scholarly journals Recovery of Polyphenols from Brewer’s Spent Grains

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rares I. Birsan ◽  
Peter Wilde ◽  
Keith W. Waldron ◽  
Dilip K. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Spent Grain

The recovery of antioxidant polyphenols from light, dark and mix brewer’s spent grain (BSG) using conventional maceration, microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction was investigated. Total polyphenols were measured in the crude (60% acetone), liquor extracts (saponified with 0.75% NaOH) and in their acidified ethyl acetate (EtOAc) partitioned fractions both by spectrophotometry involving Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Irrespective of the extraction methods used, saponification of BSG yielded higher polyphenols than in the crude extracts. The EtOAc fractionations yielded the highest total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 3.01 ± 0.19 to 4.71 ± 0.28 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of BSG dry weight. The corresponding total polyphenols quantified by LC-MS/MS ranged from 549.9 ± 41.5 to 2741.1 ± 5.2 µg/g of BSG dry weight. Microwave and ultrasound with the parameters and equipment used did not improve the total polyphenol yield when compared to the conventional maceration method. Furthermore, the spectrophotometric quantification of the liquors overestimated the TPC, while the LC-MS/MS quantification gave a closer representation of the total polyphenols in all the extracts. The total polyphenols were in the following order in the EtOAc fractions: BSG light > BSG Mix > BSG dark, and thus suggested BSG light as a sustainable, low cost source of natural antioxidants that may be tapped for applications in food and phytopharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for the Determination of the Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Cynara Scolymus and C. Cardunculus Extracts and Infusions

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Kollia ◽  
Panagiota Markaki ◽  
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis ◽  
Charalampos Proestos
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Extracts and infusions of wild artichoke ( Cynara cardunculus L.) and globe artichoke ( C. scolymus L.) (heads, bracts and stems) were examined for their total phenolic content (TPC) and their antioxidant activity after performing Classical Extraction (CE) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). UAE proved to be more effective, since extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity and TPC values than CE extracts and infusions. Moreover C. cardunculus heads extract using UAE, displayed the maximum TPC values (1.57 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g−1 fresh weight (fw)), the highest DPPH• scavenging activity (IC50; 0.91mg mL−1) and the highest ABTS•+ radical scavenging capacity (2.08 mg Trolox Equivalents (TE) g−1 fw). Moreover, the effect of different concentrations of C. cardunculus head extracts (showing the highest TPC and antioxidant activity) on Aspergillus parasiticus growth was estimated in AFPA medium. The maximum inhibition was found to be ~42.1% in comparison with the control.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Myrtus communis L. Pericarp

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bouaoudia-Madi ◽  
Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf ◽  
Khodir Madani ◽  
Artur M.S. Silva ◽  
Sofiane Dairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of phenolics from pericap of Myrtus communis using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The results were compared with those obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) methods. The individual compounds of the optimized extract obtained by UAE were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). The yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was affected more significantly by ethanol concentration, irradiation time, liquid solvent-to-solid ratio (p < 0.0001) and amplitude (p = 0.0421) and optimal parameters conditions set by the RSM model were 70% (v/v), 7.5 min and 30%, respectively. The experimental yield of TPC (241.66 ± 12.77 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) confirmed the predicted value (235.52 ± 9.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), allowing also to confirm the model validity. Under optimized conditions, UAE was more efficient than MAE and CSE in extracting antioxidants, which comprised mostly myricetin glycosides. Globally, the present work demonstrated that, compared to MAE and CSE, UAE is an efficient method for phenolic extraction from M. communis pericarp, enabling to reduce the working time and the solvent consumption.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF GREEN EXTRACTION METHODS TO RESVERATROL EXTRACTION FROM PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) SKIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
REZI RIADI SYAHDI ◽  
RATNA NADYANA ◽  
RIZQI HERU PUTRI ◽  
ROSEDIANA SANTI ◽  
ABDUL MUN’IM
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Solid Liquid

Objective: This study compared the maceration extraction method with non-conventional extraction methods such as ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE).Methods: To obtain resveratrol, various conditions were optimized: Solvent types (organic solvent [i.e. 70% ethanol] and green solvents [i.e. naturaldeep eutectic solvent (NADES) and ionic liquid (IL)]) and extraction methods. The resveratrol content in the extracts was analyzed by high-performanceliquid chromatography.Results: It was determined that resveratrol extracted by UAE with NADES was composed of choline chloride–oxalic acid when the followingconditions were used: The solid/liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) and the extraction time of 15 min. These conditions produced higher resveratrol content(0.049 mg/g dry weight) than that using MAE with 70% ethanol (0.011 mg/g dry weight). However, the maceration method yielded the highestamount of resveratrol (0.221 mg/g dry weight), and MAE with IL produced the smallest amount of resveratrol (0.157 × 10−3 mg/g dry weight).Conclusion: Peanut skin extracted using the maceration method produced the highest amount of resveratrol compared to that using other methods.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Orange By-Product

