scholarly journals Interaction of Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Brain–Liver–Gut Axis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal Singh ◽  
Yu Fung Yau ◽  
Kin Sum Leung ◽  
Hani El-Nezami ◽  
Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset as well as the progression of inflammation. Without proper intervention, acute inflammation could progress to chronic inflammation, resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. Antioxidants, such as polyphenols, have been known to possess anti-oxidative properties which promote redox homeostasis. This has encouraged research on polyphenols as potential therapeutics for inflammation through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways. In this review, the ability of polyphenols to modulate the activation of major pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress, and their potential to regulate the activity of immune cells are examined. In addition, in this review, special emphasis has been placed on the effects of polyphenols on inflammation in the brain–liver–gut axis. The data derived from in vitro cell studies, animal models and human intervention studies are discussed.

scholarly journals The Ethanol Fraction of White Rose Petal Extract Abrogates Excitotoxicity-Induced Neuronal Damage In Vivo and In Vitro through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Proinflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Min Yon ◽  
Yun-Bae Kim ◽  
Dongsun Park
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
White Rose ◽  
The Brain

Since oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in seizure-related neurotoxicity, the neuroprotective effect of a white rose (Rosa hybrida) petal extract (WRPE) in mice that are challenged with kainic acid (KA) were examined using behavioral epileptiform seizures as well as biochemical and morphological parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation. WRPE (50–200 mg/kg) was orally administered to male ICR mice for 15 days, and intraperitoneally challenged with KA (30 mg/kg). Seizure activity, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, and related enzymes were analyzed in the brain tissue, in addition to the morphological alterations in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Separately, antioxidant ingredients in WRPE were analyzed, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities of WRPE were investigated in HB1.F3 human neural stem cells (NSCs) to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in WRPE were 303.3 ± 15.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 18.5 ± 2.2 mg catechin/g extract, respectively. WRPE exhibited strong radical-scavenging activities and inhibited lipid peroxidation in vitro, and protected glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in NSCs by suppressing inflammatory process. Treatment with WRPE attenuated epileptiform seizure scores to a half level in KA-challenged mice, and decreased hippocampal pyramidal neuronal injury and loss (cresyl violet and DAPI staining) as well as astrocyte activation (GFAP immunostaining). Lipid peroxidation was inhibited, and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, PHGPx, SOD1, and SOD2) were recovered in the brain tissues. Inflammatory parameters (cytokines and enzymes) including NF-kB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, TGF-β, iNOS, COX2, and GFAP mRNAs and proteins were also down-regulated by WRPE treatment. Taken together, the results indicate that WRPE could attenuate KA-induced brain injury through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Dehydroepiandrosterone Protects Endothelial Cells against Inflammatory Events Induced by Urban Particulate Matter and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Huerta-García ◽  
Angélica Montiél-Dávalos ◽  
Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno ◽  
Gisela Gutiérrez-Iglesias ◽  
Rebeca López-Marure
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Griess Reagent ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Particulate matter (PM) and nanoparticles (NPs) induce activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells characterized by inhibition of proliferation, increase of adhesion and adhesion molecules expression, increase of ROS production, and death. DHEA has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in HUVEC activated with proinflammatory agents. We evaluated if DHEA could protect against some inflammatory events produced by PM10and TiO2NPs in HUVEC. Adhesion was evaluated by a coculture with U937 cells, proliferation by crystal violet staining, and oxidative stress through DCFDA and Griess reagent. PM10and TiO2NPs induced adhesion and oxidative stress and inhibited proliferation of HUVEC; however, when particles were added in combination with DHEA, the effects previously observed were abolished independently from the tested concentrations and the time of addition of DHEA to the cultures. These results indicate that DHEA exerts significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on the damage induced by particles in HUVEC, suggesting that DHEA could be useful to counteract the harmful effects and inflammatory diseases induced by PM and NPs.

