scholarly journals Saussurea lappa Ethanolic Extract Attenuates Triamcinolone Acetonide-Induced Pulmonary and Splenic Tissue Damage in Rats via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Amany Behairy ◽  
Nora M. Elseddawy ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Wael N. Hozzein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saussurea Lappa

Background: In this era, worldwide interest has been directed towards using natural antioxidants to guard against drug side effects. Saussurea lappa is a famous medicinal plant with many biologically active compounds. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is an extensively used glucocorticoid. Hence, this study explored, for the first time, the possible beneficial effects of S. lappa ethanolic extract on TA-induced oxidative damage in the lung and spleen of rats. Methods: Five experimental groups were used: control group, S. lappa-treated group (600 mg/kg/day, orally), TA-treated group (40 mg/kg/twice/week I/P), S. lappa + TA co-treated group, and S. lappa/TA prophylactic group. Results: TA exposure significantly induced leukocytosis and neutrophilia. In addition, TA significantly reduced the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor α, and immunoglobulins. Lung Caspase-3 overexpression and splenic CD8+ downregulation were also noted in the TA group. TA treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration but reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. S. lappa counteracted the TA oxidative and apoptotic effects. The best results were recorded in the prophylactic group. Conclusions: S. lappa has a remarkable protective effect via its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant capacity. Thus, it could be a candidate as a natural antioxidant to face glucocorticoid’s harmful side effects.

scholarly journals INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

2016 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. Ahmed ◽  
Fatehya M Metwally ◽  
Hend Rashad ◽  
Asmaa M Zaazaa
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associated<br />hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status.<br />Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standard<br />rodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group,<br />and simvastatin-treated group.<br />Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index<br />(BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group.<br />Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin<br />values were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba or<br />simvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance value<br />in serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore,<br />noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment with<br />either ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes<br />(hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups with<br />ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver.<br />Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and related<br />metabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, and<br />antioxidant activity of its phytochemicals.<br />Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis.</p>

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic activity of rhizome extracts of Imperata cylindrical against alloxan-induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2704-2709
Author(s):  
Ranjana Kohli ◽  
Madan L Kaushik ◽  
Jai Parkash Kadian ◽  
Bhupendra Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Study Results

The anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Imperata cylindrical  rhizomes was investigated in alloxan-induced diabeties in rats. Diabetes was induced by a single 150 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of alloxan. Rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group i.e. the normal control group, diabetic control group, standard group (glibenclamide, 10mg/kg, p.o.), Test-I group (200 mg/kg ethanolic extract) and Test-II group (200 mg/kg aqueous extract). The above concerned groups were inoculated on 21st day. On the last day of the experiment, fasted rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The body weight was measured at the initial day and final day. The blood samples were collected for estimation of glucose. The loss of body weight in control group, but recovery was observed in drug treated group. The serum glucose level was significant increased in diabetic rats. However, significant improvement was observed in treated group. The biochemical parameters such as HDL and proteins level were decreased in the control group but maintained in drug treated group. LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride creatinine and urea were significant increase in control group however, reduced level in drug treated group. The present study concluded that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of I. cylindrical  rhizome showed an appreciable effect in reducing the hyperglycemia and the complications associated with diabetes. However, aqueous extract is found more significant in decreasing blood glucose level in comparison to the ethanolic extract. The study results justify the traditional use of the plant as anti-diabetic.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA FRUIT AGAINST ETHANOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Balakrishna Vuyyala ◽  
Lakshmi Thakkalapally
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

  Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Terminalia chebula fruit extract on liver antioxidant enzymes in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Method: Rats were divided into six different groups each having six. Group 1 served as a control, Group 2 received 40% ethanol (2 ml/100 g, oral), in sterile water, Groups 4, 5, and 6 served as extract treatment groups and received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally, ethanolic fruit extract of T. chebula (TCE) and Group 3 served as standard group and received silymarin 25 mg/kg orally. All the treatment protocols followed 21 days, and after which rats were sacrificed, the liver was taken for antioxidant and histological studies, respectively.Results: The ethanol-treated group rats (G2) showed variable decrease in antioxidant parameter (catalase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase) levels. Administration of ethanolic TCE significantly prevented ethanol-induced elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant parameters in experimental groups of rats. The effect of extract was compared with a standard drug, silymarin. The changes in antioxidant parameters were supported by histological profile.Conclusion: It is concluded that the ethanolic fruit TCE protects against ethanol-induced oxidative liver injury in rats.

Evaluation of Antipsychotic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Dhatryadi Ghrita on Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
Rashmi S. Pal ◽  
Amrita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antipsychotic Activity ◽  
Positive Symptoms Of Psychosis ◽  
Extrapyramidal Motor ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Objective: Herbal formulations based on plants are effective against psychosis. The effects of Dhatryadi Ghrita on Wistar rats against psychosis were investigated. Background: An increased preference nowadays is obvious towards the use of herbal drugs in the treatment of chronic ailments. Treatment of psychiatric diseases has become easier, but the extrapyramidal motor disorders are the major adverse effect exists with most of the antipsychotic drugs. Methods: For the assessment of neuroleptic activity of the ethanolic extract of Dhatryadi Ghrita, prepared with different antipsychotic animal models, three doses of the extract (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) were used for the study with different animal models. Result: A significant reduction of amphetamine-induced stereotype and conditioned avoidance response was observed in the extract-treated animals compared to control. Minor signs of catalepsy were visible in the extract-treated group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study revealed that the extract may be possessing the property to alleviate the positive symptoms of Psychosis.