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Razola-Díaz ◽  
Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Celia Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Ana María Gómez-Caravaca ◽  
Belén García-Villanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Orange peel (OP) is the main by-product from orange juice industry. OP is a known source of bioactive compounds and is widely studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-rheumatic, anti-diabetic and cardioprotective activities. Thus, this research focuses on the establishments of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds in orange peel using a sonotrode; objective framed in the European SHEALTHY (non-thermal physical technologies to preserve healthiness of fresh and minimally processed fruit and vegetables) project. For this purpose, a Box Behnken design of 27 experiments was carried out with 4 independent factors (ratio ethanol/water, time (min), amplitude (%) and pulse (%)). Quantitative analyses of total phenolic compounds (TPC) were performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS and DPPH methods. The validity of the experimental design was confirmed by ANOVA and the optimal sonotrode extraction conditions were obtained by response surface methodology. The optimal extracts were characterized by HPLC coupled to mass spectrometer detectors. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity was obtained using 45/55 ethanol/water (v/v), 35 min, amplitude 90% (110 W) and pulse 100%. The established method allows the extraction of 30.42 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of total phenolic compounds from OP; this value suppose an increment up to 60% higher than conventional extraction.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of Phenolic Compounds from Citrus latifolia Waste for Chitosan Bioactive Nanoparticles Development

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Medina-Torres ◽  
Hugo Espinosa-Andrews ◽  
Stéphane Trombotto ◽  
Teresa Ayora-Talavera ◽  
Jesús Patrón-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Citrus Latifolia ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Bioactive Phenols-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PL-CNps) were developed by ionic gelation from Persian lemon (Citrus latifolia) waste (PLW) and chitosan nanoparticles. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) conditions for the total phenolic compounds (TPC) recovery from PLW (58.13 mg GAE/g dw), evaluating the ethanol concentration, extraction time, amplitude, and solid/liquid ratio. Eight compounds expressed as mg/g dry weight (dw) were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled photo diode array (UPLC-PDA) analysis: eriocitrin (20.71 ± 0.09), diosmin (18.59 ± 0.13), hesperidin (7.30 ± 0.04), sinapic acid (3.67 ± 0.04), catechin (2.92 ± 0.05), coumaric acid (2.86 ± 0.01), neohesperidin (1.63 ± 0.00), and naringenin (0.44 ± 0.00). The PL-CNps presented size of 232.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.182, Z potential of −3.8 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 81.16%. The results indicated that a synergic effect between phenolic compounds from PLW and chitosan nanoparticles was observed in antioxidant and antibacterial activity, according to Limpel’s equation. Such results indicate that PLW in such bioprocesses shows excellent potential as substrates for the production of value-added compounds with a special application for the food industry.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Kiwi Juice Pomace for the Recovery of Natural Antioxidants through Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya Carbone ◽  
Tiziana Amoriello ◽  
Rosamaria Iadecola
Keyword(s):  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Back Propagation Algorithm ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Assisted Extraction

In a completely green approach to the exploitation of kiwi juice pomace (KP), a microwaved-assisted extraction (MAE) process was performed to extract antioxidant compounds present in KP, evaluating the influence of four independent process variables (temperature (T), extraction time (E), solvent composition (C), and solid-to-solvent ratio (R)) on the response of total phenolic content (TPC). The optimal conditions for the green extraction of total polyphenols from KP were obtained using a three-level fractional factorial design under response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with desirability optimization, and a feed-forward multilayered perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) with a back-propagation algorithm. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using the regression method. Results showed that T was the most influential factor, followed by R and C, whereas the extraction time (E) was not shown to have a significant linear effect on the extraction yield of total polyphenols (TPs). The optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all responses were found out (T: 75 °C; E: 15 min; C: 50% ethanol:water; R: 1:15), and under these conditions the obtained extract showed both a high bioactive compound content and a high antioxidant potential, pointing out how this by-product could become an inexpensive source of compounds with high added value. A very good agreement was observed between experimental and calculated extraction yields, thus supporting the use of these models to quantitatively describe the recovery of natural antioxidants from KP. Finally, the ANN model exhibited more accurate prediction and better generalization capabilities than the RSM model (R2: 0.90 and 0.99, for RSM and ANN, respectively).

