scholarly journals Importance of the Use of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Inflammatory Profile in Aqueous and Vitreous Humor in Diabetic Retinopathy

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karen López-Contreras ◽  
María Guadalupe Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Cecilia Olvera-Montaño ◽  
Ricardo Raúl Robles-Rivera ◽  
Diana Esperanza Arévalo-Simental ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cyt C ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and morbidity worldwide, being the number one cause of blindness in people between 27 and 75 years old. It is estimated that ~191 million people will be diagnosed with this microvascular complication by 2030. Its pathogenesis is due to alterations in the retinal microvasculature as a result of a high concentration of glucose in the blood for a long time which generates numerous molecular changes like oxidative stress. Therefore, this narrative review aims to approach various biomarkers associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Focusing on the molecules showing promise as detection tools, among them we consider markers of oxidative stress (TAC, LPO, MDA, 4-HNE, SOD, GPx, and catalase), inflammation (IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and MMPs), apoptosis (NF-kB, cyt-c, and caspases), and recently those that have to do with epigenetic modifications, their measurement in different biological matrices obtained from the eye, including importance, obtaining process, handling, and storage of these matrices in order to have the ability to detect the disease in its early stages.

Determination of Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Cognitive Impairment Induced by Methylmalonic Acidemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Qiliang Li ◽  
Hong Jin ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yu Rong ◽  
Tana Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is the most common organic acidemia in children. Many patients with MMA suffered from cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to identify the significance of cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in MMA-induced cognitive impairment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We enrolled 64 children with combined MMA and homocystinuria and 64 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Participants were subsequently classified as with or without cognitive impairments using a uniform neuropsychological assessment test. Serum samples were collected. The serum levels of cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured using the ELISA or chemical methods. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared to control group, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) in the MMA patients increased markedly (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05); glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased obviously (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and MDA in the serum were negatively associated with DQ or IQ scores. The levels of GSH and SOD in the serum were positively correlated with DQ or IQ scores. After receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, NO was the most useful individual marker for distinguishing the cognitive dysfunction, corresponding to the area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74–0.91), sensitivity of 76.60%, and specificity of 80.25%. GSH and MDA were also useful for diagnosis of MMA-induced cognitive dysfunction, corresponding to the AUC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70–0.89), and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.63–0.82), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of GSH were 72.34 and 80.25%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MDA were 85.11 and 51.85%, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The high-concentration methylmalonic acid in the blood induced immune cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. These cytokines and high-concentration methylmalonic acid stimulated the immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The serum methylmalonic acid, cytokines, ROS, and RNS were across the blood-brain barrier and induced cognitive impairment. The small molecule substances such as serum NO, MDA, and GSH participated in the process of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress injury induced by MMA and could be useful for distinguishing the cognitive impairment.

Anti-inflammatory effects of short-term pioglitazone therapy in men with advanced diabetic nephropathy

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. F600-F605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Open Label ◽  
End Point ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wbc Count

Patients with diabetic nephropathy have a high rate of cardiovascular events and mortality. Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to be particularly important in mediating these events. Studies suggest that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can reduce the level of nontraditional cardiovascular risk in people with or without diabetes mellitus. Whether this benefit occurs in patients with diabetic nephropathy is unknown. I hypothesized that the TZD pioglitazone will mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation compared with glipizide in patients with overt diabetic nephropathy. Markers of oxidative stress (plasma and urine albumin carbonyl and total protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde), inflammation [white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma IL-6, TNF-α], and plaque stability [matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)] were measured in frozen samples obtained from patients with overt diabetic nephropathy participating in a randomized, open-label, blinded end-point, 16-wk trial with glipizide ( n = 22) or pioglitazone ( n = 22). Pioglitazone therapy in men with advanced diabetic nephropathy reduced WBC count by 1,125/μl ( P < 0.001), CRP by 41% ( P = 0.042), IL-6 by 38% ( P = 0.009), and MMP-9 by 29% ( P = 0.016). Specific differential reductions in WBC count of 1,251/μl ( P = 0.009) and reduction in IL-6 of 58% with pioglitazone ( P = 0.001) were seen compared with glipizide. There were no statistically significant changes observed with plasma TNF-α concentrations or markers of oxidative stress with either hypoglycemic agent. In conclusion, pioglitazone reduces proinflammatory markers in patients with overt diabetic nephropathy, which indicates potentially beneficial effects on overall cardiovascular risk. This surrogate end point needs to be confirmed in trials designed to demonstrate cardiovascular protection.