Oral propranolol in early stages of retinopathy of prematurity

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Bancalari ◽  
Ricardo Schade ◽  
Tomás Muñoz ◽  
Carolina Lazcano ◽  
Rodrigo Parada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Oral Propranolol

AbstractTo assess the effect of oral propranolol on the progression of early stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.We analyzed VLBW infants with ROP (stages 2–3, zones II-III). Newborns received oral propranolol (0.5 mg/kg/dose q8h), and were monitored throughout the treatment period for possible side effects. Propranolol was administered until regression of ROP. A historic control group of patients with equivalent ROP was used. We compared characteristics of both groups and the progression of retinopathy.Forty-seven newborns were included, 20 in the propranolol group and 27 in the control group. There were no significant differences in gestational age, birthweight or gender. The mean duration of treatment with propranolol was 58.2±17.6 days. Most patients started treatment with stage 2 disease (65.0%), and had zone III involvement (55.0%). In the treated group, 90.0% (18/20) of patients did not require intervention with laser or bevacizumab, compared to 51.8% in the control group (P<0.005). No cases of bradycardia, hypotension or hypoglycemia were observed.Oral propranolol in early stages of ROP could prevent disease progression and reduce the need for invasive rescue therapy with laser or bevacizumab. No significant side effects were reported.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend M. Tag ◽  
Howayda E. Khaled ◽  
Hayat A.A. Ismail ◽  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saussurea Lappa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by polyarticular symmetrical arthritis. The prevalence of RA is consistent worldwide, affecting about 0.5%–1.0% of the population. The aim of this study was to investigate whetherAnimals were divided into eight groups (n=5/group). Group 1 acted as control, group 2 presented the AA rats (positive control), and groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with different doses ofThe

scholarly journals Influence of Eclipta alba on serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
B. P. Kale ◽  
Mujawar Jahir Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Group B

Background: Paracetamol is a recognized antipyretic, analgesic drug which produces hepatic necrosis in high doses. Eclipta alba elaborates a vast array of biologically active compounds that are chemically diverse and structurally complex.Methods: Randomized open controlled experimental study Estimated levels of Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Hepatoprotective action of in High doses of Paracetamol on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity.Results: ALT in all the groups including Control group (A) was (51.8±4.56IU/L). Paracetamol treated group (B) the ALT level increased at 48 hours and continued to be high up to 60 days (136.4±20.73IU/L) then decreased to (113.7±11.35IU/L) at 90 days. AST in all the groups including Control group (A) was (22.5±1.23IU/L). Appropriate antioxidant in appropriate doses as a matter of routine whenever hepatotoxic or potentially hepatotoxic drugs are prescribed. In Paracetamol treated group (B) the AST level increased at 48 hours and continued to be high up to 60 days (99.4±9.73IU/L) then decreased to (85.4±7.39IU/L) at 90 days.Conclusions: Appropriate antioxidant in appropriate doses as a matter of routine whenever hepatotoxic or potentially hepatotoxic drugs are prescribed.

scholarly journals AVM0703, a New Treatment Option for Lymphoma Patients

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5308-5308
Author(s):  
Theresa Deisher ◽  
Margaret Taylor ◽  
Arya Ashok ◽  
Peter Jarzyna ◽  
Yumna Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Treatment

