scholarly journals Effect of the Enrichment of Corn Oil With alpha- or gamma-Tocopherol on Its In Vitro Digestion Studied by 1H NMR and SPME-GC/MS; Formation of Hydroperoxy-, Hydroxy-, Keto-Dienes and Keto-E-epoxy-E-Monoenes in the More alpha-Tocopherol Enriched Samples

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Alberdi-Cedeño ◽  
María L. Ibargoitia ◽  
María D. Guillén
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Main Components

The aim of this study is the analysis of the in vitro digestion of corn oil, and of the effect of its enrichment with three levels of gamma- and alpha-tocopherol, by using, for the first time, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and a solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The attention is focused on the hydrolysis degree, the degradation of oil’s main components, the occurrence of oxidation reactions and main compounds formed, as well as on the bioaccessibility of oil’s main components, of compounds formed in the oxidation, and, of gamma- and alpha-tocopherol. The lipolysis levels reached are high and show a similar pattern in all cases. The oxidation of corn oil components during in vitro digestion is proven, as is the action of gamma-tocopherol as an antioxidant and alpha-tocopherol as a prooxidant. In the more alpha-tocopherol enriched samples, hydroperoxy-, hydroxy-, and keto-dienes, as well as keto-epoxy-monoenes and aldehydes, are generated. The bioaccessibility of the oil’s main components is high. The compounds formed in the oxidation process during in vitro digestion can also be considered bioaccessible. The bioaccessibility of alpha-tocopherol is smaller than that of gamma-tocopherol. The concentration of this latter compound remains unchanged during the in vitro digestion of the more alpha-tocopherol enriched oil samples.

scholarly journals Study of the In Vitro Digestion of Olive Oil Enriched or Not with Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds. Relationships between Bioaccessibility of Main Components of Different Oils and Their Composition

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Alberdi-Cedeño ◽  
María L. Ibargoitia ◽  
María D. Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Main Components

The changes provoked by in vitro digestion in the lipids of olive oil enriched or not with different phenolic compounds were studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). These changes were compared with those provoked in the lipids of corn oil and of virgin flaxseed oil submitted to the same digestive conditions. Lipolysis and oxidation were the two reactions under consideration. The bioaccessibility of main and minor components of olive oil, of phenolic compounds added, and of compounds formed as consequence of the oxidation, if any, were matters of attention. Enrichment of olive oil with antioxidant phenolic compounds does not affect the extent of lipolysis, but reduces the oxidation degree to minimum values or avoids it almost entirely. The in vitro bioaccessibility of nutritional and bioactive compounds was greater in the olive oil digestate than in those of other oils, whereas that of compounds formed in oxidation was minimal, if any. Very close quantitative relationships were found between the composition of the oils in main components and their in vitro bioaccessibility. These relationships, some of which have predictive value, can help to design lipid diets for different nutritional purposes.

scholarly journals A Global Study by 1H NMR Spectroscopy and SPME-GC/MS of the in Vitro Digestion of Virgin Flaxseed Oil Enriched or not with Mono-, Di- or Tri-Phenolic Derivatives. Antioxidant Efficiency of These Compounds

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Jon Alberdi-Cedeño ◽  
María L. Ibargoitia ◽  
María D. Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Efficiency ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Oil Components

The effect of enriching virgin flaxseed oil with dodecyl gallate, hydroxytyrosol acetate or gamma-tocopherol on its in vitro digestion is studied by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance and solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The extent and pattern of the lipolysis reached in each sample is analyzed, as is the bioaccessibility of the main oil components. None of the phenolic compounds provokes inhibition of the lipase activity and all of them reduce the lipid oxidation degree caused by the in vitro digestion and the bioaccessibility of oxidation compounds. The antioxidant efficiency of the three tested phenols is in line with the number of phenolic groups in its molecule, and is dose-dependent. The concentration of some minor oil components such as terpenes, sesquiterpenes, cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartenol is not modified by in vitro digestion. Contrarily, gamma-tocopherol shows very low in vitro bioaccessibility, probably due to its antioxidant behavior, although this increases with enrichment of the phenolic compounds. Oxidation is produced during in vitro digestion even in the presence of a high concentration of gamma-tocopherol, which remains bioaccessible after digestion in the enriched samples of this compound.

scholarly journals The Effect of Carnosol, Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid on the Oxidative Stability of Fat-Filled Milk Powders throughout Accelerated Oxidation Storage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Katerina Tzima ◽  
Nigel P. Brunton ◽  
Noel A. McCarthy ◽  
Kieran N. Kilcawley ◽  
David T. Mannion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
Antioxidant Potency ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

The in vitro antioxidant effects of the most potent antioxidants of rosemary, namely carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid (c: ca: ra) were assessed in fat-filled milk powders (FFMPs) under accelerated conditions (40 °C and relative humidity (RH) 23%) over 90 days. Lipid oxidation was assessed in FFMPs by measuring peroxide values (PVs), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and aroma volatiles using headspace (HS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant potency of c: ca: ra exhibited a concentration-related effect (308 ppm > 200 ppm > 77 ppm), with the highest concentration being the most effective at controlling the formation of TBARS and PVs. At a concentration of 308 ppm c: ca: ra were particularly effective (p < 0.05) in inhibiting all the evaluated oxidation indices (primary and secondary) compared to the control samples, but in some cases less effectively (p < 0.05) than butylated hydroxyanisole: butylated hydroxytoluene (BHA: BHT) (200 ppm).

Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursenem Karaca ◽  
Betül Demirci ◽  
Fatih Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.

scholarly journals Comparison of flavour fingerprint, electronic nose and multivariate analysis for discrimination of extra virgin olive oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 190002
Author(s):  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Shaomin Liu ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Huanlu Song
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Virgin Olive Oils ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
Coefficient Method

Flavour is a special way to discriminate extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from other aroma plant oils. In this study, different ratios (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 100%) of peanut oil (PO), corn oil (CO) and sunflower seed oil (SO) were discriminated from raw EVOO using flavour fingerprint, electronic nose and multivariate analysis. Fifteen different samples of EVOO were selected to establish the flavour fingerprint based on eight common peaks in solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry corresponding to 4-methyl-2-pentanol, ( E )-2-hexenal, 1-tridecene, hexyl acetate, ( Z )-3-hexenyl acetate, ( E )-2-heptenal, nonanal and α-farnesene. Partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was used to differentiate EVOOs and mixed oils containing more than 20% of PO, CO and SO. Furthermore, better discrimination efficiency was observed in PLS-DA than PCA (70% of CO and SO), which was equivalent to the correlation coefficient method of the fingerprint (20% of PO, CO and SO). The electronic nose was able to differentiate oil samples from samples containing 5% mixture. The discrimination method was selected based on the actual requirements of quality control.

scholarly journals A study by 1H NMR on the influence of some factors affecting lipid in vitro digestion

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Nieva-Echevarría ◽  
Encarnación Goicoechea ◽  
María J. Manzanos ◽  
María D. Guillén
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Colombian fusel oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Montoya ◽  
Jairo Durán ◽  
Fernando Córdoba ◽  
Iván Darío Gil ◽  
Carlos Alexander Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fusel Oil ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Main Components

By-products valorization in bio-fuels industry is an important issue for making the global process more efficient, more profitable and closer to the concept of biorefinery. Fusel oil is a by-product of bioethanol production that can be considered as an inexpensive and renewable raw material for manufacturing value-added products. In this work, results in terms of composition and physicochemical properties of six samples of fusel oil from industrial alcohol facilities are presented. Composition of the main components was established by gas chromatography. Complementary techniques, such as headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were used for detection of minor components. Fifty-five compounds were identified. Physicochemical properties such as density, acid value, moisture content and true boiling point curves were determined. Results are useful in the conceptual design of separation strategies for recovering higher alcohols, as well as to consider new options of valorization alternatives for fusel oil.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Influence of High Glucose Environment on the Metabolism of Neuronal Immortalized Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Colombaioni ◽  
Beatrice Campanella ◽  
Riccardo Nieri ◽  
Massimo Onor ◽  
Edoardo Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Cell Culture Medium ◽  
Immortalized Cells ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

In this work the effect of glucose concentration on the metabolome of living hippocampal HN9.10e neurons was studied. This cell line represents a reliable, <i>in vitro </i>model of one of the most vulnerable regions of central nervous system. Targeted metabolites were analyzed in the cell culture medium by two direct methods, namely liquid chromatography – diode array detection and headspace – solid phase micro extraction – gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Twenty-two metabolites were simultaneously identified and quantified in the growth medium of the cells, treated with 25, 50 or 75 mM glucose, sampled along 8 days to mimic a prolonged hyperglycemia. The results of statistical analysis showed the clear impairment of neuronal metabolism already after 48 hours, represented by a significant reduction of the metabolic activity.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Active Constituents in Callus of Lavandula angustifolia plant in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2(SI)) ◽  
pp. 0591
Author(s):  
Zainab Salman et al.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Callus Tissues

This study was conducted to describe a protocol for the callus establishing culture of Lavandula angustifolia plant and estimating their content of volatile oil. The quantity of volatile oil callus tissues was compared with that of leaves production. Callus was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Benzyl adenine (BA) in different concentrations. Maximum callus fresh weight was obtained in the combination of 10 mg/L BA and 3 mg/L NAA which reached 18 g after four weeks. The results of this work showed that the  quantity of volatile oil from the highest fresh weight callus was 6 ml compared with quantity of 18g of leaves which gave 0.5 ml. Volatile oil of leaf and callus extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry method (GC-MS) which showed linoleic acid (56.61%) and oleic acid (57.93%) as main components.

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