scholarly journals Food-Safe Process for High Recovery of Flavonoids from Cocoa Beans: Antioxidant and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS Analysis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Toro-Uribe ◽  
Elena Ibañez ◽  
Eric A. Decker ◽  
Arley René Villamizar-Jaimes ◽  
Luis Javier López-Giraldo
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Esi Ms

Considering the increasing interest in the incorporation of natural antioxidants in enriched foods, this work aimed to establish a food-grade and suitable procedure for the recovery of polyphenols from cocoa beans avoiding the degreasing process. The results showed that ultrasound for 30 min with particle sample size < 0.18 mm changed the microstructure of the cell, thus increasing the diffusion pathway of polyphenols and avoiding the degreasing process. The effect of temperature, pH, and concentration of ethanol and solute on the extraction of polyphenols was evaluated. Through a 24 full factorial design, a maximum recovery of 122.34 ± 2.35 mg GAE/g, 88.87 ± 0.78 mg ECE/g, and 62.57 ± 3.37 mg ECE/g cocoa beans, for total concentration of polyphenols (TP), flavonoids (TF), and flavan-3-ols (TF3), respectively, was obtained. Based on mathematical models, the kinetics of the solid–liquid extraction process indicates a maximum equilibrium time of 45 min. Analysis by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS showed that our process allowed a high amount of methylxanthines (10.43 mg/g), catechins (7.92 mg/g), and procyanidins (34.0 mg/g) with a degree of polymerization >7, as well as high antioxidant activity determined by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (1149.85 ± 25.10 µMTrolox eq/g) and radical scavenging activity (DPPH•, 120.60 ± 0.50 µM Trolox eq/g). Overall, the recovery method made possible increases of 59.7% and 12.8% in cocoa polyphenols content and extraction yield, respectively. This study showed an effective, suitable and cost-effective process for the extraction of bioactive compounds from cocoa beans without degreasing.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peel

2010 ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Tumbas ◽  
Gordana Cetkovic ◽  
Sonja Djilas ◽  
Jasna Canadanovic-Brunet ◽  
Jelena Vulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Esr Spin Trapping ◽  
Accelerated Storage ◽  
Mandarin Peel ◽  
Peel Extract

Mandarin peel, a waste product coming from juice production, was extracted by conventional extraction with 70% acetone. Content of flavonoids in mandarin peel extract (MPE) was determined by HPLC. Hesperidin was the most dominant flavonoid. Free radical scavenging activity of MPE on stable DPPH radicals and reactive hydroxyl radicals was also evaluated. EC50 value determined in spectrophotometrical DPPH radical assay was 0.179 mg/ml, while this value in ESR spin trapping hydroxyl radical assay was 0.415 mg/ml. Also, MPE showed protective effects in stabilising sunflower oil during accelerated storage. The results indicated that mandarin peel can be a valuable source of natural antioxidants.

Polyphenol Contents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Aqueous Algerian Propolis Extracts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.K. Soltani ◽  
K. Zaim ◽  
K. Mokhnache ◽  
N. Haichour ◽  
S. Mezaache-Aichour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

The propolis, an extremely complex resinous material, exhibits valuable pharmacological and biological properties, mainly attributed to the presence of polyphenols. The composition of propolis depends on time, vegetation, and the area of collection. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of aqueous extracts of propolis samples from different areas of Algeria, determined by using aluminum chloride and Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric methods, were in the range of 3.047 ± 0.004–5.273 ± 0.013 mg/g and 96.833 ± 0.027–458.833 ± 0.0005 mg/g crude extract of propolis, respectively. This study examined the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis. Aqueous extracts of propolis were obtained in order to evaluate their antioxidant activities by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, β-carotene and electrochemical assays. All tested propolis samples had relatively strong antioxidant activities, which were also correlated with the total polyphenol and flavonoid content present. The percentage of inhibition of lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion during 24 h varied between 86.04 ± 0.42 and 90.60 ± 3.77% among the tested samples. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed by ABAL (Ain Abassa Aqueous Extract) with IC50 = 8.49 ± 5.07 10−5 μg/ml, and the lowest was observed by SAL (Setif Aqueous Extract) with IC50 of 21.16 ± 0.0001 μg/ml. The most important antibacterial activity was obtained with Ain Abassa extract; the zones of inhibition obtained for this excerpt vary from 15.22 to 15.5 mm. Followed by the Setif extract with areas of 12.33 to 12.75 mm, the Tizi-Ouzou extract with areas of 10.11 to 11.11 mm. This study will bring an innovation for further studies with regard to the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the aqueous extracts of propolis. This study corroborates that Algerian propolis is a rich source of natural antioxidants, properties which could be used in the prevention of different diseases, both in humans and in animals.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Green Soybean Pods and Application in Green Soybean Milk Antioxidants Fortification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noppol Leksawasdi ◽  
Siraphat Taesuwan ◽  
Trakul Prommajak ◽  
Charin Techapun ◽  
Rattanaporn Khonchaisri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Soybean Milk

