scholarly journals Water- and Fat-Soluble Antioxidants in Human Seminal Plasma and Serum of Fertile Males

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzarino ◽  
Ilaria Listorti ◽  
Gabriele Bilotta ◽  
Talia Capozzolo ◽  
Angela Amorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Human Seminal Plasma ◽  
Serum Ratio

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiologically involved in functions like sperm maturation, capacitation and acrosome reaction, but their excess is involved in male infertility. Antioxidants in seminal plasma (SP) are an important factor balancing physiologic and harmful ROS activities. In this study, we determined and compared the full profiles of the water- and fat-soluble antioxidants in SP and serum of 15 healthy fertile subjects (ranging between the ages of 35 and 42 years). Ejaculates were obtained after 2–5 days of sexual abstinence. After liquefaction and withdrawal of an aliquot for the sperm count, samples were centrifuged to obtain SP. Thirty min after semen donation, a venous blood sample was collected from each subject. Donors with lower SP concentrations of ascorbic acid (n = 5) or α-tocopherol (n = 5) received a 4 week oral administration of either vitamin C (100 mg/day) or vitamin E (30 mg/day). They were then re-assayed to determine the SP and serum levels of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. SP and serum samples were properly processed and analyzed by HPLC methods suitable to determine water (ascorbic acid, glutathione (GSH) and uric acid) and fat-soluble (all-trans-retinoic acid, all-trans-retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids and coenzyme Q10) antioxidants. Data demonstrate that only ascorbic acid is higher in SP than in serum (SP/serum ratio = 4.97 ± 0.88). The other water-soluble antioxidants are equally distributed in the two fluids (GSH SP/serum ratio = 1.14 ± 0.34; uric acid SP/serum ratio = 0.82 ± 0.12). All fat-soluble antioxidants are about 10 times less concentrated in SP than in serum. In donors treated with vitamin C or vitamin E, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol significantly increased in both fluids. However, the SP/serum ratio of ascorbic acid was 4.15 ± 0.45 before and 3.27 ± 0.39 after treatment, whilst those of α-tocopherol were 0.11 ± 0.03 before and 0.10 ± 0.02 after treatment. The results of this study, by showing the peculiar composition in water- and fat-soluble antioxidants SP, indicate that it is likely that still-unknown mechanisms allow ascorbic acid accumulation in SP against a concentration gradient. SP mainly relies its defenses on water- rather than fat-soluble antioxidants and on the mechanisms ensuring their transfer from serum.

Vitamin E and Cardiovascular Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (05) ◽  
pp. 758-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Marchioli
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
First Line ◽  
Ldl Particles

SummaryInterest in the use of antioxidants for the treatment of human disease, and in the role of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of disease development, has been sustained for at least two decades. Several anti-oxidant protective mechanisms exist and constitute a primary defensive system including enzymatic defences (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, which depend on the presence of ions such as selenium, zinc, copper, and manganese) and naturally occurring vita-mins such as vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. The most important natural antioxidants are vitamin E (in the form of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols), beta-carotene, vitamin C and selenium (fundamental constituent of glutathione-peroxidase, i.e., an enzyme with antioxidant function). The first two are lipophilic substances whilst ascorbic acid is hydrophilic. Each antioxidant has a different important mechanism of action since oxidative damage can be caused by lipid- or water-soluble molecules. Lipid-soluble antioxidants are likely to be very important in preventing the peroxidation of low-density lipo-proteins (LDL) and this action could be paramount in the prevention of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, water-soluble antioxidants could be useful where a water-soluble oxidative stress occurs (e.g., inflammation). As lipophilic molecules, vitamin E and beta-carotene are incorporated into the LDL particle. Vitamin E is the main lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant in plasma and tissues and converts the peroxyl-free radical to hydroperoxide, a less reactive radical. It acts as a first-line anti-oxidative defence of LDL particles, protecting unsatu-rated fatty acids from peroxidation. Beta-carotene is a carotenoid (precursor of vitamin A, pro-vitamin) that acts as scavenger of oxidising radicals such as singlet oxygen and is a second-line antioxidative defence of LDL cholesterol. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) can react with singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and is the first line of antioxi-dative defence in water-soluble compartments. In addition, it plays an important role in regenerating reduced -tocopherol.

scholarly journals Role of ascorbic acid in human seminal plasma against the oxidative damage to the sperms

