scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Crosslink among Inflammation, Nitroxidative Stress, Intestinal Microbiota and Alternative Therapies

Antioxidants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça ◽  
Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso ◽  
Jerusa Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Jadriane Almeida Xavier ◽  
Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Critical Public Health ◽  
Harmful Effects

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by a set of metabolic complications arising from adaptive failures to the pregnancy period. Estimates point to a prevalence of 3 to 15% of pregnancies. Its etiology includes intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the progenitress, which may contribute to the pathophysiogenesis of GDM. Recently, researchers have identified that inflammation, oxidative stress, and the gut microbiota participate in the development of the disease, with potentially harmful effects on the health of the maternal-fetal binomial, in the short and long terms. In this context, alternative therapies were investigated from two perspectives: the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, with probiotics and prebiotics, and the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may mitigate the endogenous processes of the GDM, favoring the health of the mother and her offspring, and in a future perspective, alleviating this critical public health problem.

scholarly journals Associations between gestational diabetes mellitus and the neurodevelopment of offspring from 1 month to 72 months: study protocol for a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040305
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Yixi Cai ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Yongfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Open Access Journals

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common gestational disease and an important global public health problem. GDM may affect the short-term and long-term health of offspring, but the associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of offspring of mothers with GDM (OGDM) are still unclear, and studies based on the Chinese population are lacking. We aim to determine the associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of OGDM by studying a cohort of OGDM and offspring of non-GDM mothers.Methods and analysisThe single-centre prospective cohort study is being conducted in China over 7 years. A total of 490 OGDM (GDM group) and 490 fromof healthy mothers (control group) will be enrolled during the same period. Baseline characteristics, neuropsychological development scores and clinical data at specific time points (at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 months old) will be collected from the children in both groups until the age of 6 years. The associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of OGDM from infancy to preschool age will be analysed using a multiple linear regression model adjusted for confounders. In addition, we will compare longitudinal data to further assess the effects of GDM on neurodevelopmental trajectories.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Approval Number: (2019) Institutional Review Board (IRB) (STUDY) No. 85). The findings of this study will be disseminated through open access journals, peer-reviewed journals and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03997396.

A Study on Urinary Glycated Albumin to urinary albumin excretion in gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Chandramallika Paul ◽  
Santanu Banerjee ◽  
Satinath Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Kalyan Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Albumin Excretion ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Albumin Excretion

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a public health problem in India with implications well pronounced in pregnancy and beyond. Biomarkers like Glycated Albumin (G.A.) can well monitor the glycaemic status and evaluate the transient hyperglycaemic spikes, which account for the diabetic complications. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we intend to study urinary G.A. excretion with respect to urinary albumin excretion expressed as UGA% in gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 16 months on 177 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics for the first time at a single centre.Among the surveyed population, 26 pregnant women subsequently developed GDM, and 31 healthy pregnant women who did not develop GDM were included in the study. Results: The UGA% between GDM and healthy mothers showed an increase in GDM with a p value <0.05 during the first and second trimesters. Pearson’s correlation coefficient at 5% interval showed moderate to strong correlation for fasting plasma glucose (FBS) vs UGA% in 1st trimester(r= 0.61) and 3rd trimester(r=0.54). Conclusion: The higher UGA% in GDM mothers in the early trimester may help monitor glycaemic status efficiently and timely. Long term follows up would be worthwhile to predict future progression to nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Henceforth, UGA being a non-invasive marker may emerge as a more patient-friendly marker reducing the hassles of innumerable invasive tests to monitor the well-being of a mother aswell as a foetus during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Immunoendocrine Dysregulation during Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of the Placenta

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8087
Author(s):  
Andrea Olmos-Ortiz ◽  
Pilar Flores-Espinosa ◽  
Lorenza Díaz ◽  
Pilar Velázquez ◽  
Carlos Ramírez-Isarraraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Harmful Effects

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transitory metabolic condition caused by dysregulation triggered by intolerance to carbohydrates, dysfunction of beta-pancreatic and endothelial cells, and insulin resistance during pregnancy. However, this disease includes not only changes related to metabolic distress but also placental immunoendocrine adaptations, resulting in harmful effects to the mother and fetus. In this review, we focus on the placenta as an immuno-endocrine organ that can recognize and respond to the hyperglycemic environment. It synthesizes diverse chemicals that play a role in inflammation, innate defense, endocrine response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, all associated with different perinatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Diversity of Gut Microbiota of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of Pregnant Women

