scholarly journals A Melanin-Related Phenolic Polymer with Potent Photoprotective and Antioxidant Activities for Dermo-Cosmetic Applications

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Liberti ◽  
Maria Laura Alfieri ◽  
Daria Maria Monti ◽  
Lucia Panzella ◽  
Alessandra Napolitano
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Aerial Oxidation ◽  
Glutathione Oxidation ◽  
Phenolic Polymer ◽  
Dark Variant

Eumelanins, the dark variant of skin pigments, are endowed with a remarkable antioxidant activity and well-recognized photoprotective properties that have been ascribed to pigment components derived from the biosynthetic precursor 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). Herein, we report the protective effect of a polymer obtained starting from the methyl ester of DHICA (MeDHICA-melanin) against Ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced oxidative stress in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). MeDHICA-melanin was prepared by aerial oxidation of MeDHICA. At concentrations as low as 10 µg/mL, MeDHICA-melanin prevented reactive oxygen species accumulation and partially reduced glutathione oxidation in UVA-irradiated keratinocytes. Western blot experiments revealed that the polymer is able to induce the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2) to the nucleus with the activation of the transcription of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme-oxygenase 1. Spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis of cell lysate allowed to conclude that a significant fraction (ca. 7%), consisting mainly of the 4,4′-dimer of MeDHICA (ca. 2 μM), was internalized in the cells. Overall these data point to the potential use of MeDHICA-melanin as an antioxidant for the treatment of skin damage, photoaging and skin cancers.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Decursin Extracted fromAngelica gigasin Male Infertility via Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Jin Bae ◽  
U. Syn Ha ◽  
Jin Bong Choi ◽  
Kang Sup Kim ◽  
Su Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Higher testicular temperature results in altered spermatogenesis due to heat-related oxidative stress. We examined the effects of decursin extracted fromAngelica gigasNakai on antioxidant activityin vitroand in a cryptorchidism-induced infertility rat model. TM3 Leydig cell viability was measured based on oxidative stress according to treatment. Either distilled water or AG 400 mg/kg ofA. gigasextract was administered orally for 4 weeks after unilateral cryptorchidism was induced. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, six rats from the control group and six rats from treatment group were sacrificed. Testicular weight, semen quality, antioxidant activities, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein, and mRNA expression of Nrf2-regulated genes were analyzed. Treatment withA. gigasextract (1) protected TM3 cells against oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, (2) improved the mean weight of the cryptorchid testis, (3) maintained sperm counts, motility, and spermatogenic cell density, (4) decreased levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), (5) significantly increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and (6) significantly decreased apoptosis. This study suggests that decursin extracted fromA. gigasis a supplemental agent that can reduce oxidative stress by Nrf2-mediated upregulation of HO-1 in rat experimentally induced unilateral cryptorchidism and may improve cryptorchidism-induced infertility.

scholarly journals Lico A Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Defense Mechanisms againstt-BHP-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death via Akt and ERK Activation in RAW 264.7 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongming Lv ◽  
Hua Ren ◽  
Lidong Wang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xinxin Ci
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase

Licochalcone A (Lico A) exhibits various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative potential and mechanisms of Lico A againsttert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicated that Lico A significantly inhibitedt-BHP-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion but increased the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit and the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit genes expression. Additionally, Lico A dramatically upregulated the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which were associated with inducing Nrf2 nuclear translocation, decreasing Keap1 protein expression and increasing antioxidant response element (ARE) promoter activity. Lico A also obviously induced the activation of serine/threonine kinase (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but PI3K/Akt and ERK inhibitors treatment displayed clearly decreased levels of LicoA-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression, respectively. Furthermore, Lico A treatment markedly attenuatedt-BHP-induced oxidative damage, which was reduced by treatment with PI3K/Akt, ERK, and HO-1 inhibitors. Therefore, Lico A might have a protective role againstt-BHP-induced cytotoxicity by modulating HO-1 and by scavenging ROS via the activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Exposure to Salinity and Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity of Brassica carinata L. Microgreens

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Sylvia Maina ◽  
Da Hye Ryu ◽  
Jwa Yeong Cho ◽  
Da Seul Jung ◽  
Jai-Eok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

