scholarly journals Antihypertensive Effects of Polyphenolic Extract from Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) Bark in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Kwan Joong Kim ◽  
Eun-Sang Hwang ◽  
Min-Jeong Kim ◽  
Ji-Ho Park ◽  
Dae-Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Korean Red Pine ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Ace Activity

Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) bark is a by-product of the wood industry and contains a high level of antioxidative phenolics including flavonoids, which have a variety of beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effects of P. densiflora bark extract (Korean red pine bark extract; KRPBE) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A group of Wistar-Kyoto rats as a normotensive group was orally fed tap water. Four groups of SHRs were orally fed tap water, captopril (a positive control), 50 mg/kg/day of KRPBE, and 150 mg/kg/day of KRPBE, respectively. Blood pressure of rats was measured once every week for seven weeks of oral administration. After seven weeks, the lungs, kidneys, and serum were collected from rats, then angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, angiotensin II content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined. Blood pressure of the captopril- and KRPBE-treated groups was significantly lower than that of the SHR control group. The ACE activity, angiotensin II content, and MDA content significantly decreased in the captopril- and KRPBE-treated groups than those in the SHR control group. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed six phenolics in KRPBE: protocatechuic acid, procyanidin B1, catechin, caffeic acid, vanillin, and taxifolin. KRPBE, which contains plenty of antioxidative phenolics, has antihypertensive effects partly due to reduction of ACE activity and angiotensin II content, and its antioxidative effect.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effects of Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) Bark Extract and Its Phenolics

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Kim ◽  
Sungbin Im ◽  
Ha-Ram Jeong ◽  
Young-Seung Jung ◽  
Inil Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Korean Red Pine

scholarly journals Trait-Specific Responses of Carabid Beetle Diversity and Composition in Pinus densiflora Forests Compared to Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forests in a Temperate Region

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Kook Jung ◽  
Joon-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
Korean Red Pine

Since successful reforestation after the 1970s, Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) forests have become the most important coniferous forests in Korea. However, the scarcity of evidence for biodiversity responses hinders understanding of the conservation value of Korean red pine forests. This study was conducted to explore the patterns of carabid beetle diversity and assemblage structures between broad-leaved deciduous forests and P. densiflora forests in the temperate region of central Korea. Carabid beetles were sampled by pitfall trapping from 2013 to 2014. A total of 66 species were identified from 9541 carabid beetles. Species richness in broad-leaved deciduous forests was significantly higher than that in pine forests. In addition, the species composition of carabid beetles in broad-leaved deciduous forests differed from that of P. densiflora forests. More endemic, brachypterous, forest specialists, and carnivorous species were distributed in broad-leaved deciduous forests than in P. densiflora forests. Consequently, carabid beetle assemblages in central Korea are distinctively divided by forest type based on ecological and biological traits (e.g., endemisim, habitat types, wing forms, and feeding guilds). However, possible variation of the response of beetle communities to the growth of P. densiflora forests needs to be considered for forest management based on biodiversity conservation in temperate regions, because conifer plantations in this study are still young, i.e., approximately 30–40-years old.

scholarly journals Dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II-stimulated Na+ transport via activation of PKC-α in renal proximal tubules

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (6) ◽  
pp. F1513-F1519
Author(s):  
Nianxin Yang ◽  
Nancy J. Hong ◽  
Jeffrey L. Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Renal Proximal Tubule ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Dietary Fructose ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Pkc Β

Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates proximal nephron transport via activation of classical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Acute fructose treatment stimulates PKC and dietary fructose enhances ANG II’s ability to stimulate Na+ transport, but the mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that dietary fructose enhances ANG II’s ability to stimulate renal proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption by augmenting PKC-α activation and increases in intracellular Ca2+. We measured total and isoform-specific PKC activity, basal and ANG II-stimulated oxygen consumption, a surrogate of Na+ reabsorption, and intracellular Ca2+ in proximal tubules from rats given either 20% fructose in their drinking water (fructose group) or tap water (control group). Total PKC activity was measured by ELISA. PKC-α, PKC-β, and PKC-γ activities were assessed by measuring particulate-to-soluble ratios. Intracelluar Ca2+ was measured using fura 2. ANG II stimulated total PKC activity by 53 ± 15% in the fructose group but not in the control group (−15 ± 11%, P < 0.002). ANG II stimulated PKC-α by 0.134 ± 0.026 but not in the control group (−0.002 ± 0.020, P < 0.002). ANG II increased PKC-γ activity by 0.008 ± 0.003 in the fructose group but not in the control group ( P < 0.046). ANG II did not stimulate PKC-β in either group. ANG II increased Na+ transport by 454 ± 87 nmol·min−1·mg protein−1 in fructose group, and the PKC-α/β inhibitor Gö6976 blocked this increase (−96 ± 205 nmol·min−1·mg protein−1, P < 0.045). ANG II increased intracellular Ca2+ by 148 ± 53 nM in the fructose group but only by 43 ± 10 nM in the control group ( P < 0.035). The intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA blocked the ANG II-induced increase in Na+ transport in the fructose group. We concluded that dietary fructose enhances ANG II’s ability to stimulate renal proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption by augmenting PKC-α activation via elevated increases in intacellular Ca2+.

Effect of chlorothiazide on serial measurements of exchangeable sodium and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O. Manhem ◽  
S. A. Clark ◽  
W. B. Brown ◽  
G. D. Murray ◽  
J. I. S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. Chlorothiazide (100 mg/kg body weight) was given by gavage daily to spontaneously hypertensive rats for 4 weeks. Another group of spontaneously hypertensive rats was given only tap water and served as control. 2. Measurements of total exchangeable sodium, blood pressure and weight were performed for 2 weeks before and for 4 weeks during treatment. 3. Before treatment, exchangeable sodium, blood pressure and weight were similar in the two groups of rats. 4. Chlorothiazide significantly attenuated the blood pressure increase in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the effect being most marked during the first 2 1/2 weeks of treatment and less thereafter. 5. Rats in the chlorothiazide-treated group gained weight more slowly than did those of the control group. 6. Exchangeable sodium, expressed as mmol/kg body weight, did not differ significantly between the two groups at any stage. 7. When exchangeable sodium was expressed as mmol/rat, there was a more gradual rise in the chlorothiazide-treated animals, in accordance with their slower gain in weight. 8. There was no temporal association between the antihypertensive effect of chlorothiazide and changes in exchangeable sodium. 9. Thus whereas chlorothiazide treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats slows the increase of both weight and exchangeable sodium, other mechanisms are apparently responsible for the antihypertensive action of the drug.

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