scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10 and Degenerative Disorders Affecting Longevity: An Overview

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mantle ◽  
Iain Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Coq10 Supplementation ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Longevity is determined by a number of factors, including genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. A major factor affecting longevity is the development of degenerative disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease and liver disease, particularly where these occur as co-morbidities. In this article, we review the potential role of supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for the prevention or management of these disorders. Thus, randomised controlled clinical trials have shown supplementation with CoQ10 or CoQ10 plus selenium reduces mortality by approximately 50% in patients with cardiovascular disease, or in the normal elderly population, respectively. Similarly, CoQ10 supplementation improves glycaemic control and vascular dysfunction in type II diabetes, improves renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease, and reduces liver inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The beneficial role of supplemental CoQ10 in the above disorders is considered to result from a combination of its roles in cellular energy generation, as an antioxidant and as an anti-inflammatory agent.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease as Oxidative Stress- and Inflammatory-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Podkowińska ◽  
Dorota Formanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Activation Of Transcription ◽  
Metabolic Products

Generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for both physiology and pathology. An imbalance between endogenous oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress, contributing to vascular dysfunction. The ROS-induced activation of transcription factors and proinflammatory genes increases inflammation. This phenomenon is of crucial importance in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), because atherosclerosis is one of the critical factors of their cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased mortality. The effect of ROS disrupts the excretory function of each section of the nephron. It prevents the maintenance of intra-systemic homeostasis and leads to the accumulation of metabolic products. Renal regulatory mechanisms, such as tubular glomerular feedback, myogenic reflex in the supplying arteriole, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, are also affected. It makes it impossible for the kidney to compensate for water–electrolyte and acid–base disturbances, which progress further in the mechanism of positive feedback, leading to a further intensification of oxidative stress. As a result, the progression of CKD is observed, with a spectrum of complications such as malnutrition, calcium phosphate abnormalities, atherosclerosis, and anemia. This review aimed to show the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in renal impairment, with a particular emphasis on its influence on the most common disturbances that accompany CKD.

scholarly journals The Role of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Cardiovascular Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven M Francque ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in western countries and is closely related to the metabolic syndrome. When NAFLD is associated with hepatocellular damage and inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) it can lead to severe liver disease. However, it has become clear that NAFLD is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), independently of classical known risk factors for the latter. In the current review we briefly summarise the current clinical evidence on the role of NAFLD in CVD and discuss the potential mechanisms by which NAFLD can be linked to the pathophysiology of CVD.

scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for diabetes and its complications: an overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mantle
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation

This article reviews the potential role of dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. The rationale for supplementation with CoQ10 is based on its key roles in cellular energy metabolism and as an antioxidant, and its potential mediation of oxidative stress and inflammation, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Randomised controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that supplementation with CoQ10 can significantly improve glycaemic control, as well as improving vascular dysfunction. Supplementation with CoQ10 may be of particular importance in type 2 diabetics prescribed statins and in those with fatty liver disease. Supplemental CoQ10 is usually well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported in long-term use. The importance of product quality and bioavailability cannot be over-emphasised, since this may be a factor in the disparity of findings from clinical trials supplementing CoQ10.

Have we learnt all from Improve-It? Part I. Core results and subanalyses on the effects of ezetimibe added to statin therapy related to age, gender and selected chronic diseases (kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Fras ◽  
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Very High ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

: IMPROVE-IT (IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial) was a randomized clini- cal trial (18,144 patients) that evaluated the efficacy of the combination of ezetimibe with simvastatin vs simvastatin mono- therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and moderately increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (of up to 2.6-3.2 mmol/L; 100-120 mg/dL). After 7 years of follow-up, combination therapy resulted in an additional LDL-C decrease [1.8 mmol/L, or 70 mg/dL, within the simvastatin (40 mg/day) monotherapy arm and 1.4 mmol/L, or 53 mg/dL for simvastatin (40 mg/day) + ezetimibe (10 mg/day)] and showed an incremental clinical benefit (composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary re- vascularization (≥30 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke; hazard ratio (HR) of 0.936, and 95% CI 0.887-0.996, p=0.016). Therefore, for very high cardiovascular risk patients “even lower is even better” regarding LDL-C, independently of the LDL-C reducing strategy. These findings confirm ezetimibe as an option to treat very-high-risk patients who cannot achieve LDL-C targets with statin monotherapy. Additional analyses of the IMPROVE-IT (both prespecified and post-hoc) include specific very-high-risk subgroups of patients (those with previous acute events and/or coronary revascularization, older than 75 years, as well as patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). The data from IMPROVE-IT also provide reassurance regarding longer-term safety and efficacy of the intensification of li- pid-lowering therapy in very-high-risk patients resulting in very low LDL-C levels. We comment on the results of several (sub) analyses of IMPROVE-IT.

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