The effect of salt treatment on Brassica carinata (BC) microgreens grown under different light wavelengths on glucosinolates (GLs) and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Quantifiable GLs were identified using ultra-high performance-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Extracts’ ability to activate antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) was evaluated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116). Furthermore, BC compounds’ ability to activate expression of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins was examined using specific antibodies on HCT116 cells. Sinigrin (SIN) was the abundant GLs of the six compounds identified and its content together with total aliphatic GLs increased in saline conditions. Fluorescent (FL) and blue plus red (B1R1) lights were identified as stable cultivation conditions for microgreens, promoting biomass and glucobrassicin contents, whereas other identified individual and total indole GLs behaved differently in saline and non-saline environments. Blue light-emitting diodes and FL light in saline treatments mostly enhanced SIN, phenolics and antioxidant activities. The increased SOD and CAT activities render the BC microgreens suitable for lowering oxidative stress. Additionally, activation of Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression by the GLs rich extracts, demonstrate their potential to treat and prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, effective salt treatments and light exposure to BC microgreens present an opportunity for targeted regulation of growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Phloroglucinol on Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis through Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Park ◽  
Hee-Jae Cha ◽  
Su Hyun Hong ◽  
Gi-Young Kim ◽  
Suhkmann Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Skin Keratinocytes

Phloroglucinol (PG) is a component of phlorotannins, which are abundant in marine brown alga species. Recent studies have shown that PG is beneficial in protecting cells from oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of PG in HaCaT human skin keratinocytes stimulated with oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2). The results showed that PG significantly inhibited the H2O2-induced growth inhibition in HaCaT cells, which was associated with increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). PG remarkably reversed H2O2-induced excessive ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Additionally, H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was related to a decrease in ATP levels, and in the presence of PG, these changes were significantly impaired. Furthermore, the increases of cytosolic release of cytochrome c and ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 by the H2O2 were markedly abolished under the condition of PG pretreatment. However, the inhibition of HO-1 function using zinc protoporphyrin, a HO-1 inhibitor, markedly attenuated these protective effects of PG against H2O2. Overall, our results suggest that PG is able to protect HaCaT keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Chemical Space Charting of Different Parts of Inula nervosa Wall.: Upregulation of Expression of Nrf2 and Correlated Antioxidants Enzymes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4789
Author(s):  
Xiang-rong Cheng ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Wen-le Dong ◽  
Guo-wei Le
Keyword(s):  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Different Parts

The edible and medicinal part of Inula nervosa Wall. (Xiaoheiyao) is confined to its root without sufficient phytochemical and biological investigation. In this study, the secondary metabolites of root, stem, leaf, and flower of I. nervosa Wall. were visualized using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS), MolNetEnhancer, XCMS(xcmsonline.scripps.edu) analysis, and `ili mapping based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) data to reveal their chemical differences. Among the 11 kinds of chemical repertoires annotated by MolNetEnhancer and 16 hits against the GNPS library, 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymol isobutyrate (1) was revealed as the most dominant and responsible marker between the roots and the other parts. Moreover, a battery of unique MS features as well as differential markers were discovered from different parts of the plant. The chemical differences contribute to the bioactivity differences, which presented in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH)assay and H2O2-insulted HepG2 cells and were in significant correlations with the contents of 1. real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)results demonstrated that I. nervosa Wall. extracts upregulated the mRNA expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1(HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) actors involved in antioxidative response in H2O2-challenged HepG2 cells. These findings support the roots of I. nervosa Wall. as active parts of Xiaoheiyao, and also indicate the potential antioxidant activities of other parts.

scholarly journals The Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Sargassum horneri by Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in BV2 and HT22 Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Wonmin Ko ◽  
Hwan Lee ◽  
Nayeon Kim ◽  
Hee Geun Jo ◽  
Eun-Rhan Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sargassum Horneri ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Ht22 Cells ◽  
Bv2 Cells

Sargassum horneri is used as a traditional medicinal agent and exhibits various pharmacological effects. In this study, we found that the 70% EtOH extract contained 34.37 ± 0.75 μg/mg fucosterol. We tested the antioxidant activities of the 70% EtOH extracts and their fractions. The CH2Cl2-soluble fraction showed the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Next, we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of S. horneri on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells. Pretreatment with the extract and fractions suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in BV2 cells. The 70% EtOH, CH2Cl2-soluble fraction, and water-soluble fraction inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as markedly blocking LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 via inactivation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. In addition, the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction showed the most remarkable heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression effects and increased nuclear erythroid 2-related factor translocation in the nucleus. In HT22 cells, the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction inhibited cell damage and ROS production caused by glutamate via the regulation of HO-1. Therefore, CH2Cl2-soluble fractions of S. horneri can attenuate oxidative action and neuroinflammatory responses via HO-1 induction, demonstrating their potential in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals (−)-Loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri Protects against Fine Dust-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Mawalle Kankanamge Hasitha Madhawa Dias ◽  
Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Dinesh Madusanka ◽  
Eui Jeong Han ◽  
Min Ju Kim ◽  
You-Jin Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Sargassum Horneri ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