AVM0703 is a new treatment option for lymphoma patients that can eliminate or reduce the dose of standard chemotherapy in the overall treatment plan. Radiation and chemotherapy have dramatically improved survival for patients with cancer. However, the American Cancer Society has reported that chemotherapy and radiation increase the chances of secondary cancers. In fact, the report states that chemotherapy is known to be a higher risk factor than radiation in causing leukemia. The need to decrease chemotherapy administration in young adults and pediatric populations becomes even more essential considering the risk for secondary cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapies that are as efficacious as chemotherapy and are without the harmful side effects. AVM0703 is a repurposed small molecule that has significantly extended survival in a mouse model with aggressive B cell lymphoma (A20 mouse model). In addition to being a standalone treatment, AVM0703 can also be administered as a preconditioning agent before CART cell infusion. Two FDA approved breakthrough therapies, Kymriah and Yescarta are not yet available for 33% of patients who are frail and elderly, as they are too weak to undergo the required chemotherapy preconditioning. AVM0703 can have the same preconditioning effect as chemotherapy without the toxic side effects of chemo while sparing red blood cells, stem cells and platelets. AVM0703 demonstrated a significant improvement of the effect of CART cells in a mouse model of melanoma (data not shown). Preconditioning with AVM0703 before CART administration will allow frail and elderly patients access to FDA approved cell therapy treatments. To demonstrate the efficacy of AVM0703 in a lymphoma model, A20 tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the right flank in a cohort of BALB/c mice. When the tumors reached ~ 100mm3, the mice were randomized into two cohorts, control and AVM0703-treated. The control group were vehicle-treated while AVM0703-treated group were administered the active drug on day 7, 10, 17, 23, 24, 28 and 35. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured thrice weekly. Overall the treatment was very well tolerated with no treatment related deaths or toxicity observed. Dramatic body weight loss defined as greater than 20 % decrease from baseline is a frequent concern with chemo treatment, however, it was not observed in any AVM0703-treated mice. The median survival time for the control group was 16 days where as the AVM0703-treated group had a median survival time of 34 days. Therefore, this data suggests that AVM0703 treatment almost doubled the survival time of mice bearing A20 tumors (Figure 1), a fast growing B cell lymphoma model. Most interestingly, when the data was compared to the CHOP regimen, a combination of 4 therapies in the same A20 model, the efficacy results were better than 1 cycle CHOP without the extremely toxic effects observed with CHOP cycles (Figure 2). As mentioned previously AVM0703 is a repurposed molecule with decades of clinical information available on safety and toxicity, allowing a rapid clinical development program. AVM0703 is a novel high-volume formulation with a target dose that is 25 times what is used currently. It has a unique mechanism of action targeting only cancer cells, lymphocytes and monocytes while sparing platelets, RBCs and stem cells. Due to its unique profile, AVM0703 can replace chemotherapy and reduce the financial and physical toxicities associated with it. AVM0703 presents a new treatment option for lymphoma patients that is safe and effective. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis var. prostrates Growing in Syria in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Malek ◽  
M Whaleed M Sadaka ◽  
Sameh Hamo ◽  
Hassan M. Al-Mahbashi
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Group A

Background: The genus of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) is found in many parts of the world. Traditionally, Rosemary has been used in traditional medicine due to its therapeutic virtues and its ability to treat some diseases. Rosmarinus officinalis var. prostrates grows in the Al Kalamoon region of Syria but only a limited amount of scientific research on the medicinal uses of this plant has been done. This study focused on the medicinally active substances found in ethanolic extract of the leaves and flowers of this plant and their antidiabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. First, an acute toxicity study was carried out to detect the optimal dose of the Rosmarinus officinalis var. prostrates extract. Then, the effect of the optimal dose of 300mg/kg was measured over 36 days. Method: During the study, diabetic rats were treated with different doses of extract (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mg/kg). The percentage of fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured immediately after administration of the extract and at 2h, 4h and 8h after administration. The dose of 300mg/kg was then used in the second part of the study, which involved four groups of rats: a healthy group, a diabetic group without treatment (the control group), a diabetic group treated with 300mg/kg of extract, and a diabetic group treated by metformin (50mg/kg). The treatment continued for 36 days. Results: The results showed that the extract was rich with flavonoids, phenols and tannins. Levels of FBG and DPP-4 were significantly lower in the extract-treated group in comparison with the control group; however, the level of insulin was significantly elevated in the extract-treated group compared to the control group. This effect may be caused by two factors. First, the antioxidant effects of flavonoids which protect pancreatic beta cells from damage caused by alloxan, supports regeneration of pancreatic beta cells, and therefore insulin production. Second, the inhibition of DPP-4 activity, which in turn leads to increased secretion of insulin. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis var. prostrates has an antidiabetic effect.

scholarly journals Chronic oral administration of Passiflora incarnata extract has no abnormal effects on metabolic and behavioral parameters in mice, except to induce sleep

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwang-Ho Kim ◽  
Sun Shin Yi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Passiflora Incarnata ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

AbstractAlthough the number of prescriptions and dependence on sleeping pills are increasing, the associations with unexpected abnormal behaviors and metabolic diseases caused by the overuse of sleeping pills are not well understood. In particular, such as abnormal eating-behavior and the occurrence of metabolic disorders caused by psychological unstable states are reported. For this reason, herbal medicine, which has not had such side effects in recent years, is attracting attention as an alternative medicine/food for sleeping inducer. We have used ethanol extracts from Passiflora incarnata (PI) to steadily obtain positive effects on sleep and brain microenvironment. However, as mentioned earlier, sleep-inducing efficacy can only be used safely if the behavioral and metabolic abnormalities do not appear.Thus, in this study, we used Phenomaster equipment to continuously monitor the movement, feeding, water consumption, gas changes, etc. in C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days with PI extract group compared with the control group. Before sacrifice, differences in body composition of mice were also compared. Monitoring of 24 h/5 days through the equipment showed no change in PI-treated group in anything except for significant decrease in blood melatonin levels and activity after PI administration. Taken together, the statistically insignificance of any behavioral and metabolic phenomenon produced by repeated treatment of PI are not only expected to have an accurate sleep effect, but are also free of side effects of the prescribed sleeping pills. This study has given us greater confidence in the safety of the PI extracts we use for sleep-inducer.

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