the gut microbiota profile of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice treated with F. prausnitzii and its supernatant on the basis of high-throughput sequencing. We interestingly found that both F. prausnitzii and its metabolites exerted protective effects against colitis in mice, which ameliorated gut dysbiosis, with an increase in bacterial diversity and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and a decrease in serum TNF-α and the abundance of Proteinbacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. These findings will provide further evidence of the anti-inflammatory effect of F. prausnitzii, which presents therapeutic potential for IBD treatment.

Gut microbiota-dependent catabolites of tryptophan play a predominant role in the protective effects of Turmeric polysaccharides against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Yang ◽  
Yao Du ◽  
Daoyuan Ren ◽  
Xingbin Yang ◽  
Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Gut barrier dysfunction is triggered by gut microbiota dysbiosis that is closely associated with ulcerative colitis. Here, we first studied the prophylactic capacity of turmeric polysaccharides (TPS) to ameliorate dextran...

scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Piper guineense, Cassia alata, Tagetes erecta and Ocimum graticimum

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Amadioha ◽  
Kenkwo Promise Chidi
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms

Phytochemicals are biologically active naturally occurring chemicals produced by plants to help them thrive or thwart competitors or pathogenic organisms. The phytochemical experiment revealed varying degrees of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin and phenol as naturally occurring bioactive chemicals of water and ethanol leaf extracts of Piper guineense, Cassia alata, Tagetes erecta and Ocimum graticimum. T. erecta had the highest flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin and tanin content of 3.17%, 5.43%, 3.50% and 5.15% respectively in ethanol extract and this was significant (P≤ 0.05), and followed by C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense. The highest phenol content of 3.50% was recorded in water extract of C. alata followed by water extract of T. erecta, O. graticimum, and ethanol extract of P. guineense. The exploitation of antimicrobial potentials of these phytochemicals in the control of plant diseases incited by pathogenic organisms is recommended.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ellagic Acid Against Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Arshad Mehmood ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed Soliman ◽  
Asra Iftikhar ◽  
Maryam Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Ellagic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound commonly present in vegetables, fruits, nuts, and other edible plants, exerts many pharmacological activities. The present project was designed to explore the hepatoprotective effect of ellagic acid against alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) and the correlation among alcohol, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Fifty percent (v/v) alcohol (10 mL/kg bw daily) was orally administrated for 4 weeks in mice along with ellagic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg bw). Alcohol administration significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and serum aspartate aminotransferase, levels of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, free fatty acid, and total cholesterol, and decreased contents of the high-density lipoprotein in model group compared with the control group, which were further improved by ellagic acid (50 or 100 mg/kg bw). Furthermore, daily supplementation of ellagic acid alleviated hepatic antioxidant activities (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione), proinflammatory cytokines levels (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), genes expressions (Tlr4, Myd88, Cd14, Cox2, Nos2, and Nfκb1), and histopathological features in alcohol-induced liver injured mice. Additionally, results also revealed that ellagic acid supplementation improved alcohol-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, ellagic acid mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, steatosis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in ALD mice. Our results suggested that ellagic acid could be applied as an ideal dietary therapy against ALD.

Antiproliferative activity of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) leaf extracts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Puspita ◽  
Maria Bintang ◽  
Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Lc50 Value

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) belongs to the Sapindaceae family. We examined the antiproliferative activity of longan leaf extracts against cancer-derived cell lines in vitro. The tested samples were water extract, ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of longan leaf. Cytotoxicity test is against brine shrimps that were screened using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Antiproliferative activity assay on WEHI-164 cells (mouse fibrosarcoma cancer cell), THP-1 cells (human peripheral blood acute monocyte cell), and Vero cells (non-cancer or normal cell) that was conducted using a hemocytometer with Trypan Blue Dye exclusion. The 50% lethality concentration (LC50) value of water extract, ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 854.64, 305.81, 446.55, 1313.44, and 1621.8 μg/ml. Ethanol extract exhibited significant cytotoxic due to the lowest LC50 value. The ethanol extract was then used for further examination. The highest antiproliferative activity was achieved 44.93% by 600 μg/ml ethanol extract on WEHI-164 and 57.45% by 500 μg/ml ethanol extract on THP-1. It was significantly equal to doxorubicin antiproliferative activity. Ethanol extract dose had a low effect on Vero cells. This present study confirmed that the longan leaf ethanol extract possesses marked antiproliferative activity on cancer-derived cell lines.

scholarly journals Determination of the Cytotoxic Effect of Different Leaf Extracts from Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anesu Kundishora ◽  
Simbarashe Sithole ◽  
Stanley Mukanganyama
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Parinari Curatellifolia

Despite plants being a rich source of useful chemical compounds with different pharmacological properties, some of these compounds may be toxic to humans. Parinari curatellifolia, among its other important pharmacological activities, has been shown to have significant antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines. Toxicity studies are required to determine the safety profile of P. curatellifolia in the consideration of its potential pharmaceutical benefits as a source of lead compounds in cancer therapy. The effects of P. curatellifolia on both the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane and on normal cells were determined. The dried leaf powder of P. curatellifolia was used in serial exhaustive extraction procedures using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water as solvents in addition to extraction using DCM: methanol in equal ratio. Alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were isolated from the ethanol extract. The leaf extracts were tested for haemolytic activity on sheep erythrocytes at concentrations of 0.625 to 5 mg/ml. The extracts were also tested for toxicity activity on normal mammalian cells such as the BALB/c mice peritoneal cells using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) at the concentrations of 6.3 to 50 μg/ml. In the haemolysis assays, none of the plant extracts had a significant haemolytic activity with the saponin-enriched extract having the maximum haemolytic activity of 12.2% for a concentration of 5 mg/ml. In the MTT cell viability assay, none of the 11 plant extracts had significant cytotoxicity. The water extract, however, had significant ( p < 0.01 ) proliferative activity towards the murine immune cells at all concentrations. P. curatellifolia leaf extracts were, therefore, not toxic to both erythrocytes and immune cells, and the water extract may have immunostimulatory effects. It is concluded that P. curatellifolia leaf extracts are not toxic in vitro and, therefore, our results support the use of the plant for ethnomedicinal use.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Comparison of the Water and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of the Cree medicinal plant, Sarracenia purpurea L. (Sarraceniaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cieniak ◽  
Brendan Walshe-Roussel ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Asim Muhammad ◽  
Ammar Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Phenolic Substances

Purpose: The Cree of Eeyou Istchee in Northern Quebec identified Sarracenia purpurea L. as an important plant for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Traditionally the plant is used as a decoction (boiling water extract) of the leaf, however, in order to study the extract in a laboratory setting, an 80% ethanol extract was used. In this study, the phytochemistry of both extracts of the leaves was compared and quantified. Methods: Two S. purpurea leaf extracts were prepared, one a traditional hot water extract and the other an 80% ethanol extract. Using UPLC-ESI-MS, the extracts were phytochemically compared for 2 triterpenes, betulinic acid and ursolic acid, using one gradient method and for 10 additional substances, including the actives quercetin-3-O-galactoside and morroniside, using a different method. Results: The concentrations of the nine phenolic substances present, as well as an active principle, the iridoid glycoside morroniside, were very similar between the two extracts, with generally slightly higher concentrations of phenolics in the ethanol extract as expected. However, two triterpenes, betulinic acid and ursolic acid, were 107 and 93 times more concentrated, respectively, in the ethanol extract compared to the water extract. Conclusion: The main phytochemical markers and most importantly the antidiabetic active principles, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and morroniside, were present in similar amounts in the two extracts, which predicts similar bioactivity.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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