scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Crude Extracts of Moringa oleifera from Kenya and Their Correlations with Flavonoids

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Bing Xu ◽  
Gui-Lin Chen ◽  
Ming-Quan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
No Production ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) is commonly distributed and utilized in tropical and sub-tropical areas. There has been a large number of reports on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of its leaves, but only a few about its seeds and roots. Hence, in this work we aimed to systematically compare the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol crude extracts of leaves, seeds, and roots of M. oleifera from Kenya, and further correlate the differential activities with the chemical constituents from these three parts. The antioxidant activities were measured by using three different assays (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power), respectively). Results showed that the leaf extracts displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP total reducing power activities with IC50 values of 1.02 ± 0.13 mg/mL and 0.99 ± 0.06 mM Fe2+/g, respectively; the leaf and root extracts exhibited potential ABTS radical scavenging activities with the IC50 values of 1.36 ± 0.02 and 1.24 ± 0.03 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the leaf and seed extracts (11.1–100 µg/mL) also exerted obvious anti-inflammatory activities, as indicated by the inhibition of NO production. To further reveal correlations between these differential activities with the chemical constituents in the three organs, the total flavonoids content (TFC) of the three different extracts were evaluated, and the TFC of leaves, seeds and roots were found to be 192.36 ± 2.96, 5.89 ± 0.65 and 106.79 ± 2.12 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. These findings indicated the important impacts of the total flavonoid contents on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, we further determined the phytochemical profiles of M. oleifera by HPLC-UV/ESI-MS/MS, and identified most of the chemical constituents of leaves as flavonoids. In summary, the leaves of M. oleifera are a better potential natural source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, and very promising for development into the health promoting dietary supplements.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of an Epiphyte, Viscum album L. (White Berry Mistletoe), Derived from Different Host Trees

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Mahak Majeed ◽  
Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Mir ◽  
Khalid Rehman Hakeem ◽  
Hesham F. Alharby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

The study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant profile of a medicinal epiphyte Viscum album L. harvested from three tree species, namely, Populus ciliata L, Ulmus villosa L., and Juglans regia L. The crude extracts were obtained with ethanol, methanol, and water and were evaluated for the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities using total reducing power (TRP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1, 1-diphenyl 1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical scavenging (SOR), and hydroxyl radical scavenging (•OH) assays. Our results showed that crude leaf extracts of plants harvested from the host Juglans regia L. exhibited higher yields of phytochemical constituents and noticeable antioxidative properties. The ethanolic leaf samples reported the highest phenols (13.46 ± 0.87 mg/g), flavonoids (2.38 ± 0.04 mg/g), FRAP (500.63 ± 12.58 μM Fe II/g DW), and DPPH (87.26% ± 0.30 mg/mL). Moreover, the highest values for TRP (4.24 ± 0.26 μg/mL), SOR (89.79% ± 0.73 mg/mL), and OH (67.16% ± 1.15 mg/mL) were obtained from aqueous leaf extracts. Further, Pearson correlation was used for quantifying the relationship between TPC, TFC, and antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, SOR, OH) activities in Viscum album L. compared to their hosts. It was revealed that the epiphyte showed variation with the type of host plant and extracting solvent.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Power, and Antibacterial Activity of Herniaria hirsuta from Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenza Ammor ◽  
Dalila Bousta ◽  
Sanae Jennan ◽  
Bahia Bennani ◽  
Abdellah Chaqroune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts for aerial parts of Herniaria hirsuta. Extracts were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three tests: DPPH free radical-scavenging, reducing power, and molybdenum systems. The screening of antibacterial activity of extracts was individually evaluated against sixteen bacteria species using a disc diffusion method. Flavonoids, total phenols, and tannins content were performed for both extracts. It shows higher content in the hydroethanolic extract. The hydroethanolic extract showed a significant antioxidant activity for the three methods studies to the aqueous extract, but nonsignificant results compared to the reference (BHT). However, both extracts have negative effect on the strains studies for the antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Six Flavonoids from Smilax glabra Roxb

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5295
Author(s):  
Xinyu Zhao ◽  
Ruyi Chen ◽  
Yueyue Shi ◽  
Xiaoxi Zhang ◽  
Chongmei Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This study aimed to isolate, prepare and identify the main flavonoids from a standardized Smilax glabra flavonoids extract (SGF) using preparative HPLC, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, determine the contents of these flavonoids using UPLC, then compare their pharmacological activities in vitro. We obtained six flavonoids from SGF: astilbin (18.10%), neoastilbin (11.04%), isoastilbin (5.03%), neoisoastilbin (4.09%), engeletin (2.58%) and (−)-epicatechin (1.77%). The antioxidant activity of six flavonoids were evaluated by determining the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of six flavonoids were evaluated by determining the production of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the NF-κB p65 expression using Western blotting in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that (−)-epicatechin, astilbin, neoastilbin, isoastilbin and neoisoastilbin had strong antioxidant activities, not only in DPPH and ABTS+ radicals scavenging capacities, but in FRAP system. Furthermore, all the six flavonoids could significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, NO (p < 0.01) and the protein expression of NF-κB p-p65 (p < 0.01) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This study preliminarily verified the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of six flavonoids in S. glabra.