The emergence of fine dust (FD) among air pollutants has taken a toll during the past few decades, and it has provided both controversy and a platform for open conversation amongst world powers for finding sustainable solutions and effective treatments for health issues. The present study emphasizes the protective effects of (–)-loliolide (HTT) isolated from Sargassum horneri against FD-induced oxidative stress in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The purification of (–)-loliolide was carried out by centrifugal partition chromatography. HTT did not show any cytotoxicity, and it further illustrated the potential to increase cell viability by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in FD-stimulated keratinocytes. Furthermore, HTT suppressed FD-stimulated DNA damage and the formation of apoptotic bodies, and it reduced the population of cells in the sub-G1 apoptosis phase. FD-induced apoptosis was advancing through the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. The cytoprotective effects of the HTT against FD-stimulated oxidative damage is mediated through squaring the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, dose-dependently increasing HO-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) 1 (NQO1) levels in the cytosol while concomitantly improving the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Future studies could implement the protective functionality of HTT in producing pharmaceuticals that utilize natural products and benefit the diseased.

scholarly journals Protective Effects and Mechanisms of N-Phenethyl Caffeamide from UVA-Induced Skin Damage in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes through Nrf2/HO-1 Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Chu ◽  
Po-Yuan Wu ◽  
Chien-Wen Chen ◽  
Jia-Ling Lyu ◽  
Yi-Jung Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Uva Irradiation ◽  
Microbial Invasion

The skin provides an effective barrier against physical, chemical, and microbial invasion; however, overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes excessive cellular oxidative stress, which leads to skin damage, DNA damage, mutations, and skin cancer. This study investigated the protective effects of N-phenethyl caffeamide (K36) from UVA damage on human epidermal keratinocytes. We found that K36 reduced UVA-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induced the expression of the intrinsic antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by increasing the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). K36 could inhibit the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and reduce UVA-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 overexpression; it could also elevate the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). In addition, K36 ameliorated 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) induced by UVA irradiation. Furthermore, K36 could downregulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the subsequent production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Based on our findings, K36 possessed potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiphotodamage, and even antiphotocarcinogenesis activities. Thus, K36 has the potential to be used to multifunctional skin care products and drugs.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Procyanidins In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2963
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Yixuan Chen ◽  
Yangfan Zheng ◽  
Jiawen Zhao ◽  
Huilin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Cells

This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of procyanidins (PCs). In vitro, rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) were exposed to PCs (1, 2 or 4 μg/mL) or N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) (20 μM) for 24 h, and then incubated with 200 μM of H2O2 for 24 h. Compared with H2O2 alone, PCs significantly increased antioxidant activities (e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) accumulation and increased the expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). In vivo, zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) were exposed to NAC (30 μM) or PCs (4, 8 or 16 μg/mL) in the absence or presence of 300 μM of H2O2 for 4 days. Compared with H2O2 alone, PCs enhanced antioxidant activities (e.g., GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD), decreased levels of ROS and MDA, and enhanced Nrf2/ antioxidant response element (ARE) activation and raised expression levels of NQO1, HO-1, GCLM, and GCLC. In conclusion, these results indicated that PCs exerted neuroprotective effects via activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and alleviating oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Protection against Ultraviolet A-Induced Skin Apoptosis and Carcinogenesis through the Oxidative Stress Reduction Effects of N-(4-bromophenethyl) Caffeamide, A Propolis Derivative

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueh-Hsiung Kuo ◽  
Hung-Lung Chiang ◽  
Po-Yuan Wu ◽  
Yin Chu ◽  
Qiao-Xin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Ultraviolet A

Ultraviolet A (UVA) is a major factor in skin aging and damage. Antioxidative materials may ameliorate this UV damage. This study investigated the protective properties of N-(4-bromophenethyl) caffeamide (K36H) against UVA-induced skin inflammation, apoptosis and genotoxicity in keratinocytes. The protein expression or biofactor concentration related to UVA-induced skin damage were identified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. K36H reduced UVA-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 translocation into the nucleus to upregulate the expression of heme oxygenase-1, an intrinsic antioxidant enzyme. K36H inhibited UVA-induced activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, reduced the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 and elevated the expression of the metalloproteinase-1 tissue inhibitor. Moreover, K36H inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun and downregulated c-Fos expression. K36H attenuated UVA-induced Bax and caspase-3 expression and upregulated antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 expression. K36H reduced UVA-induced DNA damage. K36H also downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 expression as well as the subsequent generation of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide. We observed that K36H ameliorated UVA-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and antiphotocarcinogenic activity. K36H can potentially be used for the development of antiphotodamage and antiphotocarcinogenic products.

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