scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Astaxanthin on the Hepatic Oxidative Stress Response Caused by Episodic Hyperoxia in Rainbow Trout

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Tatiana Kalinowski ◽  
Laurence Larroquet ◽  
Vincent Véron ◽  
Lidia Robaina ◽  
María Soledad Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Feeding Trial

A 13-week feeding trial was carried out with juvenile rainbow trout to test two diets: a control diet without astaxanthin (AX) supplementation (CTRL diet), and a diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of synthetic AX (ASTA diet). During the last week of the feeding trial, fish were exposed to episodic hyperoxia challenge for 8 consecutive hours per day. Episodic hyperoxia induced physiological stress responses characterized by a significant increase in plasma cortisol and hepatic glycogen and a decrease in plasma glucose levels. The decrease of plasma glucose and the increase of hepatic glycogen content due to episodic hyperoxia were emphasized with the ASTA diet. Hyperoxia led to an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the muscle, diminished by dietary AX supplementation in both liver and muscle. Muscle and liver AX were increased and decreased respectively after 7-day episodic hyperoxia, leading to an increase in flesh redness. This augment of muscle AX could not be attributed to AX mobilization, since plasma AX was not affected by hyperoxia. Moreover, hyperoxia decreased most of antioxidant enzyme activities in liver, whereas dietary AX supplementation specifically increased glutathione reductase activity. A higher mRNA level of hepatic glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase in trout fed the ASTA diet suggests the role of AX in glutathione and thioredoxin recycling and in de novo glutathione synthesis. Indeed, dietary AX supplementation improved the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in liver. In addition, the ASTA diet up-regulated glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA level in the liver, signaling that dietary AX supplementation may also stimulate the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway that produces NADPH, which provides reducing power that counteracts oxidative stress. The present results provide a broader understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary AX is involved in the reduction of oxidative status.

scholarly journals Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Chen Bao ◽  
Quan Shen ◽  
Yi-Qun Fang ◽  
Jian-guo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Cell Counts

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore whether a single deep helium-oxygen (heliox) dive affects physiological function.Methods: A total of 40 male divers performed an open-water heliox dive to 80 m of seawater (msw). The total diving time was 280 min, and the breathing helium-oxygen time was 20 min. Before and after the dive, blood and saliva samples were collected, and blood cell counts, cardiac damage, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial activation, and hormonal biomarkers were assayed.Results: An 80 msw heliox dive induced a significant increase in the percentage of granulocytes (GR %), whereas the percentage of lymphocytes (LYM %), percentage of intermediate cells (MID %), red blood cell number (RBC), hematocrit (hCT), and platelets (PLT) decreased. During the dive, concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), a myocardial-specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in serum and amylase alpha 1 (AMY1), and testosterone levels in saliva increased, in contrast, IgA levels in saliva decreased. Diving caused a significant increase in serum glutathione (GSH) levels and reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels but had no effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels.Conclusion: A single 80 msw heliox dive activates the endothelium, causes skeletal-muscle damage, and induces oxidative stress and physiological stress responses, as reflected in changes in biomarker concentrations.

Stream habitat and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) physiological stress responses to streamside clear-cut logging in British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Mellina ◽  
Scott G Hinch ◽  
Edward M Donaldson ◽  
Greg Pearson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

The impacts associated with streamside clear-cut logging (e.g., increased temperatures and sedimentation, loss of habitat complexity) are potentially stressful to stream-dwelling fish. We examined stream habitat and rainbow trout physiological stress responses to clear-cut logging in north-central British Columbia using 15 streams divided into three categories: old growth (reference), recently logged (clear-cut to both banks 1–9 years prior to the study), and second growth (clear-cut 25–28 years prior to the study). We used plasma cortisol and chloride concentrations as indicators of acute stress, and interrenal nuclear diameters, impairment of the plasma cortisol response, and trout condition and length-at-age estimates as indicators of chronic stress. No statistically significant acute or chronic stress responses to streamside logging were found, despite increases in summertime stream temperatures (daily maxima and diurnal fluctuations) and a reduction in the average overall availability of pool habitat. Our observed stress responses were approximately an order of magnitude lower than what has previously been reported in the literature for a variety of different stressors, and trout interrenal nuclear diameters responses to the onset of winter were approximately five times greater than those to logging. The overall consistency of our results suggests that the impacts of streamside clear-cut logging are not acutely or chronically stressful to rainbow trout in our study area.

