scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Ricinine from Ricinus communis Leaves

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Liliane Nebo ◽  
Rosa M. Varela ◽  
João B. Fernandes ◽  
Miguel Palma
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sample Ratio

The alkaloid ricinine (3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone) is found in different parts of the Ricinus communis plant and is known to possess several bioactive properties, including strong antioxidant activity. In this study, a new microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed for the recovery of ricinine from R. communis leaves. The extraction variables studied were extraction temperature (between 125 °C and 175 °C), microwave power (between 500 W and 1000 W), extraction time (between 5 min and 15 min), extraction solvent (between 10% and 90% of EtOAc in MeOH), and solvent-to-sample ratio (between 25:1 mL and 50:1 mL of solvent per gram of the sample). On studying the effects of extraction variables, both solvent and liquid-to-solid ratio were found to exhibit the highest effects on ricinine recovery. A fast (15 min) microwave-assisted extraction method was developed (high temperatures can be applied because the stability of ricinine is proven in the literature), allowing for the recovery of ricinine from R. communis leaves. The study revealed that R. communis leaves had almost 1.5 mg g−1 (dried weight) of ricinine.

scholarly journals Effects of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.)

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Ao Shang ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
Ren-You Gan ◽  
Xiao-Yu Xu ◽  
Yu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Sample Ratio

In this study, the effects of microwave-assisted extraction conditions on antioxidant capacity of sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.) were studied and the antioxidants in the extract were identified. The influences of ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio, microwave power, extraction temperature and extraction time on Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value and total phenolic content (TPC) were investigated by single-factor experiments. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the interaction of three parameters which had significant influences on antioxidant capacity including ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio and extraction time. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from sweet tea were found as follows—ethanol concentration of 58.43% (v/v), solvent-to-sample ratio of 35.39:1 mL/g, extraction time of 25.26 min, extraction temperature of 50 ℃ and microwave power of 600 W. The FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of the extract under the optimal conditions were 381.29 ± 4.42 μM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 613.11 ± 9.32 μM Trolox/g DW and 135.94 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. In addition, the major antioxidant components in the extract were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), including phlorizin, phloretin and trilobatin. The crude extract could be used as food additives or developed into functional food for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Study on Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Radix astragali

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1634-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Liang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Radix Astragali ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Orthogonal Test Design

In this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed for the extraction of polysaccharides from Radix Astragali (PRA). The extraction parameters that influenced the extraction yield of PRA were optimized by orthogonal test design. The results showed that the optimal MAE conditions were as followings: liquid-solid ratio of 18 ml/g, irradiation time of 8 min, irradiation power of 300 W and extraction temperature of 65°C, while extraction yield of PRA was 8.39 %. The developed MAE method provided a good alternative for the extraction of PRA.

scholarly journals Effects of Microwave Power on Extraction Kinetic of Anthocyanin from Blueberry Powder considering Absorption of Microwave Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongkun Xue ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Xiaorui Wang ◽  
Liuyang Shen ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Simulation Results

Microwave power as directly controlled parameter determines the absorption of microwave energy inside extraction vial and the yield of objective component in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of microwave powers on the yield of anthocyanin from blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) powder based on the absorption of microwave energy in extracts under MAE. Rising microwave powers have little effect on the distribution of microwave energy in extraction vial, but increase its temperature. The simulation results indicated that strength of electrical field tends to decay trend along with microwave irradiation; however, temperatures have the highest level in center location in an extraction vial. High microwave power strongly breaks cell wall of blueberry to open diffusion route of interior anthocyanin toward extraction solvent. A critical extraction temperature of 50.75±0.88°C is obtained with the highest anthocyanin yield under MAE. Three monomers of anthocyanin including pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin are, respectively, of the highest content of 1.02 μg/mL, 0.66 μg/mL, and 0.31 μg/mL. The research results contribute to the improvement of efficiency of microwave energy and yield of anthocyanin.