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyali Das ◽  
A. R. Choudhari ◽  
A. Dhawan ◽  
Ramji Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Human Seminal Plasma

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Antioksidan Vitamin C Dan E Terhadap Konsentrasi Spermatozoa Mencit (Mus Musculus) Yang Dipapar Asap Rokok

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ervina Wati Harahap ◽  
Normalina Sandora ◽  
Winarto Winarto
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species

Free radical that are released in cigarette smoke, believed to play an important role in male infertility. The free radicalproduces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that is found increased in male smokers. ROS is one of the free radicalscomponent can be neutralized by vitamin C and E as an antioxidant. This study using those agents to the fifteen minuteshalf piece cigarette to expose mice and count their sperm as the fertilility parameter. The research design used was posttest-only control group with twenty mice were divided into five groups. A group of no smoke exposed was categorizedas a baseline control, the exposed groups were consisted of one group without antioxidant, one group with vitamin Ctreatment, a group of vitamin E treatment and at last the combination of vitamin C and E. All groups were treatedfor fourteen days. The results were analyzed using oneway ANOVA with p<0.05. It is obviously proven that thecombination of vitamin C and vitamin E treatment on the usual dose gave the highest sperm count compared to othergroups.

INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NOVATEK SOLUB K-MAX FERTILIZER ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER QUALITIES OF APPLE FRUITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
D. R.  Useynov ◽  
E. F. Chelebiev ◽  
О. A. Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Apple Fruits

The article presents data on the study of the effect of foliar water-soluble mineral fertilizer NOVATEK Solub K-Max 10-5-30 on the biochemical composition and commercial quality of apple fruits. A rise in vitamin C from the introduction of NOVATEK at a rate of 2.5 kg/ha indicates the effectiveness of this drug for optimizing the content of ascorbic acid in fruits. An increase in the content of monosaccharides and a decrease in disaccharides were found for all the studied rates of consumption of agrochemicals. The use of mineral fertilizer “Novatek Solub K-Max” contributed to increase the dry weight of fruits. The application of this mineral fertilizer is recommended for inclusion in the industry regulations for Apple cultivation as one of the elements of the technology. 

Fortification of low-fat chicken meat patties with calcium, vitamin E and vitamin C

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Mehta ◽  
B . D. Sharma ◽  
R. R. Kumar ◽  
Pavan Kumar ◽  
Om Prakash Malav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chicken Meat Patties ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
Chicken Patties

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a chicken product that could supply calcium, vitamin E and vitamin C together with high sensory acceptability. The present study was envisaged to develop low-fat chicken patties fortified with calcium, vitamin E and vitamin C without any adverse effects on sensory attributes. Design/methodology/approach – Three different levels of calcium lactate as a source of calcium viz. 1.5, 1.75 and 2.0 per cent, α-tocopherol acetate for vitamin E at 0.019, 0.023 and 0.029 per cent and ascorbic acid for vitamin C at 0.09, 0.12 and 0.15 per cent in low-fat chicken meat patties were tried and the optimum level was standardized based on physico-chemical, proximate and sensory parameters. Findings – The calcium lactate at 1.75 per cent, α-tocopherol acetate at 0.029 per cent and ascorbic acid at 0.15 per cent were found to be optimum on the basis of proximate, physico-chemical and sensory parameters. The textural attributes of the standardized product was comparable to that of the control. The a*, b* and Chroma values for the low-fat chicken patties fortified with calcium, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of the control. The calcium and ascorbic acid concentration of the standardized product was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of the control. Originality/value – The levels in the fortified product were found to be suitable to achieve a 20 per cent RDA of calcium and almost a complete RDA for vitamin C. The research findings demonstrated the development of a single-designer chicken product rich in calcium, vitamin C and vitamin E.

scholarly journals P052 Should measurement of ascorbic acid become routine in the management of patients on home parenteral nutrition?