scholarly journals Glycemic Response and Bioactive Properties of Gluten-Free Bread with Yoghurt or Curd-Cheese Addition

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Carla Graça ◽  
Joana Mota ◽  
Ana Lima ◽  
Ricardo Boavida Ferreira ◽  
Anabela Raymundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The influence of flour replacement by yogurt or curd-cheese additions (from 10% to 20%, w/w) on the glycemic response and bioactivity improvements of gluten-free bread was evaluated. Starch digestibility, measured by an in vitro digestion model, was applied to determine the effect on starch fractions. The bread glycemic index was calculated. Bread antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods) and total phenolic compounds were assessed. Anti-inflammatory properties according to enzymatic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 inhibitory activity were also studied. Considering the higher level of both dairy products tested (20%, w/w) and comparing with control bread results, a reduction of around 35% in the glycemic response of curd cheese bread was achieved, resulting in intermediate index level (glycemic index (GI) 55–69), with yogurt bread still showing a high glycemic index (GI > 70). In terms of bread bioactivity, curd cheese bread expressed better reducing power effects, whereas yogurt bread showed more effective radical-scavenging capacity. An increase in bread phenolic compounds by yogurt (55.3%) and curd cheese (73.0%) additions (at 20%) were also registered. MMP-9 inhibition activity was higher in the dairy bread than in control bread, suggesting an improvement in terms of anti-inflammatory properties. The supplementation of the gluten-free bread by yogurt or curd cheese was shown to be a promising strategy to reduce the glycemic response and to improve the bioactive properties of the bread, that which can contribute to preventive diets of celiac patients and irritable bowel syndrome individuals.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents from Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott. and Their Anti–Inflammatory Activities

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjing Dong ◽  
Yanling Geng ◽  
Xueyong Wang ◽  
Xiangyun Song ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
No Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Monoterpene Glycoside ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

One new monoterpene glycoside (1), one new phenyl glycoside (2), one new caffeoyl derivative (3), were isolated from Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott., along with four known compounds (4–7). Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, especially 2D NMR data and comparison with literatures. All isolates were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro. Compounds 3 and 7 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on NO production with IC50 values of 12.2 ± 0.8 and 18.9 ± 0.3 μM, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparison of the Antioxidant Activities and Nutritional Composition of Cucurbita maxima and Vigna unguiculata Leaf Extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
K. K. Sha’a
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Antioxidant activities and nutritional composition are essential ingredients normally considered in the choice of vegetables for human consumption. Leafy vegetables in particular, are regarded as protective foods in human diet due to their many health benefits. The aim of this research was to carry out the quantitative phytochemical screening, the antioxidant activities of extracts and determine the nutritional content of Cucurbita maxima and Vigna unguiculata leaves. Quantitative phytochemical screening were conducted using standard techniques. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine antioxidant activities of these extracts. Nutritional composition was determined using standard procedures.  Quantitative analysis revealed the phytochemicals in C. maxima and V. unguiculata as; saponins (1.03%, and 1.34%), tannins (3.49% and 2.60%), terpenoids (0.0% and 0.47%), flavonoids (2.81% and 4.11%), alkaloids (5.72% and 3.5%), phenols (4.02% and 3.83%) respectively. There was a significant (p=0.05) difference in radical scavenging activity of ethanol leaf extract of V. unguiculata comprared to C. maxima. In FRAP both plants’ extract revealed a good antioxidant reducing power at 100mg/ml (range 0.40 to 0.5 absorbance) at 700nM. Antioxidant activities of extracts is attributed to their flavonoid and phenolic contents. Proximate analysis revealed the nutrients for C. maxima and V. unguiculata as; crude protein (11.58% and 14.83%), crude fat (0.47% and 0.61%), ash (4.11% and 3.72%), crude fiber (6.95 and 4.68%), moisture (1.03% and 1.38%), carbohydrate (75.86% and 74.78%) respectively. This shows that the leaves are a good source of energy to both humans and animals. Also, both vegetables revealed good percentages of proteins which can be used to compliment other sources of protein.

