scholarly journals Effects of N-Acetyl-Cysteine Supplementation through Drinking Water on the Glutathione Redox Status during the Weaning Transition of Piglets

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Degroote ◽  
Noémie Van Noten ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Stefaan De Smet ◽  
Joris Michiels
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine

This study investigated the effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) supplementation through drinking water on animal performance and the glutathione (GSH) redox system in weaned piglets, particularly in relation to the immediate post-weaning feed intake. To this end, 168 piglets were weaned and either fed ad libitum or fasted the first two days, and either or not administered 200 mg/L NAC via the drinking water until d14 post-weaning. Next to animal performance until day 42 (d42), the GSH redox system was measured in erythrocytes, small intestinal mucosa, liver, lung, and kidney tissue at d0, d2, and d14 post-weaning. Animal performance and GSH levels were not affected by NAC, nor by fasting. Irrespective of treatment, a significant drop in GSH at d2 post-weaning was found as compared to d0, in particular in liver (−69%), distal jejunal mucosa (−72%), and lung tissue (−80%). Post-weaning changes of the GSH redox status were strongly tissue-dependent. To conclude, this research indicates that GSH redox homeostasis was largely affected in multiple organs during the weaning transition. NAC supplementation did not increase GSH levels in any tissue, not even in fasted animals, questioning the fact if cysteine is the first or only limiting factor determining the rate of GSH synthesis in the early post-weaning phase.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Quercetin on the Glutathione Redox System and Small Intestinal Functionality of Weaned Piglets

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Degroote ◽  
Hans Vergauwen ◽  
Noémie Van Noten ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Stefaan De Smet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Small Intestinal

Quercetin has been shown to alleviate mucosal damage and modulate the glutathione (GSH) redox system in the colon of rodents. In the current study, we assessed whether quercetin was able to mitigate small intestinal dysfunction in weaned pigs. Here, 224 weaned piglets were fed a diet containing quercetin at either 0, 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg diet until d14 post-weaning, followed by a common basal diet until d42. Eight animals per treatment were sampled at d5 and d14 post-weaning. In these animals, the small intestinal histomorphology, barrier function, and protein abundance of occludin, caspase-3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were assessed. None of these parameters were affected, and neither did quercetin improve performance up to d42 post-weaning. The GSH redox system was evaluated in blood, small intestinal mucosa, and liver. Quercetin did not affect the glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutamate–cysteine ligase activity in these tissues. In contrast, the hepatic glutathione transferase (GST) activity was significantly increased by quercetin supplementation at d5 post-weaning of 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg. Importantly, d5 was characterized by a more oxidized GSH redox status. To conclude, dietary quercetin had little effect on the small intestine, but did upregulate hepatic GST in the occurrence of redox disturbance.

Clinical Trial Assessment of Intermittent and Continuous Infusion Dose of N-Acetylcysteine on Redox Status of the Body in Patients with Sepsis Admitted to the ICU

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Peivandi Yazdi ◽  
Majid Razavi ◽  
Shahrzad Sheikh ◽  
Nadia Boroumand ◽  
Maryam Salehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antioxidative Effect ◽  
Infusion Group ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: Conflicting results exist regarding the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in sepsis treatment. A pivotal factor affecting the therapeutic potency of NAC in sepsis is timing and dosing of its infusion. We aimed to assess the effect of NAC on redox status of patients with sepsis and to compare its efficacy in intermittent and continuous infusion with the objective of developing the infusion regimen and optimizing the timing. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized clinical trial was designed to compare the antioxidative effect of NAC in intermittent infusion group (IV: 25 mg/kg bolus and then 25 mg/kg/8 hours 3 times) and continuous infusion group (IV: 25 mg/kg bolus and then 75 mg/kg over 24 hours) in 60 critically ill patients with sepsis (20 patients in each group). Blood samples were collected immediately before and after intervention for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assessment. Results: N-acetyl cysteine considerably increased TAC levels in both intermittent (0.68 ± 0.60; P value = .036) and continuous (0.69 ± 0.64; P value = .015) infusion groups when compared to placebo (0.61 ± 0.10); however, the difference in TAC levels between the intermittent and the continuous infusion did not reach statistical significance ( P value = .942). Likewise, NAC treatment decreased MDA levels in both intermittent (19.45 ± 4.18; P value = 0.001) and continuous (22.47 ± 6.68; P value = .002) infusion groups when compared to placebo (31.76 ± 11.06), while the difference in MDA levels between the intermittent and the continuous infusion did not reach statistical significance ( P value = .481). Conclusion: Our data confirmed the antioxidative effect of NAC treatment in patients with sepsis, with no significant difference in intermittent and continuous infusion.

Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 981-987
Author(s):  
Deng Ling Jiang ◽  
Guo Wei Ni ◽  
Yu Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Bacterial Number ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Oligotrophic Condition

The effects of phosphorus and organic carbon on bacterial growth were investigated in the laboratory. The bacteria sampled from the drinking water network of Tianjin were inoculated into water samples with different content of phosphorus (0～15µg PO43--P/L) and assimilable organic carbon (10～200µgAOC/L). The inoculated water samples were incubated at 20°C. Bacterial growth was monitored in every 2 days in the beginning of cultivation and in every 4 days or more in the later of the cultivation. Results showed that Phosphorus had obvious promotion on bacterial growth, which included shortening the lag phase evidently, increasing the growth rate and the maximum cell count in stationary phase. Carbon can only increase bacterial number. Under oligotrophic condition，when ratio of AOC: P in nutrients of water was more than 100:5, phosphorus was the limiting factor of bacterial growth. The bacterial yield factors against phosphorus and AOC were 1.1×109CFU/µgP and 9.0×107CFU/µgAOC respectively. Phosphorus was more sensitive than AOC. When the phosphorus concentration was less than 0.7µg/L in water samples, it was very difficult for bacteria to obtain phosphorus, and then growth of bacteria was very slowly or in lag phase in the first nine days of incubation time. In drinking water with low concentration of phosphorus (<0.7µg/L) and disinfectants, bacterial regrowth may be controlled. The paper will be Narrated in two parts, “Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (1)” and “Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (2)”.

Dosing ratios for reduced bromate formation by dissolved ozone dosing

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
A.W.C. van der Helm ◽  
P.W.M.H. Smeets ◽  
E.T. Baars ◽  
L.C. Rietveld ◽  
J.C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Side Stream

Bromate formation experiments were carried out in a 100 l/h bench-scale dissolved ozone plug flow reactor (DOPFR) with natural filtered water from the drinking water treatment plant Leiduin of Amsterdam Water Supply at gross ozone dosages of 0.7–3.4 mg/l. In the DOPFR, ozone is dosed by intensively mixing a dissolved ozone water flow (side stream) with a test water flow (mainstream). The side stream is pre-treated to remove bromide and DOC and to lower the pH. For full-scale application of the DOPFR concept, it is most cost effective to apply the smallest possible side stream. This research is done to establish the effect of decreasing the ratio of the dissolved ozone side stream to the mainstream from 1:10 to 1:25, by increasing the ozone concentration and decreasing the flow of the side stream. The results show that the dosing ratio has no influence on the bromate formation in the ozone dosing range of 0.7–1.4 mg/l. The gross ozone dosages that are currently applied at the drinking water treatment plant Leiduin are 0.8–1.0 mg/l. This means that for application of dissolved ozone dosing at Leiduin the amount of ozone that can be dissolved in the side stream will be the limiting factor for the minimal flow of the dissolved ozone side stream.

scholarly journals Effect of AT1 receptor blockade on hepatic redox status in SHR: possible relevance for endothelial function?