Abstract Green soybean (Glycine max L.) pods (GSP) are agro-industrial waste from the production of frozen green soybean and milk. These pods contain natural antioxidants and various bioactive compounds that are still underutilized. Polyphenols and flavonoids in GSP were extracted by ultrasound techniques and used in antioxidant fortification of green soybean milk. The ultrasound extraction that yielded the highest total polyphenol content was 50% amplitude for 10 min, whereas maximum flavonoids content was obtained at 50% amplitude for 15 min. Radical scavenging activity assayed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the two conditions. Response surface methodology was applied to analyze an optimum ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) condition of these variables. The highest desirability was found to be 50% amplitude with extraction time of 12.5 min. Fortification of the GSP extracts (1-3% v/v) in green soybean milk resulted in higher levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Procyanidins were found to be the main polyphenols in dried GSP which were present at the concentration of 104.1 ± 2.1 mg/g dry sample, respectively. Addition of GSP extracts obtained by using an ultrasound technique to green soybean milk increased its bioactive compound content especially procyanidins as well as its antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Fractionation, Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Different Sub-Fractions from Pituranthos scoparius Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Ahlem Karbab ◽  
Kamel Mokhnache ◽  
Lekhmici Arrar ◽  
Abderahmane Baghiani ◽  
Seddik Khennouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Potential Health

The purpose of this study was to prepare three sub-fractions from Pituranthos scoparius roots (PSR), characterize their phytochemicals contents and to investigate their free radical scavenging activity by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl scavenging activities. Tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and other bioactive compounds were found in the different sub-fractions. The Ethyle acetate extract (EAE) and chloroform extract (ChE) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity using ABTS (17.8 ± 0.87 µg/mL and 18.15 ± 0.68 µg/mL), respectively. Whereas, Crude extract (CrE) have been presented strong hydroxyl scavenging activity (14.9 ± 0.8 µg/mL). This study indicates that PSR extracts has potent free radical scavenging, and may prove to be of potential health benefit as well as additional resources for natural antioxidants. Keywords: Medicinal plant; phytochemical screening; sub-fractions, free radical scavenging.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial, insecticidal and antiradical activity of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Prashith Kekuda TR ◽  
Dunkana Negussa Kenie ◽  
Chetan DM ◽  
Raghavendra L Hallur
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bioactive Agents

<p><strong>Objectives</strong>: The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, insecticidal and radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of <em>Hydnocarpus pentandra</em> (Buch.-Ham.) Oken belonging to the family Achariaceae.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Extraction process of shade dried and powdered leaf was carried out by maceration technique. Extract was screened for phytochemicals by standard tests. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity of leaf extract was evaluated by two in vitro assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined against II instar and IV instar larvae of <em>Aedes aegypti</em>.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids in the leaf extract. Leaf extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. <em>Bacillus cereus</em> (zone of inhibition 1.86±0.05cm) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (zone of inhibition 1.06±0.05cm) were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi. Among fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: <em>Curvularia</em> sp. (53.64% inhibition) &gt; <em>Fusarium</em> sp. (45.81% inhibition) &gt; <em>Alternaria</em> sp. (35.08% inhibition). The extract exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal activity with marked activity being observed against II instar larvae (LC<sub>50</sub> value 0.79mg/ml) when compared to IV instar larvae (LC<sub>50</sub> value 1.37mg/ml). Leaf extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 13.91µg/ml and 6.03µg/ml respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The plant is shown to be an important source of bioactive agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Further studies on characterization and bioactivity determination of isolated components from leaf extract are to be carried out.</p>

scholarly journals Natural antioxidants isolated from Schinus areira leaves by ultrasound-assisted extraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana S. Celaya ◽  
Carmen I. Viturro ◽  
Luís R. Silva ◽  
Silvia Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Optimized Conditions

The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of antioxidant compounds from Schinus areira leaves using  ultrasound assisted extraction and response surface methodology. The effect of sonication time and plant material:solvent ratio were used to optimize the recovery. Results showed that a high recovery of antioxidant compounds from leaves of three different S. areira specimens was achieved under optimized conditions. The leaf extracts obtained displayed a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity analogous to the well-known antioxidant trolox  (EC50 = 23-46 vs 36.1 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, these extracts showed a good potency to eliminate superoxide and nitric oxide-radicals as well as a moderate antimicrobial activity against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and yeast. HPLC chromatography analysis of the three S. areira leaf extracts showed different high contents of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The results showed that the S. areira leaf extracts contained a high amount of antioxidant phenolic compounds, which might be a valuable source to be used as additives in plant-based foods.

scholarly journals Bioprocessing of Squid Pens Waste into Chitosanase by Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 and Its Application in Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharides Production

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Thang Doan ◽  
Thi Ngoc Tran ◽  
Van Bon Nguyen ◽  
Trung Dung Tran ◽  
Anh Dzung Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has become of great interest in recent years because of its worthy biological activities. This study aims to produce COS using the enzymatic method, and investigates Paenibacillus sp. TKU047, a chitinolytic-producing strain, in terms of its chitosanase productivity on several chitinous material-containing mediums from fishery process wastes. The highest amount of chitosanase was produced on the medium using 2% (w/v) squid pens powder (0.60 U/mL) as the single carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source. The molecular mass of TKU047 chitosanase, which could be the smallest one among chitinases/chitosanases from the Paenibacillus genus, was approximately 23 kDa according to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. TKU047 chitosanase possessed the highest activity at 60 °C, pH 7, and toward chitosan solution with a higher degree of deacetylation (DDA) value. Additionally, the hydrolysis products of 98% DDA chitosan catalyzed by TKU047 chitosanase showed the degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 2 to 9, suggesting that it was an endo-type activity chitosanase. The free radical scavenging activity of the obtained chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was determined. The result showed that COS produced with Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 chitosanase expressed a higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than that from the commercial COSs with maximum activity and IC50 values of 81.20% and 1.02 mg/mL; 18.63% and 15.37 mg/mL; and 15.96% and 15.16 mg/mL, respectively. As such, Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 may have potential use in converting squid pens waste to produce chitosanase as an enzyme for bio-activity COS preparation.

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