scholarly journals Mint Oils: In Vitro Ability to Perform Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Luciana Rossi ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The objectives of the study were to test the biological activities of peppermint and spearmint oils via (i) measuring in vitro anti-inflammatory effects with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), (ii) determining the barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 by analyzing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), (iii) testing their antioxidant activities, and (iv) investigating the antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18+. Briefly, (i) macrophages were seeded at 106 cells/mL and treated (24 h) with mint oils and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The treatments were 2 (0 or 1 μg/mL of LPS) × 5 (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL of mint oils). The supernatants were collected for TNF-α and IL-1β measurement by ELISA; (ii) IPEC-J2 cells were seeded at 5 × 105 cells/mL and treated with mint oils (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). TEER (Ωcm2) was measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h; (iii) the antioxidant activity was assessed (0, 1, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 600 mg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays; (iv) overnight-grown ETEC F18+ were quantified (CFU/mL) after supplementing with peppermint and spearmint oils (0, 1.44, 2.87, 5.75, 11.50, and 23.00 mg/mL). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Both mint oils significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) IL-1β and TNF-α secretion from LPS-stimulated PAMs. Mint oil treatments did not affect TEER in IPEC-J2. Spearmint and peppermint oils exhibited (p < 0.05) strong antioxidant activities in DPPH and reducing power assays. Both mint oils also dose-dependently inhibited (p < 0.05) the growth of ETEC F18+ in vitro. The results of the study indicated that both mint oils are great candidate feed additives due to their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in vivo.

scholarly journals Optimization of Phenolic Compound Extraction from Chinese Moringa oleifera Leaves and Antioxidant Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Zhao ◽  
Jiawen Deng ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Yaqiang He ◽  
Tao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ultrasonic Extraction ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Rich in phenolic compounds, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (ME) exhibits significant antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. ME has already been widely used in fields of medicine, functional food, and cosmetics. Ultrasonic extraction (UE) method has been improved to be one of the most effective ways to extract phenols from M. oleifera leaves. The purpose of this study was to optimize ultrasonic extraction of phenols by response surface methodology (RSM). Four parameters were discussed, such as ethanol concentration, solvent-sample ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time. Also, purification methods of the crude ME by organic solvent extraction and column chromatography were examined. Antioxidant activities of ME and each fraction were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxy radical-scavenging activities and reducing power. The phenol content of the purified ME reached up to 962.6 mg RE/g, extremely higher than the crude extract 107.22 ± 1.93 mg RE/g. The antioxidant activity of the purified ME was also significantly improved. Furthermore, phenols were identified by using the HPLC-MS method, and the results showed that there were 6 phenolic acids and derivatives and 7 flavonoids in ME. Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from ME showed excellent DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging abilities, which were comparable to VC.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Sarcocarp of Cotoneaster multiflorus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangping Liu ◽  
Jia Jia ◽  
Xuemin Jing ◽  
Guoliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Water Fraction

The ethanol-water (7 : 3, v/v) extract of Cotoneaster multiflorus sarcocarp was sequentially fractionated by liquid-liquid partition using n-hexane, diethyl ether, methylene dichloride, and ethyl acetate. The contents of total polyphenols, total flavones, and oligomeric proanthocyanidins in the five parts (including the ethanol-water extract) were determined. In addition, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation decolorization, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays were conducted to test the antioxidant activities of Sample 1 (the ethanol-water fraction) and Sample 2 (the ethyl acetate fraction) in vitro. In the above five assays, Sample 2 showed greater antioxidant capacities than Sample 1. Furthermore, Sample 2 was better able to protect low-density lipoproteins from oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The test results show that C. multiflorus sarcocarp, especially the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, may be a potential source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Antioxidative and Potentially Anti-inflammatory Activity of Phenolics from Lovage Leaves Levisticum officinale Koch Elicited with Jasmonic Acid and Yeast Extract

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Złotek ◽  
Urszula Szymanowska ◽  
Łukasz Pecio ◽  
Solomiia Kozachok ◽  
Anna Jakubczyk
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Inhibition Ability

The effect of elicitation with jasmonic acids (JA) and yeast extract (YE) on the production of phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic extracts of lovage was evaluated. The analysis of phenolic compounds carried out with the UPLC-MS technique indicated that rutin was the dominant flavonoid, while 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the main component in the phenolic acid fraction in the lovage leaves. The application of 10 µM JA increased the content of most of the identified phenolic compounds. The highest antioxidant activities estimated as free radical scavenging activity against ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and reducing power were determined for the sample elicited with 10 µM JA, while this value determined as iron chelating ability was the highest for the 0.1% YE-elicited lovage. The 0.1% and 1% YE elicitation also caused significant elevation of the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition ability, while all the concentrations of the tested elicitors significantly improved the ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) (best results were detected for the 10 µM JA and 0.1% YE2 sample). Thus, 0.1% yeast extract and 10 µM jasmonic acid proved to be most effective in elevation of the biological activity of lovage.

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