Biomedika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Minarti Minarti ◽  
Nurhidayat Triananinsi ◽  
Nurqalbi Nurqalbi ◽  
Sumarni Sumarni ◽  
Mudyawati Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Varied Composition

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops abnormal glucose tolerance that is first recognized during pregnancy. GDM is a significant public health problem with an incidence of 1.9 – 3.6% of all pregnancies in Indonesia. Additionally, women with GDM during pregnancy have a high risk of developing diabetes when they are not pregnant, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). One alternative variable in the management of T2D globally is gut microbiota. Here, to find out the role of gut microbiota in pregnancy, we characterized the stools of 30 pregnant women, each consisting of fifteen GDM-detected pregnant women, and healthy pregnant women using metagenomic approach with genome analysis by directly isolating genomic DNA from the microbiota ecosystem that occupies the digestive tract. DNA sequencing results were analyzed by MEGA 6 software with the BLASTn algorithm in NCBI. Thus fifteen GDM-detected showed high nucleotide sequence homology with the Proteobacteria at phylum level, and Escherichia, Orchobacterium, Cronobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Kosakonia, Vibrio dan Gamma-Proteobacterium at genus level compared to the healthy pregnant women which found by Firmicutes at phylum level and Ruminococcus, Clostridium, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia,  Weisella, Eubacterium at genus level had a higher abundance in healthy pregnant women. In this result, we found also one of the fifteen healthy pregnant women showed differential abundance with enrichment of Prevotella species. Gut microbiota of GDM-diagnosed pregnant women has more varied composition, and dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria than in normal pregnant women.

Association between Probiotic Yogurt Intake and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian CHEN ◽  
Xiumin JIANG ◽  
Xinxin HUANG ◽  
Honggu HE ◽  
Jing ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Probiotic Yogurt ◽  
Future Care ◽  
Control Study

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent metabolic complications of pregnancy. Previous studies have reported that using either probiotic yogurt or a probiotic supplement reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes. However, the results were inconsistent. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and probiotic yogurt intake during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy in Chinese women. Methods: This was a case-control study involving 123 cases with gestational diabetes mellitus and 126 controls matched for age and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Each participant was interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire to collect socio-demographic characteristics, diet and exercise habits, as well as probiotic yogurt consumption (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium) during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. An unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Mothers in both groups had similar socio-demographic backgrounds. Probiotic yogurt intake during pregnancy was significantly higher in normal pregnant women than that in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio: 0.292, 95% confidence interval: 0.148 - 0.577, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in probiotic yogurt consumption before pregnancy between cases and controls. Conclusion: Probiotic yogurt intake before pregnancy was not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, but probiotic yogurt consumption during pregnancy was effective in reducing the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women. The findings from the present study may have implications for the future care of pregnant Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Fetomaternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Groof ◽  
Ghadeer Garashi ◽  
Hamid Husain ◽  
Shaikhah Owayed ◽  
Shaima AlBader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing global public health problem that can have short- and long-term health consequences for the mother and the child. Despite its criticalness, many countries still do not have the epidemiological data which could guide them in responding to the problem. Due to the lack of knowledge on GDM and the fact that diabetes and obesity are high in Kuwait, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of GDM and determine its risk factors and outcomes. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 947 mothers living in Kuwait, who had given birth within the previous four years. Participants were recruited from primary health care clinics and public hospitals. GDM status was self-reported by the mother. Associations between exposures and outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results. Of the 868 mothers with no prior history of diabetes mellitus, 109 (12.6%, 95% CI: 10.4, 14.8) reported having been given a GDM diagnosis during their last pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM increased with maternal age and prepregnancy body mass index. GDM was positively associated with caesarean section delivery (aOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.66) and fetal macrosomia (aOR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.89). Conclusion. GDM is prevalent in Kuwait and is associated with poor maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. To date, GDM has received little attention, and there is a need for more research to identify and respond to individual and public health implications of GDM in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Long-Term Risk for Glucose Intolerance and Overweight in the Offspring: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Nijs ◽  
Katrien Benhalima
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Overweight

