scholarly journals Understanding the Redox Biology of Selenium in the Search of Targeted Cancer Therapies

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Stolwijk ◽  
Rohan Garje ◽  
Jessica C. Sieren ◽  
Garry R. Buettner ◽  
Yousef Zakharia
Keyword(s):  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Selenium Treatment ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace nutrient required for optimal human health. It has long been suggested that selenium has anti-cancer properties. However, clinical trials have shown inconclusive results on the potential of Se to prevent cancer. The suggested role of Se in the prevention of cancer is centered around its role as an antioxidant. Recently, the potential of selenium as a drug rather than a supplement has been uncovered. Selenium compounds can generate reactive oxygen species that could enhance the treatment of cancer. Transformed cells have high oxidative distress. As normal cells have a greater capacity to meet oxidative challenges than tumor cells, increasing the flux of oxidants with high dose selenium treatment could result in cancer-specific cell killing. If the availability of Se is limited, supplementation of Se can increase the expression and activities of Se-dependent proteins and enzymes. In cell culture, selenium deficiency is often overlooked. We review the importance of achieving normal selenium biology and how Se deficiency can lead to adverse effects. We examine the vital role of selenium in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Finally, we examine the properties of Se-compounds to better understand how each can be used to address different research questions.

Cancer Microbiome: Opportunities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nallanchakravarthula Srivathsa ◽  
Narayanappa Amruta ◽  
Chitteti Ramamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Metabolic Plasticity ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Modern Era

Background: The microbes and host association emerged as a modulator in the modern era of medicine.The cancer and its associated host microbes are collectively referred to as a Cancer Microbiome. Cancer and microbiome have complex characteristics in terms of metabolic plasticity, micro environment remodelling, cellular communications and unique signatures within the host. These hallmark signs have a vital role in homeostasis and pathogenesis of host physiology.However, in the cancer the role of microbiome still needs to be explored. It is pivotal to review such hall mark signatures of microbiome and its role in cancer initiation, progression and therapy. Objective: The objective of this review is to elucidate the role of microbiome in cancer metabolism and tumour microenvi-ronment. It also focuses on importance of therapeutic opportunities and challenges in terms of manipulation of cancer mi-crobiome. Methods: The literature search is based on the notion of microbiome has role in cancer initiation, progression and therapy. Conclusion: The tumour micro environment and cancer metabolism are playing a significant in host-microbiome interactions. Microbiome can modulate the typical cancer therapies like chemo and immuno therapies in standard of care. The microbiome transplantation has been demonstrated as an effective therapy against cancer. Furthermore, the modulation of microbiome also has potential clinical outcomes in modern medicine.

The Role of Selenium Compounds in Cancer Therapy

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Batist ◽  
A.G. Katki ◽  
V.J. Ferrans ◽  
C.E. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Organic Peroxides ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
The Impact

Experimental evidence is presented that demonstrates the impact of selenium on the effects of a variety of anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase can detoxify organic peroxides resulting from some of these treatments. Selenium deficiency has also been associated with significant changes in liver enzymes that activate some drugs and contribute to detoxification. Some forms of free selenium have cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cell lines, both murine and human. Experimental data suggest that catalytic oxidation of cellular glutathione and reduction of molecular oxygen are part of the mechanism of this antitumor activity. This provides provocative possibilities for the inclusion of selenium into cancer therapy regimens.

PKC-δ and -ε regulate NF-κB activation induced by cholecystokinin and TNF-α in pancreatic acinar cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. G582-G591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Satoh ◽  
Anna S. Gukovskaya ◽  
Jose M. Nieto ◽  
Jason H. Cheng ◽  
Ilya Gukovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pancreatic Acini ◽  
Pkc Isoforms ◽  
Tnf Α

Although NF-κB plays an important role in pancreatitis, mechanisms underlying its activation remain unclear. We investigated the signaling pathways mediating NF-κB activation in pancreatic acinar cells induced by high-dose cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8), which causes pancreatitis in rodent models, and TNF-α, which contributes to inflammatory responses of pancreatitis, especially the role of PKC isoforms. We determined subcellular distribution and kinase activities of PKC isoforms and NF-κB activation in dispersed rat pancreatic acini. We applied isoform-specific, cell-permeable peptide inhibitors to assess the role of individual PKC isoforms in NF-κB activation. Both CCK-8 and TNF-α activated the novel isoforms PKC-δ and -ε and the atypical isoform PKC-ζ but not the conventional isoform PKC-α. Inhibition of the novel PKC isoforms but not the conventional or the atypical isoform resulted in the prevention of NF-κB activation induced by CCK-8 and TNF-α. NF-κB activation by CCK-8 and TNF-α required translocation but not tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC-δ. Activation of PKC-δ, PKC-ε, and NF-κB with CCK-8 involved both phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC and phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific PLC, whereas with TNF-α they only required PC-specific PLC for activation. Results indicate that CCK-8 and TNF-α initiate NF-κB activation by different PLC pathways that converge at the novel PKCs (δ and ε) to mediate NF-κB activation in pancreatic acinar cells. These findings suggest a key role for the novel PKCs in pancreatitis.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

Energy Efficiency Analysis in ERA using NFL-BA Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Palky Mehta ◽  
H. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Head ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In the current scenario of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), power consumption is the major issue associated with nodes in WSN. LEACH technique plays a vital role of clustering in WSN and reduces the energy usage effectively. But LEACH has its own limitation in order to search cluster head nodes which are randomly distributed over the network. In this paper, ERA-NFL- BA algorithm is being proposed for selects the cluster heads in WSN. This algorithm help in selection of cluster heads can freely transform from global search to local search. At the end, a comparison has been done with earlier researcher using protocol ERA-NFL, which clearly shown that proposed Algorithm is best suited and from comparison results that ERA-NFL-BA has given better performance.

