scholarly journals Antioxidants as a Potential Target against Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Alvarez-Arellano ◽  
Nadia González-García ◽  
Marcela Salazar-García ◽  
Juan Carlos Corona
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Psychostimulants and non-psychostimulants are the medications prescribed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, several adverse results have been linked with an increased risk of substance use and side effects. The pathophysiology of ADHD is not completely known, although it has been associated with an increase in inflammation and oxidative stress. This review presents an overview of findings following antioxidant treatment for ADHD and describes the potential amelioration of inflammation and oxidative stress using antioxidants that might have a future as multi-target adjuvant therapy in ADHD. The use of antioxidants against inflammation and oxidative conditions is an emerging field in the management of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, antioxidants could be promising as an adjuvant ADHD therapy.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds for the Management of Parkinson’s Disease and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Corona
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown aetiology. The pathogenic mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein dysfunction, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and abnormal deposition of α-synuclein. Currently, the existing pharmacological treatments for PD cannot improve fundamentally the degenerative process of dopaminergic neurons and have numerous side effects. On the other hand, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and is characterised by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The aetiology of ADHD remains unknown, although it has been suggested that its pathophysiology involves abnormalities in several brain regions, disturbances of the catecholaminergic pathway, and oxidative stress. Psychostimulants and nonpsychostimulants are the drugs prescribed for the treatment of ADHD; however, they have been associated with increased risk of substance use and have several side effects. Today, there are very few tools available to prevent or to counteract the progression of such neurological disorders. Thus, therapeutic approaches with high efficiency and fewer side effects are needed. This review presents a brief overview of the two neurological disorders and their current treatments, followed by a discussion of the natural compounds which have been studied as therapeutic agents and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects, in particular, the decrease in oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Piracetam as an Adjuvant Therapy on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Alavi ◽  
Elham Shirazi ◽  
Maryam Akbari ◽  
Zahra Shahrivar ◽  
Fatemeh-Sadat Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Stimulants are highly effective in controlling symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but 30% of individuals with ADHD do not respond to them or cannot tolerate their side effects; thus, alternative treatment approaches need to be considered. Objectives: To evaluate the effect and safety of piracetam as an adjuvant therapy plus methylphenidate (MPH) in children with ADHD. Methods: Thirty-six children with ADHD (6-16 years old), admitted to three academic outpatient child psychiatric clinics in the second half of 2015, were randomly assigned to the “methylphenidate plus piracetam group” and the “methylphenidate plus placebo” group, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, for 6 weeks. The “Conner’s Parents’ Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R), Children Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI-I), and Children’ Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) were completed at baseline and at the ends of the third and the sixth week, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute side effect forms were completed weekly, as outcome measures. Results: The level of improvement in CPRS-R, CSI-4, and CGI-I scales were significantly higher in the “methylphenidate plus piracetam” group compared with the “methylphenidate plus placebo” group. Side effects were not remarkable in any group. Conclusions: Piracetam as a short-term adjuvant treatment to methylphenidate can have considerable therapeutic effect and safety profile in children with ADHD and deserves further exploration to assess its potentialities in ADHD treatment.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and oxidative stress: A short term follow up study

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Guney ◽  
Fatih Hilmi Cetin ◽  
Murat Alisik ◽  
Huseyin Tunca ◽  
Yasemin Tas Torun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Male Adolescent Substance Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Eme
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Deviant Peer Affiliation ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

Approximately, one-third of male adolescents in treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD) also have an Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This strongly suggests that ADHD is a major risk factor for the development of SUD which practitioners must address if they are to provide adequate treatment for adolescents with SUD/ADHD. This paper supports a causal role for ADHD in the development of SUD and examines the developmental mechanisms whereby ADHD increases risk for SUD. These mechanisms include increased risk for conduct disorder, academic failure, deviant peer affiliation, engaging in risk behaviors, and self-medication. Assessment and treatment recommendations for those comorbid for SUD/ADHD are provided.

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