scholarly journals Gliquidone improves retinal injury to relieve diabetic retinopathy via regulation of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdan Yu ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Shasha Sun ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Retinal Injury ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and potentially devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main features of DR are inflammation and oxidative damage. Gliquidone (GLI) is confirmed to be a hypoglycemic drug by oral administration. The current study is aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of GLI on the pathogenesis of DR. Methods High glucose (HG)-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of GLI on DR in vitro. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM rats were used to investigate the effects of GLI on retinal structures, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The levels of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway-related proteins were determined by western blotting. Results GLI treatment promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of HG-induced HRECs. Meanwhile, the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha and reactive oxygen species were suppressed, while both catalase and superoxide dismutase were elevated after GLI treatment in HG-induced HRECs. Furthermore, we found that Silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) silencing reversed the inhibiting effects of GLI on the levels of protein Notch1 and effector genes Hes1 and Hey2. Similar anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of GLI in STZ-induced DM rats were observed. Additionally, GLI administration also repressed vascular hyperpermeability in vivo. Conclusion GLI may be an effective agent to improve DR through repression of inflammation and oxidative stress via SIRT1/Notch1 pathway.

scholarly journals Berries and oxidative stress markers: an overview of human intervention studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2890-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Del Bo’ ◽  
Daniela Martini ◽  
Marisa Porrini ◽  
Dorothy Klimis-Zacas ◽  
Patrizia Riso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Severalin vitroandin vivostudies have demonstrated that polyphenol-rich berries may counteract oxidative stress. In this review, we summarized the main finding from human intervention trials on the role of berries in the modulation of markers of oxidative lipid, protein and DNA damage.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ginger Extract against Glycation and Oxidative Stress-Induced Health Complications: An In Vitro Study

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehwaz Anwar ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Rejo Jacob Joseph ◽  
Amjad Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Protein glycation and oxidative stress lead to severe health complications in various diseases including diabetes mellitus. The intake of flavonoid-rich foods has been confirmed previously to have a positive effect on human health. Ginger is an important source of flavonoids and is one of the most widely used traditional medicines in many Asian countries. The aim of this study was to verify the therapeutic potential of methanolic extract from ginger against glycation and other oxidative stress-induced complications using in vitro study. In this study, quantitative estimations of antioxidant components such as total phenolic and flavonoids were determined by UV–visible spectrophotometry. The anti-inflammatory action of the ginger extract was checked by determining its protective action against the denaturation of proteins, anti-proteinase activity and its membrane stabilization effect. The anti-inflammatory action of ginger extract was found to be comparable with reference standard drugs. The antiglycating effect of ginger extract was investigated by placing bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glucose in the presence and absence of ginger extract for two weeks at 37 °C. The incubated samples were analyzed for the number of glycation products, secondary structural changes, aggregation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation by checking browning intensity, determination of aggregation index and Congo red assays. Our findings demonstrated that ginger extract (600 µg/mL) significantly reduced the browning, secondary structural changes, aggregation and AGEs formation. Thus, it can be concluded from these results that ginger extract is a wealthy source of antioxidants and can be used to prevent the glycation and oxidative stress-induced damage of biomolecules in various health complications including inflammation.

scholarly journals Myoinositol Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Human Endothelial Cells Exposed In Vivo to Chronic Hyperglycemia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2210
Author(s):  
Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre ◽  
Pamela Di Tomo ◽  
Giorgia Centorame ◽  
Assunta Pandolfi ◽  
Natalia Di Pietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Myo-inositol (Myo) improves insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and helps gestational diabetes (GDM) management. GDM is associated with a pro-inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress, which are both involved in vascular damage in diabetes. Our aim was to study Myo anti-inflammatory/antioxidant potential effects on an in vitro model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To this end, monocyte cell adhesion to HUVECs, adhesion molecule membrane exposure, and oxidative stress levels were determined in cells from control (C-) and GDM women treated during pregnancy either with diet only (GD-) or with diet plus Myo (GD+Myo). To deeply study the vascular effects of Myo, the same evaluations were performed in C- and GD-HUVECs following 48 h in vitro stimulation with Myo. Notably, we first observed that GD-HUVECs obtained from women assuming Myo supplementation exhibited a significantly decreased number of monocytes that adhered to endothelial cells, less adhesion molecule exposure, and lower intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the basal state as compared to GD-HUVECs obtained from women treated by diet only. This Myo anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effect was confirmed by 48 h in vitro stimulation of GD-HUVECs as compared to controls. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that Myo may exert protective actions against chronic inflammation induced by endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of β-Sitosterol from Justicia gendarussa burm. F.-An Anti-Inflammatory Compound