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. R674-R681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Cediel ◽  
David Sanz-Rosa ◽  
M. Pilar Oubiña ◽  
Natalia de las Heras ◽  
Francisco R. González Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Enos Mrna ◽  
Malonyl Dialdehyde ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

The study investigated whether the amelioration of endothelial dysfunction by candesartan (2 mg·kg-1·day-1; 10 wk) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was associated with modification of hepatic redox system. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was higher ( P < 0.05) in SHR than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and was reduced ( P < 0.05) by candesartan in both strains. Acetylcholine (ACh) relaxations were smaller ( P < 0.05) and contractions induced by ACh + NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) were greater ( P < 0.05) in SHR than in WKY. Treatment with candesartan enhanced ( P < 0.05) ACh relaxations in SHR and reduced ( P < 0.05) ACh + l-NAME contractions in both strains. Expression of aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA was similar in WKY and SHR, and candesartan increased ( P < 0.05) it in both strains. Aortic mRNA expression of the subunit p22phox of NAD(P)H oxidase was higher ( P < 0.05) in SHR than in WKY. Treatment with candesartan reduced ( P < 0.05) p22phox expression only in SHR. Malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher ( P < 0.05), and the ratio reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) as well as glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were lower ( P < 0.05) in liver homogenates from SHR than from WKY. Candesartan reduced ( P < 0.05) MDA and increased ( P < 0.05) GSH/GSSG ratio without affecting GPx. Vessel, lumen, and media areas were bigger ( P < 0.05) in SHR than in WKY. Candesartan treatment reduced ( P < 0.05) media area in SHR without affecting vessel or lumen area. The results suggest that hypertension is not only associated with elevation of vascular superoxide anions but with alterations of the hepatic redox system, where ANG II is clearly involved. The results further support the key role of ANG II via AT1 receptors for the functional and structural vascular alterations produced by hypertension.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Stroke Care and Potential Solutions

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1996-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
David Kung ◽  
Marc Fisher ◽  
Ying Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Prehospital Delays ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose: When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak became paramount, medical care for other devastating diseases was negatively impacted. In this study, we investigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on stroke care across China. Methods: Data from the Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China consisting of 280 hospitals across China demonstrated a significant drop in the number of cases of thrombolysis and thrombectomy. We designed a survey to investigate the major changes during the COVID-19 outbreak and potential causes of these changes. The survey was distributed to the leaders of stroke centers in these 280 hospitals. Results: From the data of Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China, the total number of thrombolysis and thrombectomy cases dropped 26.7% ( P <0.0001) and 25.3% ( P <0.0001), respectively, in February 2020 as compared with February 2019. We retrieved 227 valid complete datasets from the 280 stroke centers. Nearly 50% of these hospitals were designated hospitals for COVID-19. The capacity for stroke care was reduced in the majority of the hospitals. Most of the stroke centers stopped or reduced their efforts in stroke education for the public. Hospital admissions related to stroke dropped ≈40%; thrombolysis and thrombectomy cases dropped ≈25%, which is similar to the results from the Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China as compared with the same period in 2019. Many factors contributed to the reduced admissions and prehospital delays; lack of stroke knowledge and proper transportation were significant limiting factors. Patients not coming to the hospital for fear of virus infection was also a likely key factor. Conclusions: The COVID-19 outbreak impacted stroke care significantly in China, including prehospital and in-hospital care, resulting in a significant drop in admissions, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy. Although many factors contributed, patients not coming to the hospital was probably the major limiting factor. Recommendations based on the data are provided.

Influence of “Sneznik-1/79” Mineral Water on Anthropometric, Functional and Biochemical Parameters of Professional Basketball Players: Role of Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijana Lalovic ◽  
Aleksandra Vranic ◽  
Jovana Jeremic ◽  
Dejan Stanojevic ◽  
Bolevich Sergey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Adequate Hydration

AbstractAdequate hydration represents the balance between the water intake and loss and has an unambiguous significance for public health and it is essential to sustain life. The changes in electrolyte balance which occur during and after training affect on athletes health and performance. Therefore, fluid replacement with adequate mineral composition is of utmost importance. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of low mineral water from the well Sneznik-1/79 on anthropometric, functional, biochemical parameters and redox status of professional basketball players. In total, 17 male basketball players were included, during the pre-competitive mesocycle, and after the initial testing, they were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 – consumed the commercial drinking water for four weeks (n = 7), and group 2 – consumed water from the well Sneznik-1/79 for four weeks (n = 10).Determination of the anthropometric, functional, biochemical parameters and redox status was performed. Our results pointed out that consumption of mineral water from the well Sneznik is completely safe from the aspect of affecting various anthropometric, functional and biochemical parameters as well as systemic oxidative stress of professional athletes. In addition, existence of discretely better effects over commercial drinking water indicates that a long period of monitoring may certainly be of interest for further investigation.