Effect of Resistance Training Systems on Oxidative Stress in Older Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. Ribeiro ◽  
Rafael Deminice ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽  
Camila S. Padilha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Radical Trapping ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two different resistance training (RT) systems on oxidative stress biomarkers in older women. Fifty-nine older women (67.9 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Two training groups performed an 8 week RT program either in traditional (TD, n = 20) or a pyramid (PR, n = 20) system 3 times per week, or a control group (CG, n = 19). The TD program consisted of 3 sets of 8–12 RM with constant load for the 3 sets, whereas the PR training consisted of 3 sets of 12/10/8 RM with incremental loads for each set. As compared with the CG, both TD and PR achieved upregulation of the antioxidant system as evidenced by higher (p < .05) values of total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter plasma concentration after intervention (TD= 930.4 ± 160.0 µmolTrolox, PR= 977.8 ± 145.2 µmolTrolox, CG= 794.4 ± 130.2 µmolTrolox). For the protein oxidation adducts, TD and PR presented lower (p < .05) scores compared with CG (TD= 91.2 ± 25.0 µmol/L, PR= 93.0 ± 30.3 µmol/L, CG= 111.0 ± 20.4 µmol/L). However, there were no differences (p < .05) between trained groups in the antioxidant capacity markers and in the protein oxidation adducts markers. The results suggest that 8 weeks of progressive RT promotes an improvement in markers of oxidative stress in older women independent of the load-management RT system.

scholarly journals Eicosanoids and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mong-Heng Wang ◽  
George Hsiao ◽  
Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Damage ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Ras Activation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress is an important factor to cause the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) because the retina has high vascularization and long-time light exposition. Cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can convert arachidonic acid (AA) into eicosanoids, which are important lipid mediators to regulate DR development. COX-derived metabolites appear to be significant factors causative to oxidative stress and retinal microvascular dysfunction. Several elegant studies have unraveled the importance of LOX-derived eicosanoids, including LTs and HETEs, to oxidative stress and retinal microvascular dysfunction. The role of CYP eicosanoids in DR is yet to be explored. There is clear evidence that CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have detrimental effects on the retina. Our recent study showed that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation augments retinal soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a crucial enzyme degrading EETs. Our findings suggest that EETs blockade can enhance the ability of RAS blockade to prevent or mitigate microvascular damage in DR. This review will focus on the critical information related the function of these eicosanoids in the retina, the interaction between eicosanoids and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the involvement of eicosanoids in DR. We also identify potential targets for the treatment of DR.

scholarly journals Human placental extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via regulating antioxidative and anti-inflammatory responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdooh Ghoneum ◽  
Mohamed S. A. El-Gerbed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Liver Tissues

Abstract Purpose Methotrexate (MTX) induces hepatotoxicity, limiting its clinical efficacy as a widely known chemotherapy drug. In the current study, we examined the protective effect of human placenta extract (HPE) against MTX-induced liver damage in rats, as well as its ability to regulate antioxidative and anti-inflammatory liver responses. Methods Male rats were orally administered MTX at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg-body-weight in the presence or absence of HPE (10.08 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. We measured the biological effects of MTX and HPE on the levels of liver enzymes, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)]. In addition, histological examination and histopathological scoring of liver tissues were performed. Results MTX-treated rats showed significantly increased (p < 0.001) liver enzyme levels for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. However, HPE supplementation in MTX-treated rats significantly decreased (p < 0.001) these elevated levels. HPE supplementation also significantly reduced the oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA), reversed the reduction in glutathione (GSH), and markedly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the livers of MTX-treated rats. Furthermore, HPE supplementation significantly decreased the MTX-elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Histopathological examinations showed that MTX produced severe cellular damage and inflammatory lesions in liver tissues, while treatment with HPE improved hepatic histologic architecture. Conclusion HPE has the ability to ameliorate methotrexate-induced liver injury in rats by mechanisms that include boosting antioxidative responses and down-regulating MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

scholarly journals Markers of Oxidative Stress in the Exhaled Breath Condensate of Workers Handling Nanocomposites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Pelclova ◽  
Vladimir Zdimal ◽  
Jaroslav Schwarz ◽  
Stepanka Dvorackova ◽  
Martin Komarc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Median Particle ◽  
Breath Condensate ◽  
Post Shift