Tertiary English-majored Students’ Perceptions toward the Role of Pronunciation in English Language Learning and their Practicing Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-279
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The University

Accurate pronunciation has a vital role in English language learning as it can help learners to avoid misunderstanding in communication. However, EFL learners in many contexts, especially at the University of Phan Thiet, still encounter many difficulties in pronouncing English correctly. Therefore, this study endeavors to explore English-majored students’ perceptions towards the role of pronunciation in English language learning and examine their pronunciation practicing strategies (PPS). It involved 155 English-majored students at the University of Phan Thiet who answered closed-ended questionnaires and 18 English-majored students who participated in semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that students strongly believed in the important role of pronunciation in English language learning; however, they sometimes employed PPS for their pronunciation improvement. Furthermore, the results showed that participants tended to use naturalistic practicing strategies and formal practicing strategies with sounds, but they overlooked strategies such as asking for help and cooperating with peers. Such findings could contribute further to the understanding of how students perceive the role of pronunciation and their PPS use in the research’s context and other similar ones. Received 10th June 2019; Revised 12th March 2020; Accepted 12th April 2020

The role of Record of Rights (Khatian) in determining title or possession: An overview

IIUC Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Kalim Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Religious Systems

Human beings are deeply related to land. Human beings take birth on land, live on land, die on land and mixes with land ultimately. As stated in the holy Quran: ‘We (Allah) created you (human beings) from the soil, we shall make you return to the soil and We shall call you back again from the soil’ (20:55). Human life is surrounded by soil i.e. land. So, land is a highly completed issue of human life involving economic, social, political, cultural and often religious systems. Land administration is thus a critical element and often a pre-condition for peaceful society and sustainable development. In administrating land, Khatian or record of rights plays a vital role to determine the rights and interests of the respective parties as supportive evidence. In this article, discussion is mainly made on the fact that Khatian or record of rights is not a document of title solely but it may be an evidence of title as well as possession. IIUC Studies Vol.15(0) December 2018: 33-46

Pre-emptive Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief in Children – Role of Paracetamol

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Rubina Yasmin ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Paresh Chandra Sarker ◽  
Neaz Ahmed ◽  
Ranadhir Kumar Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Dept. of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, during the period of May 2003 to July 2003. The study was done to emphasize the importance of giving analgesics preemptively instead of waiting for the child to complain of pain and to produce smooth recovery after surgery by decreasing immediate postoperative pain in children by a simple, safe acceptable drug. The children scheduled for tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia were recruited in this study. The analgesic efficiency of rectal paracetamol in two doses, 25 mg/kg bodywt.(Gr-P25) and 50 mg/kg. bodywt. (Gr-P50) were compared with Diclofenac Sodium suppository 1mg/ kg body weight (Gr-D) given half an hour before induction of anaesthesia. Pain scoring was done by TPPPS (Toddler Pre-schooler postoperative pain scale). Heart rate and blood pressure were stable in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Time of first demand of analgesic was delayed in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Total paracetamol consumption in 24 hours was less in Gr-P50(181±14.25) and Gr-D (212±25) than Gr-P25(318± 26.39). Total duration of analgesia in Gr- P50 (657±9.94) mins. and in Gr- D(502±10.63) mins. and in Gr-P25(288±23.17) mins. Pre-emptive high dose rectal paracetamol appears to be more effective than diclofenac sodium suppository for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Journal of BSA, Vol. 18, No. 1 & 2, 2005 p.9-16

A Court in Decline? Examining the Regality Court Records of Melrose, Roxburghshire, 1657–84

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vivienne Dunstan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Seminal Work

McIntyre, in his seminal work on Scottish franchise courts, argues that these courts were in decline in this period, and of little relevance to their local population. 1 But was that really the case? This paper explores that question, using a particularly rich set of local court records. By analysing the functions and significance of one particular court it assesses the role of this one court within its local area, and considers whether it really was in decline at this time, or if it continued to perform a vital role in its local community. The period studied is the mid to late seventeenth century, a period of considerable upheaval in Scottish life, that has attracted considerable attention from scholars, though often less on the experiences of local communities and people.

Risk and Protective Factors in the Life of Youth in Relation to Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Silvia Barnová ◽  
Viola Tamášová
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Health Service Providers

Abstract Introduction: A certain degree of stress is present in everyone’s life and young people are not an exception. Most of them show a certain degree of resilience and can cope with stressful situations without any difficulties, however there is a group of youth who live in toxic environments and need help. If there is a risk of failure due to the intensity of stressors; external formal and informal support have a great role to play as they have the potential to prevent negative developmental outcomes. Purpose: The authors’ intention was to make a review of available literature on the current issues of resilience research with a focus on the importance of protective factors in young people’s lives – especially when they are exposed to adversity. An emphasis is placed on the vital role of social support to individuals provided by schools as well as social services. Methods: In the presented literature review, multiple formal search methods including hand searching of key journals; electronic searching of journal databases and subject specific websites; reference scanning; and citation tracking were used. Conclusion: Individuals commonly demonstrate some level of resilience, yet most of them are able to deal with stressful situations without any harm. On the other hand, if the adversity is too high, the presence of social support provided by their social environment is important. In this context, good relationships in general and sufficient external protective factors provided by their social environment (schools, school psychologists, institutional social and health service providers) are important.

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