Comparison of Various Extraction Techniques of Medicago sativa: Yield, Antioxidant Activity, and Content of Phytochemical Constituents

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Krakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Rafińska ◽  
Justyna Walczak ◽  
Tomasz Kowalkowski ◽  
Bogusław Buszewski
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients

Abstract Medicago sativa L. (M. sativa) is a source of many valuable secondary metabolites. Extraction yield and the concentration of phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins, as well as antioxidant potential were determined in extracts from different parts of M. sativa obtained using extraction methods such as maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The concentrations of the listed groups of compounds were spectrophotometrically determined and confirmed by HPLC-MS. The results showed that ASE of flowers with 70% ethanol (EtOH) provided the highest yield of extraction (47.5 ± 4.0%), whereas the lowest yield was obtained in stems (4.0 ± 0.2%). The 70% EtOH extract from flowers showed the highest phenolic content [48.4 ± 4.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry matter (DM)], as well as the highest antioxidant activity. The highest total flavonoid content (139.0 ± 7.1 mg rutin equivalents/g DM) was observed in the extract from leaves obtained through SFE. This extract was also especially rich in saponins [622.2 ± 30.3 mg oleanolic acid equivalents (OAE)/g DM]. However, the lowest compound content was observed in maceration extracts from stems (54.6 ± 27.0 mg OAE/g DM). The results suggest that EtOH extracts from alfalfa flowers and SFE extracts from M. satvia leaves, especially, may serve as potential sources of natural antioxidants for nutraceuticals, food additives, and cosmetic ingredients.

scholarly journals Extraction of Phenolics and Flavonoids from Four Hosta Species Using Reflux and Ultrasound-Assisted Methods with Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junwei He ◽  
Liangfa Wu ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Boyuan Zhao ◽  
Chunlong Li
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

The total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) from the genus Hosta with antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were reported for the first time. Sixteen extracts from the aboveground and underground parts of the four Hosta species, including H. plantaginea, H. ventricosa, H. ensata, and H. albofarinosa, using reflux extraction (RE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques have high TPC and TFC with good antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Furthermore, no significant differences on extraction yields, TPC, and TFC were found between RE and UAE techniques. Additionally, extracts from the aboveground parts of the four Hosta species had higher TPC, TFC, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to the underground parts by means of RE or UAE techniques. Lastly, the extracts of H. albo-marginata displayed a very remarkable α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to the positive control acarbose. The relationships of sixteen extracts of the four Hosta species were analyzed by RE and UAE techniques between extraction yields, TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The present study demonstrated that H. plantaginea, H. ventricosa, H. ensata, and H. albofarinosa could be new sources of natural antioxidants and antidiabetes for pharmaceutical and industrial purposes.

scholarly journals Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Parameters on Total Polyphenols and Its Antioxidant Activity from Mango Residues (Mangifera indica L. var. Manililla)

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Anahí J. Borrás-Enríquez ◽  
Elizabeth Reyes-Ventura ◽  
Socorro J. Villanueva-Rodríguez ◽  
Lorena Moreno-Vilet
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Central Point ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Sonication Time ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Manililla is a mango variety whose residues contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, with high added value. The use of environmentally friendly extraction technology would be of great relevance; hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of solvent relation, sonication time and amplitude on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of total polyphenols in Manililla mango residues (peel, endocarp and kernel) and antioxidant activity. An experimental design 23 with a central point was used to evaluate the curvature behavior of the process variables. Conventional maceration was used as a control. The better conditions were obtained at the central point using 50% ethanol in water, 60% amplitude and 20 min of sonication time. We obtained values of up to 1814 mg GAE/100 g, 469 mg GAE/100 g and 672 mg GAE/100 g of total polyphenols and 1228 mg QE/100 g, 653 mg QE/100 g and 880 mg QE/100 g of total flavonoids for peel, endocarp and kernel, respectively. Mangiferin was quantified in ultrasound-assisted extraction at 150 mg/g in peel and 0.025 mg/g in the kernel, but it was not detectable in maceration. An antioxidant capacity of 87%, 14% and 83% inhibition for peel, endocarp and kernel, respectively, were obtained. Peel and kernel were the residues with higher potential as extraction material, while endocarp was not.

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