Regulation of N-acetyl cysteine on gut redox status and major microbiota in weaned piglets1

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1504-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Xu ◽  
S. F. Yang ◽  
L. H. Zhu ◽  
X. Cai ◽  
Y. S. Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Status ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine

The use of nutrient bioassays to assess the response of Eucalyptusgrandis to fertilizer application. 2. A field experiment

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Jones ◽  
John Dighton
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Fertilizer Experiment ◽  
Root Bioassay ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Root Response ◽  
Bioassay Data

The nutrient status of a Eucalyptusgrandis Hill ex Maiden field fertilizer experiment in Natal, South Africa, was assessed at 6 and 18 months by a bioassay test in which the rate of influx of 15N, 32P, and 86Rb in roots excised from trees was measured. Fertilizer treatments consisted of all combinations of two levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and trace elements, applied at planting and at either 3 or 6 months. There were also untreated control plots. At 6 months, bioassay influx rates of the three isotopes by the roots were all higher when a nutrient was applied at a lower level than when it was applied at a higher level. Foliar analysis did not indicate that any of the trees were deficient in N, P, or K, although control plants were significantly smaller than fertilized ones. There was no difference in the foliar P or K content between the treatments, although percent N increased with increasing application of N. The greatest difference in the root response between fertilizer levels was in the influx of 15N. Height of the trees was significantly increased by increasing N levels. There was no effect of P or K levels, but there was a negative effect of the combination of high levels of K and trace elements. From the significant drop in root 15N influx following the 6 month fertilizer addition, growth of the trees in response to fertilizer was predicted. At 18 months of age trees receiving their second application of fertilizer at 6 months were as large as those receiving fertilizer at 3 months, confirming growth predictions based on root bioassay data. The bioassay results at 18 months suggested that P may be supplanting N as the major growth limiting factor at this later stage in the development of the stand.

scholarly journals The Impact of N-Acetyl Cysteine and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Antioxidants and Proteome in Fit Thoroughbred Horses

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Henry ◽  
Deborah Velez-Irizarry ◽  
Joe D. Pagan ◽  
Lorraine Sordillo ◽  
Jeff Gandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Redox Capacity ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
The Impact

Horses have one of the highest skeletal muscle oxidative capacities amongst mammals, which, combined with a high glycolytic capacity, could perturb redox status during maximal exercise. We determined the effect of 30 d of oral coenzyme Q10 and N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation (NACQ) on muscle glutathione (GSH), cysteine, ROS, and coenzyme Q10 concentrations, and the muscle proteome, in seven maximally exercising Thoroughbred horses using a placebo and randomized cross-over design. Gluteal muscle biopsies were obtained the day before and 1 h after maximal exercise. Concentrations of GSH, cysteine, coenzyme Q10, and ROS were measured, and citrate synthase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities analyzed. GSH increased significantly 1 h post-exercise in the NACQ group (p = 0.022), whereas other antioxidant concentrations/activities were unchanged. TMT proteomic analysis revealed 40 differentially expressed proteins with NACQ out of 387 identified, including upregulation of 13 mitochondrial proteins (TCA cycle and NADPH production), 4 Z-disc proteins, and down regulation of 9 glycolytic proteins. NACQ supplementation significantly impacted muscle redox capacity after intense exercise by enhancing muscle glutathione concentrations and increasing expression of proteins involved in the uptake of glutathione into mitochondria and the NAPDH-associated reduction of oxidized glutathione, without any evident detrimental effects on performance.

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