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Phatangare ◽  
K. K. Deshmukh ◽  
V. D. Murade ◽  
P. H. Naikwadi ◽  
D. P. Hase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. has become important source of β-sitosterol which is associated with other phenolic,terpenoids,alkaloids and steroids. Plant sterols show anti-inflammatory activity. β-sitosterol is one of phytosterol, in a mouse model of acute inflammation, and β-sitosterol effect on leukocyte recruitment, cytokines levels, and oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory activities of β-sitosterol were assessed by measuring paw edema induced by different inflammatory agents. It separated from Justicia gendarussa burm.f. and characterization of β-sitosterol carried out by IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. β-sitosterol shows potent as Anti-inflammatory activity by releasing histamine (30.07%), serotin and bradykinin (52.25%), and prostaglandin (69.43%) as compared to standard (Dicolfenac 5mg/kg). Objectives:To isolate, separate and characterization of β-sitosterol and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of β-sitosterol extracted from Chloroform extract of Justicia Gendarussa Burm.f.

The antioxidant Rutin counteracts the pathological impact of α-synuclein on the enteric nervous system in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Christmann ◽  
Manuela Gries ◽  
Patrik Scholz ◽  
Pascal L. Stahr ◽  
Jessica Ka Yan Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Motoric disturbances in Parkinson’s disease (PD) derive from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Intestinal dysfunctions often appear long before manifestation of neuronal symptoms, suggesting a strong correlation between gut and brain in PD. Oxidative stress is a key player in neurodegeneration causing neuronal cell death. Using natural antioxidative flavonoids like Rutin, might provide intervening strategies to improve PD pathogenesis. To explore the potential effects of micro (mRutin) compared to nano Rutin (nRutin) upon the brain and the gut during PD, its neuroprotective effects were assessed using an in vitro PD model. Our results demonstrated that Rutin inhibited the neurotoxicity induced by A53T α-synuclein (Syn) administration by decreasing oxidized lipids and increasing cell viability in both, mesencephalic and enteric cells. For enteric cells, neurite outgrowth, number of synaptic vesicles, and tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells were significantly reduced when treated with Syn. This could be reversed by the addition of Rutin. nRutin revealed a more pronounced result in all experiments. In conclusion, our study shows that Rutin, especially the nanocrystals, are promising natural compounds to protect neurons from cell death and oxidative stress during PD. Early intake of Rutin may provide a realizable option to prevent or slow PD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals In vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Stress Activities of Kushenol C Isolated from the Roots of Sophora flavescens

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Byoung Ok Cho ◽  
Denis Nchang Che ◽  
Ji-Su Kim ◽  
Jang Hoon Kim ◽  
Jae Young Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Kushenol C (KC) is a prenylated flavonoid isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens aiton. Little is known about its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of KC in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. The results demonstrated that KC dose-dependently suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators, including NO, PGE2, IL-6, IL1β, MCP-1, and IFN-β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The study demonstrated that the inhibition of STAT1, STAT6, and NF-κB activations by KC might have been responsible for the inhibition of NO, PGE2, IL-6, IL1β, MCP-1, and IFN-β in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. KC also upregulated the expression of HO-1 and its activities in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The upregulation of Nrf2 transcription activities by KC in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages was demonstrated to be responsible for the upregulation of HO-1 expression and its activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In HaCaT cells, KC prevented DNA damage and cell death by upregulating the endogenous antioxidant defense system involving glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, which prevented reactive oxygen species production from tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. The upregulated activation of Nrf2 and Akt in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by KC was demonstrated to be responsible for the anti-oxidative stress activity of KC in HaCaT cells. Collectively, the study suggests that KC can be further investigated as a potential anti-inflammatory candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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