scholarly journals Bark of Passiflora edulis Treatment Stimulates Antioxidant Capacity, and Reduces Dyslipidemia and Body Fat in db/db Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marielle Panelli ◽  
Damiana Pierine ◽  
Sérgio de Souza ◽  
Artur Ferron ◽  
Jéssica Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity is considered an important risk factor for several disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, which are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress as a trigger factor. Passiflora edulis contains important bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, carotenoids, vitamin C, and polyamines in pulp, leaves, seeds, and bark. Aim: To evaluate the effect of bark of Passiflora edulis (BPe) on body composition, and metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in genetically obese mice. Methods: Obese male db/db mice (n = 14 animals) received normal feeds and water ad libitum for 8 weeks. Then, animals were randomly divided to continue either receiving standard chow (obese, n = 7 (OB)) or feed with standard chow plus bark Passiflora edulis (BPe) (obese + BPe, n = 7 (OB + BPe)) for 8 more weeks, totaling 16 weeks. BPe was added to chow (7 g of BPe/kg of chow corresponding to 1.5 g/kg of body weight). The parameters evaluated in animals included food and caloric intake, body weight, body fat, plasma glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Malondialdehyde and antioxidant capacity were evaluated in plasma and organs. Groups were compared by Student t-test, with p < 0.05. Results: BPe reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat deposit and adiposity index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, ameliorated the antioxidant capacity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Conclusion: the bark of Passiflora edulis was effective in improving body composition, and metabolic and antioxidant parameters in obese mice.

CASTRATION-INDUCED OBESITY IN MICE.

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz X. Hausberger ◽  
Brigitte C. Hausberger
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Obesity In Mice ◽  
Islet Changes ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

ABSTRACT Body composition and histology of the adrenal cortex and the islets of Langerhans were compared in yellow-obese mice, their intact non-obese littermates and their castrated, originally non-obese littermates. In our colony, yellow females were heavier and fatter than males. Obesity developed in yellow mice of both sexes which were fed a commercial diet containing 12% fat. The extractable body fat of the yellow animals was more than twice as high as that of controls. The fat content of gonadectomized animals was significantly higher than that of the yellow obese mice although their average body weight was slightly less. The adrenal cortex of the castrates showed subcapsular hypertrophy, and the islets of the pancreas were enlarged due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the beta cells. The literature concerning obesity and adrenal cortical and islet changes, after castration, has been reviewed and the thesis has been discussed that cortical changes after castration stimulate accelerated release of insulin and obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of Concurrent Training on Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Obese Individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niara da Silva Medeiros ◽  
Fabiana Guichard de Abreu ◽  
Alana Schraiber Colato ◽  
Leandro Silva de Lemos ◽  
Thiago Rozales Ramis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and increased oxidative stress. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate anthropometric parameters, IR, and oxidative stress in obese individuals subjected to two types of concurrent training at the same intensity but differing in frequency. Accordingly, 25 individuals were divided into two groups: concurrent training 1 (CT1) (5 d/wk) and concurrent training 2 (CT2) (3 d/wk), both with moderate intensity. Anthropometric parameters, IR, and oxidative stress were analyzed before and after 26 sessions of training. Both groups had reduced body weight and body mass index (P<0.05), but only CT1 showed lower body fat percentage and increased basal metabolic rate (P<0.05). Moreover, CT1 had increased HOMA-IR and decreased protein damage (carbonyl level), and CT2 had decreased HOMA-IR and increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS level) (P<0.05). On the other hand, both training protocols reduced the GPx activity. It can be concluded that both types of concurrent training could be an alternative for lowering body weight and BMI. Also, it was observed that concurrent training, depending on the frequency, can contribute to reducing body fat, oxidative damage (protein oxidation), and IR but can induce oxidative damage to lipids. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved.

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Parisa Falsafi ◽  
Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

Protective role of Sterculia tragacantha aqueous extract on pancreatic gene expression and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye ◽  
Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye ◽  
Jennifer Chidera Awurum ◽  
Sunday Amos Onikanni ◽  
Adedotun Adefolalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract Objectives The current study evaluates the protective role of aqueous extract of Sterculia tragacantha leaf (AESTL) on pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67 and GLP-1R) and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced into the experimental Wistar animals via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) and 5% glucose water was given to the rats for 24 h after induction. The animals were categorized into five groups of 10 rats each as follows normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats administered AESTL (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) and diabetic rats administered metformin (200 mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Thereafter, the animals were euthanized, blood sample collected, pancreas harvested and some pancreatic gene expressions (such as insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R)s as well as oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. Results The results revealed that AESTL significantly (p<0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose level, food and water intake, and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats administered different doses of AESTL showed a substantial upsurge in body weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, and pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R). Conclusions It can therefore be concluded that AESTL has the ability to protect the pancreas during diabetes mellitus conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Intestinal Integrity, and Immune Responses in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheol Jang ◽  
Kwang Kim ◽  
Young Jang ◽  
Yoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, intestinal integrity, and the immunological and oxidative stress parameters in weaning pigs. A total of 64 newly weaning pigs (initial body weight: 6.96 ± 0.70 kg) were allotted to two dietary treatments in eight replicates per treatment with four pigs per pen based on body weight and sex. Dietary treatments were 1.) CON (control: corn-soybean meal based basal diet) and 2.) β-mannanase (basal diet +0.06% β-mannanase). The β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, concentrations of acute phase protein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, the pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet had greater ATTD of ether extract, jejunum villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and lower crypt depth compared with those fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). The pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet tended to have the lower count of E. coli in cecum than those fed the CON diet (p = 0.08). In conclusion, dietary β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, immune response and oxidative stress of weaning pigs, whereas it increased fat digestibility and had positive effects on intestinal integrity and cecum microflora by reducing the count of E.coli.