Enzyme activities associated with oxidative stress in Metarhizium anisopliae during germination, mycelial growth, and conidiation and in response to near-UV irradiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D Miller ◽  
Drauzio Rangel ◽  
Gilberto UL Braga ◽  
Stephan Flint ◽  
Sun-Il Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

Metarhizium anisopliae isolates have a wide insect host range, but an impediment to their commercial use as a biocontrol agent of above-ground insects is the high susceptibility of spores to the near-UV present in solar irradiation. To understand stress responses in M. anisopliae, we initiated studies of enzymes that protect against oxidative stress in two strains selected because their spores differed in sensitivity to UV-B. Spores of the more near-UV resistant strain in M. anisopliae 324 displayed different isozyme profiles for catalase–peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase when compared with the less resistant strain 2575. A transient loss in activity of catalase–peroxidase and glutathione reductase was observed during germination of the spores, whereas the intensity of isozymes displaying superoxide dismutase did not change as the mycelium developed. Isozyme composition for catalase–peroxidases and glutathione reductase in germlings changed with growth phase. UV-B exposure from lamps reduced the activity of isozymes displaying catalase–peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in 2575 more than in 324. The major effect of solar UV-A plus UV-B also was a reduction in catalase–peroxidases isozyme level, a finding confirmed by measurement of catalase specific activity. Impaired growth of M. anisopliae after near-UV exposure may be related to reduced abilities to handle oxidative stress.Key words: catalase–peroxidase, germination, glutathione reductase, Metarhizium anisopliae, near-UV, protein oxidation, superoxide dismutase.

scholarly journals Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Status Following a Handball Game in Elite Male Players

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Popp Marin ◽  
Rita de Cassia Macedo dos Santos ◽  
Anaysa Paola Bolin ◽  
Beatriz Alves Guerra ◽  
Elaine Hatanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background. Handball is considered an intermittent sport that places an important stress on a player's aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. However, the oxidative stress responses following a handball game remain unknown. We investigated the responses of plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant system and oxidative stress biomarkers following a single handball game.Methods. Fourteen male elite Brazilian handball athletes were recruited in the present study. Blood samples were taken before, immediately, and 24 hours after the game.Results. After the game and during 24 hours of recovery, the concentration of all oxidative stress indices changed significantly in a way indicating increased oxidative stress in the blood (thiol groups and reduced glutathione decreased, whereas TBARS and plasma antioxidant capacity was increased) as well as in erythrocyte (increased levels of TBARS and protein carbonyls). Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were also significantly changed by handball. Muscle damage indices (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) increased significantly after exercise. In addition, IL-6 increased after the game, whereas TNF-αdecreased during recovery.Conclusion. This study demonstrates that a single handball game in elite athletes induces a marked state of oxidative stress evidenced by the oxidative modification in plasma and erythrocyte macromolecules, as well as by changes in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant system.

scholarly journals Antioxidant system response, mineral element uptake and safe utilization of Polygonatum sibiricum in cadmium-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Kang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Haibo Dai ◽  
Mengdi Xie ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
System Response ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Underground Part ◽  
Element Uptake