Researchers in nanocomposite processing may inhale a variety of chemical agents, including nanoparticles. This study investigated airway oxidative stress status in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Nineteen employees (42.4 ± 11.4 y/o), working in nanocomposites research for 18.0 ± 10.3 years were examined pre-shift and post-shift on a random workday, together with nineteen controls (45.5 ± 11.7 y/o). Panels of oxidative stress biomarkers derived from lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins were analyzed in the EBC. Aerosol exposures were monitored during three major nanoparticle generation operations: smelting and welding (workshop 1) and nanocomposite machining (workshop 2) using a suite of real-time and integrated instruments. Mass concentrations during these operations were 0.120, 1.840, and 0.804 mg/m3, respectively. Median particle number concentrations were 4.8 × 104, 1.3 × 105, and 5.4 × 105 particles/cm3, respectively. Nanoparticles accounted for 95, 40, and 61%, respectively, with prevailing Fe and Mn. All markers of nucleic acid and protein oxidation, malondialdehyde, and aldehydes C6–C13 were elevated, already in the pre-shift samples relative to controls in both workshops. Significant post-shift elevations were documented in lipid oxidation markers. Significant associations were found between working in nanocomposite synthesis and EBC biomarkers. More research is needed to understand the contribution of nanoparticles from nanocomposite processing in inducing oxidative stress, relative to other co-exposures generated during welding, smelting, and secondary oxidation processes, in these workshops.

Spinal and general anesthesia produces differential effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in orthopedic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Aremu ◽  
Abayomi M. Ajayi ◽  
Benneth Ben-Azu ◽  
Olayinka T. Orewole ◽  
Solomon Umukoro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α

AbstractObjectivesThe contribution of anesthetic procedure to surgical stress and postoperative complications has been attributed to increased oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in patients with general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) that underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in orthopedic surgery at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria were investigated.MethodsForty patients were randomly distributed into two groups (n = 20) namely GA and SA. Blood samples were collected before and after surgery for estimation of glucose, oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione, catalase and nitrile) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6) levels.ResultsThe post-operative blood glucose level was higher than the pre-operative value (p<0.5) in the two groups. There were significant (p<0.05) changes in MDA concentration and catalase activity in patients with GA in the post-operative stage relative to preoperative phase. There were no significant differences in glutathione, nitrite and interleukin-6 contents between the two groups. The patients with SA had higher levels of TNF-α in the post-operative stage.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that anesthesia has differential effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in patients with ORIF orthopedic surgery.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Injury After Cannabis and Ketamine Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Omar M. E. Abdel-Salam ◽  
Eman R. Youness ◽  
Amany Ameen Sleem ◽  
Enayat A. Omara
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Factor Α

Cannabis sativa and ketamine are common substances of abuse causing psychotic events and neurodegeneration. In this study, the effect of pretreatment with Cannabis sativa extract on oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators and brain damage induced by ketamine was investigated. Rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of cannabis extract (10, 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg; expressed as Δ9-THC content) daily for three weeks and then in combination with ketamine (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for another 5 days. Rats were tested for biochemical markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA) reduced glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in brain. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in brain were also determined at the end of treatment period. Results indicated that compared with the saline control group, ketamine induced significant elevation in brain MDA and NO, which was accompanied by depletion of GSH and inhibition of PON-1 activity. Ketamine also significantly increased brain IL-1β and TNF-α and induced neuronal necrosis, apoptosis and vacuolation. Cannabis sativa (20-40 mg/kg) pretreated rats showed lower levels of oxidative stress and inflammation and doses of 30 or 40 mg/kg slightly reduced neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. These findings suggest that cannabis constituents do not enhance the neurotoxic effects of ketamine and might partly counteract the effects of ketamine-induced NMDA antagonism by reducing the release of free radicals and inflammatory mediators in brain

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document