scholarly journals Microwave – Assisted Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid from Coffee liberica L

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Q. Borja ◽  
Marylou M Uy ◽  
Jose Salvador Lim ◽  
Matthew Edson Ong ◽  
Alejandro Miguel Ros
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Taguchi Design ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Effect On Yield

This study applied microwave-assisted extraction of chlorogenic acid (CGA) from Coffee liberica L. using ethanol as solvent. It sought to determine the effects of temperature, extraction time, solvent-to-solid ratio, and solvent concentration on the CGA yield expressed as gallic acid equivalent per litre (mg GAE L-1). The values of these factors were varied at three levels each and experiments were implemented using the L934 orthogonal array of the Taguchi design of experiment. Results showed that increasing the solvent-to-solid ratio from 2.5 to 7.5 mL g--1decreased the yield significantly. Conversely, increasing the solvent concentration from 0.6 to 0.7 (v v-1) increased the yield, but beyond this, lower yield was obtained. Likewise, yield increased when the extraction time was increased from 5 to 7 minutes but decreased subsequently when extraction was extended to 10 minutes. Temperature did not show significant effect on yield. Among the factors tested the solvent- to-solid ratio has the most significant effect on yield, followed by solvent concentration and extraction time while temperature had no significant effect. In the Taguchi design the highest yield of 304.90±0.58 mg GAE L-1 was obtained at 90°C, extraction time of 7 minutes, solvent-to-solid ratio of 2.5 mL g-1 and solvent concentration of 0.8 (v v-1). Using the same extraction temperature and time and solvent-to-solid ratio but lower solvent concentration, the confirmatory run resulted is significantly higher yield of 854.35±3.35 mg GAE L-1. Chlorogenic acid was identified in the extract at a concentration of 3152 mg L-1. By applying Soxhlet extraction using the same solvent concentration and solvent-to-solid ratio at the same temperature as that of the confirmatory run the yield was significantly lower at 570.42±5.3 mg GAE L-1.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ionic Liquid Based Simultaneous Ultrasonic- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Rutin and Quercetin from Leaves of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) by Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjian Zhao ◽  
Zhicheng Lu ◽  
Chunying Li ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Influential Parameters

An ionic liquids based simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction (ILs-UMAE) method has been proposed for the extraction of rutin (RU), quercetin (QU), from velvetleaf leaves. The influential parameters of the ILs-UMAE were optimized by the single factor and the central composite design (CCD) experiments. A 2.00 M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4mim]Br) was used as the experimental ionic liquid, extraction temperature 60°C, extraction time 12 min, liquid-solid ratio 32 mL/g, microwave power of 534 W, and a fixed ultrasonic power of 50 W. Compared to conventional heating reflux extraction (HRE), the RU and QU extraction yields obtained by ILs-UMAE were, respectively, 5.49 mg/g and 0.27 mg/g, which increased, respectively, 2.01-fold and 2.34-fold with the recoveries that were in the range of 97.62–102.36% for RU and 97.33–102.21% for QU with RSDs lower than 3.2% under the optimized UMAE conditions. In addition, the shorter extraction time was used in ILs-UMAE, compared with HRE. Therefore, ILs-UMAE was a rapid and an efficient method for the extraction of RU and QU from the leaves of velvetleaf.

scholarly journals Application of Ionic Liquids in the Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Lemon Peels

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Guolin ◽  
Shi Jeffrey ◽  
Zhang Kai ◽  
Huang Xiaolan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from lemon peels by using ionic liquid as alternative solvent was investigated. The extracted pectin was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The extraction conditions were optimized through the different experiments in conjunction with the response surface methodology. A pectin yield of 24.68 % was obtained under the optimal parameters: the extraction temperature of 88°C, the extraction time of 9.6 min, and a liquid-solid ratio of 22.7 ml⋅g-1. The structure of the pretreated lemon peel samples and the samples after microwave-assisted extraction were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope.

