scholarly journals Post-Irradiation Treatment with a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic, MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, Mitigates Radiation Injury in the Lungs of Non-Human Primates after Whole-Thorax Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cline ◽  
Greg Dugan ◽  
John Bourland ◽  
Donna Perry ◽  
Joel Stitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Mimic

scholarly journals Effect of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle precursor cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Jurdana ◽  
Maja Cemazar ◽  
Katarina Pegan ◽  
Tomaz Mars
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation

Abstract Background. Long term effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation, cytokine signalling and stress response capacity were studied in primary cell cultures. Materials and methods. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts obtained from muscle biopsies were cultured and irradiated with a Darpac 2000 X-ray unit at doses of 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Acute effects of radiation were studied by interleukin - 6 (IL-6) release and stress response detected by the heat shock protein (HSP) level, while long term effects were followed by proliferation capacity and cell death. Results. Compared with non-irradiated control and cells treated with inhibitor of cell proliferation Ara C, myoblast proliferation decreased 72 h post-irradiation, this effect was more pronounced with increasing doses. Post-irradiation myoblast survival determined by measurement of released LDH enzyme activity revealed increased activity after exposure to irradiation. The acute response of myoblasts to lower doses of irradiation (4 and 6 Gy) was decreased secretion of constitutive IL-6. Higher doses of irradiation triggered a stress response in myoblasts, determined by increased levels of stress markers (HSPs 27 and 70). Conclusions. Our results show that myoblasts are sensitive to irradiation in terms of their proliferation capacity and capacity to secret IL-6. Since myoblast proliferation and differentiation are a key stage in muscle regeneration, this effect of irradiation needs to be taken in account, particularly in certain clinical conditions.

scholarly journals Radiation Produces Irreversible Chronic Dysfunction in the Submandibular Glands of the Rat

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
C De la Cal ◽  
J Fernández-Solari ◽  
CE Mohn ◽  
JP Prestifilippo ◽  
A Pugnaloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Rat Salivary Gland

The exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation during radiotherapy results in severe morphological and functional alterations of the salivary glands, such as xerostomia. In the present study we investigated the chronic effect of a single radiation dose of 15 Gray (Gy) limited to head and neck on rat salivary gland function (salivary secretion and gland mass) and histology. Results indicate that norepinephrine (NE)-induced salivary secretion was reduced significantly at 30, 90, 180 and 365 days after the administration of a single dose of 15 Gy of ionizing radiation compared to non-irradiated animals. The maximal secretory response was reduced by 33% at 30 and 90 days post irradiation. Interestingly, a new fall in the salivary response to NE was observed at 180 days and was maintained at 365 days post irradiation, showing a 75% reduction in the maximal response. The functional fall of the salivary secretion observed at 180 days post irradiation was not only associated with a reduction of gland mass but also to an alteration of the epithelial architecture exhibiting a changed proportion of ducts and acini, loss of eosinophilic secretor granular material, and glandular vacuolization and fibrosis. On the basis of the presented results, we conclude that ionizing radiation produces irreversible and progressive alterations of submandibular gland (SMG) function and morphology that leads to a severe salivary hypo-function.

scholarly journals Early Biomarkers Associated with P53 Signaling for Acute Radiation Injury

Life ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Weihong Li ◽  
Shixiang Zhou ◽  
Meng Jia ◽  
Xiaoxin Li ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Acute Radiation Injury ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Accurate Dose

Accurate dose assessment within 1 day or even 12 h after exposure through current methods of dose estimation remains a challenge, in response to a large number of casualties caused by nuclear or radiation accidents. P53 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation. The changes of radiation-induced P53 related genes in the early stage of ionizing radiation should compensate for the deficiency of lymphocyte decline and γ-H2AX analysis as novel biomarkers of radiation damage. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on previous data to find candidate genes from human peripheral blood irradiated in vitro. The expression levels of candidate genes were detected by RT-PCR. The expressions of screened DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 were stable in healthy population, but significantly up-regulated by radiation, with time specificity and dose dependence in 2–24 h after irradiation. They are early indicators for medical treatment in acute radiation injury. Their effective combination could achieve a more accurate dose assessment for large-scale wounded patients within 24 h post exposure. The effective combination of p53-related genes DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 is a novel biodosimetry for a large number of people exposed to acute nuclear accidents.

Development of 3-nitratomethyl-proxyl (NMP): A novel, bifunctional superoxide dismutase-mimic-nitric oxide-donor

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Haj-Yehia ◽  
Taher Nassar ◽  
Chaim Lotan ◽  
Thomas M�nzel ◽  
Leslie Benet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Mimic

scholarly journals Intracellular location matters: rationalization of the anti-inflammatory activity of a manganese(ii) superoxide dismutase mimic complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (57) ◽  
pp. 7885-7888
Author(s):  
Emilie Mathieu ◽  
Anne-Sophie Bernard ◽  
Elodie Quévrain ◽  
Martha Zoumpoulaki ◽  
Sébastien Iriart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Cellular Model ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Mimic

The study of Mn-based superoxide dismutase mimic conjugated with a multimodal Re-probe in a cellular model of oxidative stress revealed that its bioactivity is associated with its accumulation at the mitochondria.

scholarly journals Common Deletion (CD) in mitochondrial DNA of irradiated rat heart

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAQUEL G. SIQUEIRA ◽  
DAYSE A. DA SILVA ◽  
LUIZ D.B. DE MELO ◽  
ELIZEU F. DE CARVALHO ◽  
SAMARA C. FERREIRA-MACHADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Deletion

The purpose of this study was to map the common deletion (CD) area in mtDNA and investigate the levels of this deletion in irradiated heart. The assays were developed in male Wistar rats that were irradiated with three different single doses (5, 10 or 15 Gy) delivered directly to the heart and the analyses were performed at various times post-irradiation (3, 15 or 120 days). The CDs area were sequenced and the CD quantified by real-time PCR. Our study demonstrated that the CD levels progressively decreased from the 3rduntil the 15th day after irradiation, and then increased thereafter. Additionally, it was observed that the levels of CD are modulated differently according to the different categories of doses (moderate and high). This study demonstrated an immediate response to ionizing radiation, measured by the presence of mutations in the CD area and a decrease in the CD levels.

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