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. e2.58-e2
Author(s):  
Amy-Jo Hooley ◽  
Brandy Cox ◽  
David Devadason ◽  
James Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
List Type ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency

AimTo assess if routine monitoring of vitamin C in long term parenteral nutrition (PN) patients should be routinely carried out, following a case report of a child with clinical vitamin C deficiency.MethodsVitamin C is an essential water soluble nutrient that cannot be synthesised or stored by humans.1 It is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immune- supportive roles,1 Vitamin C levels are depleted in critically ill patients, those with restricted diets, smokers, and those with severe digestive disorders. The stability of micronutrients in PN bags is assumed but rarely confirmed, although a decrease in vitamin C content has been observed when there is a long delay between preparation and packaging.2 The patient, a five year old child stable on long term established full PN presented with a one month gradual reduction in mobility, refusal to weight bear, intermittent temperatures, raised CRP and asymptomatic hypercalcaemia on routine bloods. Investigations included bone profile, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels, and routine sepsis screening. Following the extensive work up for systemic disorders and multiple conversations with orthopaedic and radiology specialists, it was discovered that the patient had bilateral metaphyseal irregularities, which were felt to be in keeping with recognised radiological appearances seen in severe vitamin C deficiency. As a result of this her PN bags were made manufactured and analysed in house quality control laboratory using a method involving UV –vis spectrophotometer to analyse the rate of oxidative decomposition of vitamin C within the bags.ResultsIn the United Kingdom children on long term PN programmes are routinely monitored for selected micronutrient deficiency, but not routinely vitamin C. The vitamin C was increased in the PN to three times the baseline dose for this patient, and a dramatic improvement in the patients symptoms were observed within 5 days, and radiological improvement was noted within 6 weeks after commencing treatment. Unfortunately baseline vitamin C levels were not obtained prior to starting treatment, but levels one month later still showed a significant clinical deficiency. The test bags that were analysed within the laboratory showed that on manufacture the bags contained 48.34 mg/L of ascorbic acid, but by 48 hours this had decreased to 8.5 mg/L.ConclusionVitamin C in PN is at significant risk of degradation by oxidation. Awareness of signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiency and vigilance of micronutrient deficiencies not routinely measured in children on parenteral nutrition is important. Also more research is required into the oxidation rate of vitamin C in PN to establish how much is required within the PN bag to ensure the recommended daily intake in a PN dependent patient.ReferencesCarr AC, Rosengrave PC, Bayer S, Chambers S, Mehrtens J, Shaw GM. Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):300. Published 2017 December 11. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1891-yConroy S, Alsenani A, Sammons H. Factors influencing reported rate of paediatric medication errors. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2014;99:e3. https://adc.bmj.com/content/99/8/e3.19

scholarly journals Effects of coadministration of DHA and vitamin E on spermatogram, seminal oxidative stress, and sperm phospholipids in asthenozoospermic men: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Eslamian ◽  
Naser Amirjannati ◽  
Nazanin Noori ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi ◽  
Azita Hekmatdoost
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Double Blind

ABSTRACT Background It is unknown which compounds in spermatozoa or seminal plasma may be involved in the regulation of sperm motility. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DHA (22:6n–3), vitamin E, and their probable interactions in men with asthenozoospermia. Methods A factorial, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in infertility clinics in Tehran, Iran. The participants were idiopathic asthenozoospermic men aged 20–45 y, with normal endocrine function. Their concentration of spermatozoa and percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa were equal to or above the lower reference limits, according to the fifth edition of the WHO guideline. Out of 717 men referred to the infertility clinics, 180 asthenozoospermic men were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups according to stratified blocked randomization by age and sperm concentration. Participants took daily 465 mg DHA plus 600 IU vitamin E (DE), 465 mg DHA plus placebo (DP), 600 IU vitamin E plus placebo (EP), or both placebo capsules (PP) for 12 wk. Sperm characteristics, oxidative stress of seminal plasma, serum and sperm membrane fatty acids, dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity were measured at baseline and after 12 wk. Results After the intervention, mean ± SD sperm progressive motility was greater in the DE group (27.9 ± 2.8) than in the DP (25.7 ± 3.4), EP (26.1 ± 2.8), and PP (25.8 ± 2.6) groups (P &lt; 0.05). Sperm count (P = 0.001) and concentration (P = 0.044) increased significantly in the DE group compared with the other 3 groups, whereas other semen parameters were not significantly different between the groups after the intervention. Serum concentrations of n–3 PUFAs were significantly higher in the DE and DP groups than in the EP and PP groups. Conclusions Combined DHA and vitamin E supplements led to increased sperm motility; however, no significant changes occurred in sperm morphology and vitality in asthenozoospermic men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01846325.

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