Estimation in vivo of the chemical composition of the bodies of mature cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Wright ◽  
A. J. F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Condition Score

ABSTRACTA number of possible indices of body composition (live weight, skeletal size, total body water as estimated by deuterium oxide dilution, blood and red cell volumes as estimated by Evans Blue dilution, ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and eye-muscle area, and body condition scoring) was examined using 73 non-pregnant, non-lactating, mature cows of Hereford × Friesian, Blue-Grey, British Friesian, Galloway and Luing genotypes, ranging in body condition score from 0·75 to 4·5. Direct measurements of body composition in terms of water, fat, protein and ash were made following slaughter.Live weight, deuterium oxide dilution, ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and eyemuscle area, and body condition score were all considered to be potentially useful predictors of body composition. Combinations of techniques offered better predictions than did any single index. Using a combination of measurements it was possible to predict body fat and protein with a residual s.d. of 13·1 kg and 3·15 kg respectively. Breed differences in the partition of fat among the main adipose tissue depots necessitated the development of specific prediction equations for body fat based on condition score and subcutaneous fat depth for different breeds. Equations remain to be developed for predicting body composition in cows in different physiological states.

scholarly journals Comparative study of hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide on the anti-atherogenic potential of losartan in cholesterol fed rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Md. Zakirul Islam ◽  
Md. Sayedur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Atherosclerotic Change ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The study was conducted to evaluate the anti-atherogenic potential of losartan and to assess the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide on losartan activity in rat. Cholesterol diet (0.5%) for 12 weeks led to significant hyperlipidemia, increased body weight and oxidative stress in erythrocyte. While, losartan, hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide treatment continued for next 12 weeks, losartan showed anti-atherogenic activity reflected by hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant effect in erythrocyte. This activity was abolished by addition of hydrochlorothiazide with losartan but remained unaltered by addition of indapamide with losartan. Atherosclerotic change and oxidative stress were not found in rat aorta, which may be due to short duration and low dose of cholesterol feeding. Hydrochlorothiazide treatment was associated with hypokalemia, which was not present in losartan or indapamide treatment. This study suggests that indapamide might be co-administered with losartan conserving the essential anti-atherogenic potential of losartan.Online: 13 July 2010DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v36i1.5447Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2010; 36: 14-19   

Lower limit of body fat in healthy active men

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Friedl ◽  
R. J. Moore ◽  
L. E. Martinez-Lopez ◽  
J. A. Vogel ◽  
E. W. Askew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Healthy Men

We examined body composition changes in 55 normal young men during an 8-wk Army combat leadership training course involving strenuous exercise and low energy intake, with an estimated energy deficit of 5.0 +/- 2.0 MJ/day and a resultant 15.7 +/- 3.1% weight loss. Percent body fat (BF) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) averaged 14.3% (range 6–26%) and 5.8 +/- 1.8% (range 4–11%) at the beginning and end of the course, respectively. Men who achieved a minimum percent BF (4–6%) by 6 wk demonstrated only small additional total and subcutaneous fat losses in the final 2 wk and sacrificed increasingly larger proportions of fat-free mass. Percent BF estimated from skinfold thicknesses reflected relative changes in fat mass, although actual percent BF was overestimated. Instead of reaching a plateau after fat stores were substantially depleted, abdominal, hip, and thigh girths continued to decline with body weight loss. Final percent BF for the leanest men was similar to that observed after a 25% body weight reduction in the 1950 Minnesota study (5.2% by underwater weighting), and height-corrected final fat mass was the same (1.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.7 kg fat/m2), suggesting that these values represent a minimal body fat content in healthy men and that weight loss subsequent to achieving this level is contributed from the fat-free mass. Our results suggest that 4–6% BF or approximately 2.5 kg fat represents the lower limit for healthy men, as assessed by DEXA or by underwater weighing.

scholarly journals Effect of Ambrotose AO® on resting and exercise-induced antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in healthy adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J Bloomer ◽  
Robert E Canale ◽  
Megan M Blankenship ◽  
Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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