AbstractChinese herbal medicine is widely cultivated in Southwest China, where the soil cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland is more serious than that in China as a whole. In this study, Polygonatum sibiricum was exposed to Cd at concentrations of e−1, e0, e2, and e4 mg/kg for 30, 60, and 90 days, and the physiological stress responses, Cd and mineral element uptake, antioxidant enzyme activities, and content changes of pharmaceutical ingredients (polysaccharides) were analyzed to decipher the feasibility of safe utilization in Cd-contaminated soil. The results show that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in the aboveground part was always higher than that in the underground part. The underground part of Polygonatum sibiricum mobilizes nonenzymatic systems to facilitate the synthesis of polysaccharides (PCP1, PCP2) with antioxidant properties to cope with Cd stress. Mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn) significantly (p < 0.05) changed after 90 d of cultivation. In particular, the changes in the iron and zinc content were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the activities of SOD and POD. Soil Cd at e0 mg/kg can guarantee the safe production and utilization of Polygonatum sibiricum, and the stimulation of Cd promotes polysaccharide synthesis and biomass growth.

Latent Oxidative Stress Responses of Ozone-Fumigated Cucumber Plants Are Enhanced by Simultaneous Cold Exposures

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Peter Streb ◽  
Hermann Schaub ◽  
Jürgen Feierabend
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Car Exhaust ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Oxidative Stress Responses

Abstract Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) were grown under controlled conditions and fumigated with either O3, diluted automobile exhaust or a combination of both. The ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was estimated as a measure of PSII activity Activities of the enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase and guaiacol-dependent peroxidase and contents of the antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione were assayed as potential indicators of oxidative stress. The behavior of catalase and of PSII are of particular diagnostic interest because they require continuous repair in light. Exposures of up to 13 days to moderate concentrations of the pollutant gases alone did not induce striking changes in any of the activities that were assayed. A lso when the plants were subjected to an additional stress treatment by exposing them to 4 short cold treatments (2h each at 0 - 4 °C in light on days 12-15 after sowing) which induced marked declines of the Fv/Fm ratio, the chlorophyll content and the catalase activity, these cold-induced symptoms of photodamage were not significantly enhanced by the fumigation treatments. However, increases of the activities of glutathione reductase and peroxidase observed during a period of recovery following the cold-exposures were markedly higher in O3-fumigated plants, as compared to plants grown in filtered air or fumigated with car exhaust alone. The results emphasize that effects of moderate pollutant exposures may be latent or delayed over long time periods and that defence responses can be enhanced when plants are exposed to additional, naturally occurring stress situations.

scholarly journals Protective effects of dietary arginine supplementation against oxidative stress in weaned piglets

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2253-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Gang Tian ◽  
Yuheng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Oxidative Stress Responses

Oxidative stress is detrimental to animals. Previous studies have indicated that arginine (Arg) may function as a potential substance against oxidative stress. The present study was conducted to explore the potential mechanisms behind the Arg-induced protective effects against oxidative stress in piglets. A total of thirty-six piglets were randomly allocated to six groups with six replicates per group. Piglets were subjected to three dietary treatments (namely two groups per treatment) in week 1 and fed with a basal diet (ArgL) or the basal diet supplemented with 0·8 % (ArgM) or 1·6 % (ArgH)l-Arg, respectively. On day 8, piglets were injected intraperitoneally either with diquat (10 mg/kg body weight) or sterile saline. The whole trial lasted 11 d. Results showed that dietary Arg supplementation did not affect growth performance in week 1. Oxidative stress significantly decreased the growth performance of piglets (P< 0·05). However, ArgH attenuated the negative effects of oxidative stress on feed intake and significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity in the liver under oxidative stress (P< 0·05). Both ArgM and ArgH enhanced the activities of plasma glutathione peroxidases and superoxide dismutases and decreased the IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA level in the liver under oxidative stress (P< 0·05). The present study not only shows that Arg can function as a potential nutrient to alleviate oxidative stress responses through the enhancement of antioxidant capacity, and inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokines, but the results also suggest that alleviation of oxidative stress responses using dietary nutrient components deserves further attention in the future.

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