Ultrasound-Microwave Assisted Extraction and Separation of Ricinus communis Allergen from Castor Bean Meal

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 721-725
Author(s):  
Ai Lin Zhang ◽  
Chang Lu Wang ◽  
Yu Feng Hu ◽  
Zhi Jiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Bean Meal

The influence of ultrasound-microwave during extraction of Ricinus communis(L）allergen from castor bean meal (CBM) was investigated. The method was successfully applied for the ultrasound- microwave assisted extraction (UME) of allergen from CBM. The corresponding extraction parameters including the extraction temperature, ultrasonic-microwave power and extraction time were investigated. The CBM was crushed, sifted, ground and suspended for 4 h in 25% ethanol water (1:4) at room temperature followed by ultrasound-microwave. The yield, polysaccharose and protein contents were determined after each processing step. The purity of extracted allergen was tested through HPLC and the Sephadex G-100 and Tricine-SDS-PAGE detection with unique electrophoresis strip documented that allergen was purifed.. The paper describes the conditions of the temperature,time,and microwave-power for the method reliability with UME and suitablilty for the effective extraction of allergen from CBM.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll from Filter Mud of Sugercane Mill and Component Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Rong Guo ◽  
Shao Ying Ma ◽  
Xiao Fei Wang ◽  
Er Fang Ren ◽  
Yuan Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Filter Mud ◽  
Strong Absorption Peak

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract chlorophylls from filter mud. Ethanol was used as the solvent. The optimal conditions for the MAE of chlorophylls were concluded from the study as the irradiation time, 50 s, the ratio of liquid to solid, 8:1 (mL/g), the extraction temperature, 40 °C, and the extraction time, 60 min. Compared with conventional extraction, the MAE of chlorophylls from the filter mud was more effective. The extraction time for MAE was 60 min with 0.277 mg/g chlorophyll yield, while conventional extraction needed 240 min with only about 0.259 mg/g chlorophyll yield. The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of the extracted chlorophylls showed that there was a strong absorption peak at about 663 nm. C=N, Mg-N and C-N was not seen existed from the infrared spectroscopy probably because that the mixed extracts were not purified and the chlorophyll content was less.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiaodi Ma ◽  
Qibin Cheng ◽  
Xiaoli Xi ◽  
Liwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted significant attention as green media for the extraction and separation of natural compounds from Chinese medicine. In this study, a hydrophobic DESs-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was successfully used to efficiently extract baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Firstly, DecA: N4444-Cl (DES-1 , molar ratio 1 : 2) was screened and selected as the most appropriate DES by comparing the extraction yield in different hydrophobic DESs. Based on the extraction yield of baicalin, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model and optimize the parameters (extraction temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time). Furthermore, the maximum yield of 106.96 mg·g−1 was achieved under optimum conditions in DES-containing aqueous solutions (33 vol% water content), which reached a similar level that was conducted using the pharmacopoeia procedure (104.94 mg·g−1). These results indicated that the proposed method is an excellent alternative for the extraction of baicalin.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted extraction of non-polar compounds from pistachio hull and characterization of extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Özbek ◽  
D. Koçak Yanık ◽  
S. Fadıloğlu ◽  
H. Keskin Çavdar ◽  
F. Göğüş
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods were used to obtain non-polar compounds from pistachio hull. MAE parameters (liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were studied to obtain maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions were found to be liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 (v/w), microwave power of 250 W and extraction time of 12.5 min. The extraction yields were 9.81 and 9.50% for MAE and Soxhlet methods, respectively. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tocopherol content of the extract obtained by MAE was found to be significantly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract (p < 0.05). The results showed that the extract contained α-tocopherols (567.65 mg/kg) and oleic acid (48.46%) as the major tocopherols and fatty acids. These findings propose that hull extracts can be considered as a good source of natural bioactive compounds and MAE can be a good alternative to the traditional Soxhlet method.

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