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common condition with increasing prevalence worldwide. GDM is associated with an increased risk for maternal and neonatal complications. In this review we provide an overview of the most recent evidence on the long-term metabolic risk associated with GDM in the offspring. We conducted an extensive literature search on PubMed and Embase between February 2019 and December 2019. We performed a narrative review including 20 cohort studies, one cross-sectional study, and two randomized controlled trials. Our review shows that the prevalence of overweight/obesity and glucose intolerance is higher in children exposed to GDM compared to unexposed children. Maternal overweight is an important confounding factor, but recent studies show that in general the association remains significant after correction for maternal overweight. There is limited evidence suggesting that the association between GDM and adverse metabolic profile in the offspring becomes more significant with increasing offspring age and is also more pronounced in female offspring than in male offspring. More research is needed to evaluate whether treatment of GDM can prevent the long-term metabolic complications in the offspring.

Family History with Diabetes Mellitus and the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummu Fatihah Ammutammima ◽  
◽  
Didik Gunawan Tamtomo ◽  
Bhisma Murti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health problem because of its associated complications during pregnancy. Studies have suggested that women with positive parental history of diabetes may be predisposed to an increased GDM risk. This study aimed to examine the correlation between family history with diabetes mellitus and the gestational diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was collected articles from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases, from year 2017 to 2020. Keywords used “gestational diabetes mellitus” OR “GDM” AND “pregnancy induced diabetes” AND “family history of diabetes” AND “crosssectional”. The study subject was pregnant women. Intervention was family history with diabetes mellitus with comparison no family history of diabetes mellitus. The study outcome was gestational diabetes mellitus. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by ReVman 5.3. Results: 7 studies from Kuwait, Ethiopia, Fiji, Malaysia, and China, reported that family history with diabetes mellitus increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR= 1.68; 95% CI= 0.87 to 3.26; p= 0.120). Conclusion: Family history with diabetes mellitus increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy induced diabetes, family history of diabetes Correspondence: Ummu Fsatihah Ammutammima. Masters Program Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081717252573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.54

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional com ênfase nas Gestantes de Alto Risco / Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with an emphasis on High-Risk Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 278-291
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Almeida da Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Silveira Santos ◽  
Simei Gleide Silva Matos ◽  
Matheus Santos Marques
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Risk Pregnancy

Resumo: Considerando o Diabetes Mellitus um problema de saúde pública e sendo um dos principais fatores de morbimortalidade no Brasil, torna-se relevante destacar o aumento de casos ocorridos do DMG em gestantes de alto risco. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo: investigar o perfil clínico do diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) e como o mesmo pode levar a uma gravidez de alto risco, sua associação aos fatores de riscos e suas principais complicações. Quanto à metodologia é exclusivamente de caráter bibliográfico. Foi feita uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica, a qual utilizou fontes de internet, onde foram aplicados critérios de inclusão e exclusão, chegando a um total de 12 artigos selecionados. A partir desses artigos, a pesquisa verificou que os fatores de riscos associados ao DMG e suas complicações, fazem correlação com a gravidez de alto risco. Assim, se faz necessário o rastreamento e monitoramento, a prevenção, o diagnóstico e tratamento do DMG tanto para a mãe quanto para o feto. Logo é fundamental a atuação do farmacêutico na equipe multidisciplinar, pois contribui desde a gestão, aquisição até a dispensação eficiente dos medicamentos auxiliando de forma a reduzir os riscos, promovendo atenção, cuidado e uma saúde de qualidade às gestantes. Palavras Chave: Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. Gravidez de Alto Risco. Abstract: Considering Diabetes Mellitus a public health problem and one of the main morbidity and mortality factors in Brazil, it is relevant to highlight the increase in cases of GDM in high-risk pregnant women. This research aimed to: investigate the clinical profile of gestacional diabetes mellitus (GDM) and how it can lead to a high-risk pregnancy, its association with risk factors and its main complications. As for the methodology, it is exclusively bibliographic in nature. A bibliographic review research was carried out, using internet  sources,  where inclusion   and exclusion  criteria   were applied, reaching a total of  12 selected articles. From these articles, the research found that the risk factors associated with GDM and its complications are correlated with high-risk pregnancy. Thus, it is necessary the tracking and monitoring, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of GDM for both mother and fetus. Therefore, the role of the pharmacist in the multidisciplinary team is essential, as he contributes from the management, acquisition to the efficient dispensing of medicines, helping to reduce risks, promoting attention, care and quality health for pregnant women. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. High-risk Pregnancy.

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